Suab nkauj kho siab |

Symphonic suab paj nruag yog suab paj nruag npaj rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm symphonies. suab paj nruag; qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nplua nuj cheeb tsam ntawm instr. suab paj nruag, npog ob qho tib si loj ntau yam hauj lwm, saturated nrog complex ideological thiab lub siab lub ntsws cov ntsiab lus, thiab me me suab paj nruag. ua si. Symp. Lub orchestra, uas sib txuas ntau yam twj paj nruag, muab cov neeg tsim suab paj nruag nrog cov nplua nuj palette ntawm cov suab xim, nthuav tawm. nyiaj txiag, kev muaj peev xwm rau kev nthuav qhia kos duab. tswv yim.

Kev ua yeeb yam. prod. loj instr. ensembles thiab orchestras xyaum ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, tab sis tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub Renaissance instr. suab paj nruag tau sib npaug rau lub suab. Maj mam, ib pawg hu nkauj ywj pheej tau tsim. polyphony yog ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (cov koom txoos-orchestral) style. Suab paj nruag rau lub orchestra tsim nyob rau hauv tas li kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm hom suab paj nruag. art-va - nrog chamber music, organ, choral, opera. Yam ntxwv hom 17 - 1st pem teb. 18th caug xyoo: seev cev. suite, concert - ensemble-orchestral (saib Concerto grosso), tom qab solo (saib Concerto), overture (symphony) ntawm hom operatic (thawj raws li kev taw qhia rau opera, ballet, ces ywj siab). Ntau yam ntawm cov suite ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th: divertissement, serenade, nocturne, cassation. Lub zog sawv ntawm lub symphony yog txuam nrog kev nce qib ntawm symphony, nws txoj kev loj hlob raws li lub voj voog. sonata daim ntawv thiab kev txhim kho ntawm classical. hom cim. suab paj nruag. Hauv qhov no, lub tsev kawm ntawv Mannheim thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Viennese classical tsev kawm ntawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Viennese classics, xaus tau tshwm sim. kev demarcation ntawm S. m. thiab cov suab paj nruag ntawm chamber-semble, muaj classical. tinas ntawm lub symphony (ib lub voj voog plaub ntu), kev hais lus (ib lub voj voog peb ntu), kev tshaj tawm (ib feem opus hauv sonata daim ntawv). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, muaj peev xwm ntawm symphony tau nthuav dav. suab paj nruag; nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tau nce, cov cuab yeej qub tau txhim kho, cov tshiab tau qhia. Vim muaj teeb meem ntawm orc. cov qhab nia, lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nce (saib Kev Coj Ua). Cov nkauj hu nkauj thiab solo woks feem ntau pib qhia rau hauv symphony thiab lwm hom suab paj nruag. pov npav. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub symphony intensified. pib hauv wok.-orc. Kev sib xyaw ua ke (cantata, oratorio), opera thiab ballet. Symphony tau txais qhov tseem ceeb heev. program music: conc. overture rau ib tug tej zajlus, symphony, nruab nrog lit. qhov kev pab cuam, ib zaj paj huam symphonic thiab lwm yam hais txog nws (symphonic duab, symphonic fantasy, thiab lwm yam), ib tug program-hom suite, feem ntau tsim los ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm theatrical (xws li ballet, opera) suab paj nruag, tab sis feem ntau ywj siab. Ntau yam ntawm S. m. kuj muaj xws li symphonietta, symphony. variations, fantasy (kuj overture) on nar. ntxhais, rhapsody, lus dab neeg, capriccio, scherzo, potpourri, peb hlis ntuj, decomp. seev cev (xws li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub voj voog - symphonic seev cev), decomp. miniatures, thiab lwm yam hauv conc. ua symp. repertoire kuj suav nrog orc. fragments los ntawm operas, ballets, ua yeeb yam, plays, films.

S. m. Xyoo 19th embodied lub ntiaj teb loj ntawm cov tswv yim thiab kev xav. Nws pom kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub zej zog. suab, qhov kev paub tob tshaj plaws, duab ntawm xwm, lub neej txhua hnub thiab kev xav, nat. cim, dluab ntawm spatial arts, paj huam, folklore. Lub xyoo pua 20th SM, tau tsim ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag yav dhau los, tau qhia qee yam tshiab rau hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab xav txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub dec. kev ua kom zoo nkauj (impressionism, expressionism, thiab lwm yam). Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj ntawm S. m. 20 xyoo pua - lub classics ntawm lub sij hawm tshiab tshaj plaws. Classic symp. lub orchestra tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. tus nqi ntawm tus qauv, tab sis lwm yam ork. complexes - nthuav mus rau ib tug super-orchestra, txo mus rau ib tug chamber pawg, intermediate tsis tiav compositions. Lub orchestra tau enriched nrog tshiab timbres (tshwj xeeb, hluav taws xob twj), advanced li ywj siab. ensemble nyob rau hauv lub orchestra band tshuab. cuab yeej. Nyob rau hauv ib tug sib npaug footing nrog instruments nyob rau hauv cov qhab nia ntawm symphonies. prod. hu nkauj solos thiab hu nkauj pib qhib. pov npav. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke ntawm S. m. tau refracted nyob rau hauv jazz (lub thiaj li hu ua symphonic jazz). Qee hom suab paj nruag thaum ntxov yog rov cog qoob loo, piv txwv li. concerto rau orchestra. New impulses S. m. muab muses. kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg tsis yog Europe.

Nyob rau hauv lub 19th thiab 20th centuries nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab America tau nce ib tug xov tooj ntawm nat. S. cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm m., to-rye tau txais txiaj ntsig ntiaj teb. High achievements cim Rus. classical thiab owls. S. m., uas occupies ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb suab paj nruag. kab lis kev cai. Owls. S. m. npog muaj tswv yim. kev ua si ntawm composers ntawm tag nrho cov Union thiab sau. Republics. Nyob rau hauv ntau owls Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsuas yog tom qab 1917 ua masters ntawm S. m. tshwm. owl yam. S. m. reflected cov duab thiab cov tswv yim ntawm modernity, cov txheej txheem ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. transformation ntawm haiv neeg. Kev loj hlob ntawm symphonism cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm opera thiab ballet, thiab coj mus rau kev vam meej ntawm wok-symphony. hom, mus rau symphony ntawm suab paj nruag rau tus ntsuj plig. cov cuab yeej ntaus suab paj nruag thiab orchestra. Cov neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm USSR tau muab tswv yim. impulses ntawm S. m. thiab coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws cov tshiab ntau yam (piv txwv li, symphonic mugham); muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws thiab hauv S. m. ntawm lwm lub tebchaws.

References: Glebov Igor (Asafiev BV), Lavxias teb sab symphonic music rau 10 xyoo, "Suab paj nruag thiab kiv puag ncig", 1927, No 11; Soviet symphonic suab paj nruag. Sat. Art., M., 1955; Sollertinsky I., keeb kwm hom symphonic dramaturgy, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv: Suab paj nruag thiab keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, L., 1956; Stupel A., Kev sib tham txog symphonic music, L., 1961; Popova T., Symphonic music, Moscow, 1963; Rau cov neeg mloog ntawm symphony concerts. Phau ntawv qhia luv luv, M.-L., 1965, L., 1967; Konen V., Theatre and Symphony …, M., 1968, 1975; Bobrovsky V., Symphonic music, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, ib feem 1, phau ntawv. 1, XIV, 1976.

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