Symphonism

Symphonism yog ib lub tswv yim dav dav muab los ntawm lo lus "symphony" (saib Symphony), tab sis tsis txheeb xyuas nrog nws. Nyob rau hauv qhov dav dav, symphonism yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav ntawm kev xav txog kev xav ntawm lub neej hauv kev kos duab ntawm nkauj.

Symphony raws li kev zoo nkauj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov teeb meem cardinal ntawm tib neeg lub neej nyob rau hauv nws decomp. yam (socio-history, kev xav-psychological, thiab lwm yam). Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, symphonism yog txuam nrog lub tswv yim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tswv yim ntawm "symphonism" suav nrog qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm lub koom haum sab hauv ntawm muses. ntau lawm, nws dramaturgy, shaping. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom ntawm symphonism tuaj mus rau lub hauv paus raws li ib tug txoj kev uas muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tob thiab zoo qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm tsim thiab kev loj hlob, kev tawm tsam ntawm contradictory lub hauv paus ntsiab lus los ntawm intonational-thematic. kev sib piv thiab kev sib txuas, dynamism thiab organicity ntawm muses. kev loj hlob, nws zoo. tshwm sim.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "symphonism" yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm Soviet suab paj nruag, thiab saum toj no tag nrho cov BV Asafiev, uas muab tso rau pem hauv ntej raws li ib qeb ntawm muses. xav. Thawj thawj zaug, Asafiev tau qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm symphonism hauv tsab xov xwm "Txoj Kev mus rau Yav Tom Ntej" (1918), txhais nws cov ntsiab lus raws li "kev txuas ntxiv ntawm suab paj nruag, thaum tsis muaj ib lub ntsiab lus yog xeeb los yog pom tias muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm lwm tus. ” Tom qab ntawd, Asafiev tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm symphonism hauv nws cov lus hais txog L. Beethoven, ua haujlwm ntawm PI Tchaikovsky, MI Glinka, txoj kev tshawb no "Suab paj nruag daim ntawv raws li ib tug txheej txheem", uas qhia tau hais tias symphonism yog "ib tug loj kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub nco qab thiab cov txheej txheem. ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, ... lub sijhawm ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev loj hlob los ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov tswv yim thiab kev xav ntawm noob neej ”(BV Asafiev, “Glinka”, 1947). Asafiev cov tswv yim tsim lub hauv paus rau kev kawm txog cov teeb meem ntawm symphonism los ntawm lwm cov owls. cov kws sau ntawv.

Symphonism yog ib pawg keeb kwm uas tau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntev ntawm kev tsim, qhib rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm enlightenment classicism nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog crystallization ntawm sonata-symphony voj voog thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv raug. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Viennese classical tsev kawm ntawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Qhov kev txiav txim siab dhia hauv kev kov yeej ntawm txoj kev xav tshiab tau tshwm sim thaum tig ntawm 18th thiab 19th centuries. Tau txais kev txhawb zog siab hauv cov tswv yim thiab kev ua tiav ntawm Great Fabkis. kiv puag ncig ntawm 1789-94, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws. philosophical, uas resolutely tig mus rau dialectics (txoj kev loj hlob ntawm philosophical thiab zoo nkauj xav los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm dialectics nyob rau hauv I. Kant rau GWF Hegel), S. concentrated nyob rau hauv Beethoven txoj hauj lwm thiab los ua lub hauv paus ntawm nws daim duab. xav. S. raws li ib txoj kev tau tsim zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub 19th thiab 20th centuries.

S. yog ib lub tswv yim multilevel, txuam nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kev zoo nkauj. thiab theoretical tswvyim, thiab saum toj no tag nrho nrog lub tswvyim ntawm suab paj nruag. ua yeeb yam. Hauv nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, kev ua kom pom tseeb (piv txwv li, hauv Beethoven, Tchaikovsky), S. qhia txog cov qauv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam (kev tsis sib haum xeeb, nws txoj kev loj hlob, dhau mus rau theem ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, qhov kawg, kev daws teeb meem). Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, S. yog ncaj qha ntau dua. lub tswvyim dav dav ntawm "dramatology", uas sawv saum cov yeeb yam li S. saum lub suab paj nruag, muaj kev sib raug zoo. Symp. txoj kev qhia los ntawm qhov no lossis hom muses. dramaturgy, piv txwv li, ib tug system ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob, concretizing qhov zoo sib xws thiab kev sib koom ua ke, ib theem zuj zus ntawm kev ua thiab nws tshwm sim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv lub symphony dramaturgy, qhov twg tsis muaj ncaj qha zajlus, cov cim-cov cim, qhov no concretization tseem nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tug suab paj nruas-generalized qhia (nyob rau hauv tsis muaj ib qho kev pab cuam, cov lus hais lus).

Hom suab paj nruag. dramaturgy yuav txawv, tab sis coj lawv txhua tus mus rau theem ntawm symphony. yuav tsum muaj txoj kev. zoo. Symp. txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem nrawm thiab tsis sib haum xeeb lossis, qhov sib txawv, qeeb thiab maj mam, tab sis nws yeej ib txwm ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tshiab, xav txog kev txav ntawm lub neej nws tus kheej.

Txoj kev loj hlob, uas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm S., tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo. transformations of the original music. kev xav (cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntsiab lus), cov khoom muaj nyob hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau suite juxtaposition ntawm contrasting ntxhais-duab, lawv juxtaposition, rau symphony. Dramaturgy yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov kev xav (kev taw qhia), uas txhua theem tom ntej - sib piv lossis rov ua dua ntawm qib tshiab - ua raws li qhov dhau los ua "nws tus kheej" (Hegel), txhim kho "hauv ib lub kauv". Ib qho "kev taw qhia ntawm daim ntawv" yog tsim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim, qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm nws txoj kev tsim, "txiav peb tsis nkees ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw, los ntawm kev ua tiav mus rau kev ua tiav - mus txog qhov kawg" (Igor Glebov, 1922). Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm symphony. dramaturgy yog raws li kev sib tsoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev tawm tsam cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Kev ntxhov siab nce, qhov kawg thiab kev poob qis, qhov sib txawv thiab cov cim, kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab nws txoj kev daws teeb meem yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv nws, lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov uas tau hais los ntawm intonation. ties-arches, txoj kev ntawm "dhau" lub climax, thiab lwm yam. Cov tsos mob txheej txheem. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no yog cov feem ntau dialectical, nws cov logic yog ib tug subordinate rau lub triad: thesis - antithesis - synthesis. Lub concentrated qhia ntawm lub dialectic ntawm symph. txoj kev - fp. sonata No. 23 los ntawm Beethoven, ib tug sonata-drama, imbued nrog lub tswv yim ntawm heroic. kev tawm tsam. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntu 1 muaj qhov muaj zog tag nrho cov duab sib txawv, uas tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cav sib ceg (lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "ib leeg ntawm lwm tus"), thiab lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb tsim cov kab hauv kev loj hlob (kev nthuav tawm, kev loj hlob, rov tsim dua) uas. nce tab sis nro, ua rau lub culminating theem - lub synthesis ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nyob rau theem tshiab, lub logic ntawm dramaturgy. contrasts ntawm lub 1st zog tshwm nyob rau hauv lub muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub sonata tag nrho (kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub loj sublime Andante nrog rau sab ib feem ntawm lub 1st zog, lub cua daj cua dub zaum kawg nrog rau qhov kawg). Lub dialectic ntawm xws li ib tug derivative contrast yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub symphony. Beethoven txoj kev xav. Nws mus txog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws cov yeeb yam heroic. symphonies - 5th thiab 9th. Qhov piv txwv meej tshaj plaws ntawm S. nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm romanticism. sonatas - Chopin's b-moll sonata, kuj yog raws li kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm 1 feem nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub voj voog (txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev qhia dav dav ntawm kev loj hlob tshaj li ntawm Beethoven - tsis yog mus rau qhov kawg ntawm tus phab ej - qhov kawg, tab sis mus rau qhov luv luv tragic epilogue).

Raws li lub sij hawm nws tus kheej qhia, S. xaus cov qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau crystallized rau hauv sonata-symphony. lub voj voog thiab suab paj nruag. cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws qhov chaw (uas, nyob rau hauv lem, absorbed cais txoj kev loj hlob muaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, variational, polyphonic), - figuratively-thematic. concentration, feem ntau nyob rau hauv 2 polar spheres, interdependence ntawm contrast thiab kev sib sau ua ke, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev loj hlob los ntawm qhov sib txawv mus rau synthesis. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm S. yog los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias txo qis rau lub tswv yim sonata; ua symp. txoj kev yog tawm ntawm bounds. hom ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, raws li qhov ntau tshaj plaws qhia txog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag feem ntau raws li cov txheej txheem, kev kos duab ntawm lub cev (lub tswv yim ntawm Asafiev, uas xav txog cov suab paj nruag raws li tus txheej txheem, yog qhov qhia tau). S. pom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg. Ib hom ntawv thiab cov ntawv - los ntawm symphony, opera, ballet mus rau romance los yog me me instr. plays (piv txwv li, Tchaikovsky's romance "Dua, ib yam li ua ntej ..." los yog Chopin's prelude nyob rau hauv d-moll yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug symphonic nce nyob rau hauv lub siab thiab puas siab puas ntsws nro, coj nws mus rau ib tug climax), los ntawm sonata, loj variation rau me strophic. cov ntaub ntawv (piv txwv li, Schubert zaj nkauj "Ob chav").

Nws justifiably hu nws etudes-variations rau piano symphonic. R. Schumann (tom qab ntawd nws kuj tau hu nws cov kev hloov pauv rau piano thiab orchestra S. Frank). Vivid piv txwv ntawm symphony ntawm variational cov ntaub ntawv raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dynamic kev loj hlob ntawm dluab yog qhov kawg ntawm Beethoven lub 3rd thiab 9th symphonies, lub kawg passacaglia ntawm Brahms lub 4th symphony, Ravel's Bolero, lub passacaglia nyob rau hauv lub sonata-symphony. Lub voj voog ntawm DD Shostakovich.

Symp. txoj kev kuj manifested nyob rau hauv loj vocal-instr. hom; Yog li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag nyob rau hauv Bach lub h-moll huab hwm coj yog symphonic nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm concentration: lub antithesis ntawm dluab yog tsis nqa tawm ntawm no los ntawm sonata txhais tau tias, txawm li cas los xij, lub zog thiab qhov xwm ntawm intonational thiab tonal sib piv tau. raug coj los ze rau sonatas. Nws tsis yog txwv rau qhov overture (hauv sonata daim ntawv) ntawm Mozart's S. opera Don Giovanni, lub dramaturgy uas yog permeated nrog ib tug exciting dynamic clash ntawm Renaissance kev hlub ntawm lub neej thiab lub tragically fettering zog ntawm pob zeb, retribution. Sib sib zog nqus S. "Tus poj huab tais ntawm Spades" los ntawm Tchaikovsky, pib los ntawm antithesis ntawm kev hlub thiab mob siab rau-ua si, puas siab puas ntsws "kev sib cav" thiab coj tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm playwright. kev loj hlob mus rau qhov xwm txheej. kev denouement. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm S., qhia los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tsis yog ntawm bicentric, tab sis ntawm ib qho kev txiav txim monocentric, yog Wagner's opera Tristan thiab Isolde, nrog nws txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab, uas yuav luag tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem thiab kev poob qis. Tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob pib los ntawm qhov pib lingering intonation - "sprout" yog yug los ntawm lub tswv yim rov qab mus rau "Poj huab tais ntawm Spades" - lub tswv yim ntawm inevitable fusion ntawm kev hlub thiab kev tuag. Def. qhov zoo ntawm S., qhia nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg organic melodic. kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv ib tug me me wok. daim ntawv, muaj nyob rau hauv lub aria "Casta diva" los ntawm lub Opera "Norma" los ntawm Bellini. Yog li, S. nyob rau hauv lub opera ib hom ntawv nyeem, lub brightest piv txwv ntawm uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm lub zoo opera playwrights - WA ​​Mozart thiab MI Glinka, J. Verdi, R. Wagner, PI Tchaikovsky thiab MP Mussorgsky, SS Prokofiev thiab DD Shostakovich - yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias txo rau orc. suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv opera, raws li nyob rau hauv symphony. prod., cov kev cai ntawm concentration ntawm muses siv. dramaturgy raws li ib tug tseem ceeb generalizing lub tswv yim (piv txwv li, lub tswv yim ntawm pej xeem-heroic nyob rau hauv Glinka's Ivan Susanin, tragic txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina), dynamics ntawm nws deployment, uas tsim cov pob caus ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. nyob rau hauv ensembles) thiab lawv cov kev daws teeb meem. Ib qho tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwm sim ntawm secularism nyob rau hauv opera yog cov organic thiab ib txwm ua raws li txoj cai leitmotif (saib Leitmotif ). Cov ntsiab cai no feem ntau loj hlob mus rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm repetitive intonations. formations, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov twg thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv qhia lub zog ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, qhov sib sib zog nqus ua rau-thiab-tshuaj cuam tshuam ntawm cov rog no (xws li hauv symphony). Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv tsim tshwj xeeb, symph. Lub koom haum ntawm dramaturgy los ntawm txoj kev ntawm leitmotif system yog qhia nyob rau hauv Wagner's operas.

Cov tsos mob tshwm sim. txoj kev, nws cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv ntau ntau hom, style, lstorich. eras thiab lub teb chaws cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1st txoj kev npaj yog cov los yog lwm yam zoo ntawm symph. txoj kev - tsis sib haum xeeb explosiveness, sharpness ntawm contrasts los yog organic loj hlob, kev sib sau ntawm opposites (los yog ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv kev sib sau), concentrated dynamics ntawm tus txheej txheem los yog nws dispersal, gradualness. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm symphony. kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sib piv tsis sib haum xeeb-dramas. thiab lyric monologue. hom cim. ua yeeb yam. Kos ib kab ntawm keeb kwm hom ntawm cov cim. dramaturgy, II Sollertinsky hu ua ib tug ntawm lawv Shakespearean, dialogic (L. Beethoven), lwm tus - monologue (F. Schubert). Txawm hais tias muaj kev paub zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv, nws qhia txog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim: S. raws li kev ua yeeb yam tsis sib haum xeeb. action thiab S. as a lyric. los yog enich. zaj lus. Nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub, lub dynamics ntawm contrasts, opposites, yog nyob rau hauv lub forefront, nyob rau hauv lwm yam, kev loj hlob ntawm sab hauv, kev sib sau ntawm lub siab lub ntsws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov duab los yog lawv multi-channel branching (epic S.); nyob rau hauv ib qho - ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm sonata dramaturgy, motive-thematic. txoj kev loj hlob, kev sib tham confrontation ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv paus ntsiab lus (symphonism ntawm Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich), nyob rau hauv lwm yam - ntawm variance, gradual germination ntawm tshiab intonations. formations, xws li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub sonatas thiab symphonies ntawm Schubert, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv ntau lwm tus neeg. prod. I. Brahms, A. Bruckner, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev.

Kev sib txawv ntawm hom symphony. dramaturgy kuj yog txiav txim los ntawm seb nws yog dominated los ntawm nruj functional logic los yog tus txheeb ze kev ywj pheej ntawm cov kev kawm dav dav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob (xws li, nyob rau hauv Liszt symphonic paj huam, Chopin's ballads thiab fantasies nyob rau hauv f-moll), seb qhov kev txiav txim yog deployed nyob rau hauv sonata. -symphony. cycle los yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv (saib, piv txwv li, loj ib feem ua hauj lwm los ntawm Liszt). Nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus piv txwv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab paj nruag. dramaturgy, peb tuaj yeem tham txog dec. hom S. – ua yeeb yam, lyrical, epic, ib hom ntawv nyeem, thiab lwm yam.

Lub degree ntawm concretization ntawm ideological art. ntau lawm tswvyim. nrog kev pab los ntawm lo lus, qhov xwm ntawm associative txuas ntawm muses. dluab nrog cov phenomena ntawm lub neej txiav txim qhov sib txawv ntawm S. mus rau hauv programmatic thiab tsis-programmed, feem ntau interconnected (symphonism los ntawm Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich, A. Honegger).

Hauv kev kawm ntawm S. hom, cov lus nug ntawm kev tshwm sim hauv symphony yog qhov tseem ceeb. xav txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm theatrical - tsis tsuas yog hais txog cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis qee zaum tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawm sab hauv zaj dab neeg, "fabularity" ntawm symphonies. txoj kev loj hlob (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm G. Berlioz thiab G. Mahler) los yog theatrical characterization ntawm lub figurative qauv (symphonism los ntawm Prokofiev, Stravinsky).

S. hom qhia lawv tus kheej hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg. Yog, dram. S. nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th. tsim nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm heroic-dramatic (Beethoven) thiab lyrical-dramatic (lub culmination ntawm no kab yog Tchaikovsky lub symphonism). Nyob rau hauv Austrian suab paj nruag crystallized hom lyric-epic S., mus los ntawm lub symphony nyob rau hauv C-dur los ntawm Schubert mus ua hauj lwm. Brahms thiab Bruckner. Epic thiab ua yeeb yam cuam tshuam hauv Mahler's symphony. Lub synthesis ntawm epic, ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab lyrics yog heev yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab. classical S. (MI Glinka, AP Borodin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Glazunov), uas yog vim Lavxias teb sab. nat. thematic, melodic ntsiab. chant, duab suab. Synthesis decomp. hom cim. dramaturgy - ib tug qauv uas tab tom tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Yog li, piv txwv li, Shostakovich's civic-philosophical symphonism synthesized yuav luag txhua hom symphonies uas keeb kwm ua ntej nws. dramaturgy nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm cov synthesis ntawm ua yeeb yam thiab lub epic. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th S. raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm suab paj nruag. kev xav yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav tawm rau cov khoom ntawm lwm hom kev kos duab, yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cov lus, nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam. kev txiav txim, assimilating cov txheej txheem ntawm cinematography. dramaturgy (uas feem ntau ua rau deconcentration, ib tug txo nyob rau hauv qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm symphonic logic tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm), thiab lwm yam. Tsis reducible rau ib tug unambiguous formula, S. raws li ib qeb ntawm muses. kev xav tau tshwm sim hauv qhov muaj peev xwm tshiab hauv txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob.

References: Serov A. N., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, nws txoj kev koom tes thiab lub ntsiab lus, "Modern Chronicle", 1868, Tsib Hlis 12, tib yam hauv ed.: Izbr. cov khoom, thiab lwm yam. 1, M.-L., 1950; Asafiev B. (Igor Glebov), Txoj Kev mus rau Yav Tom Ntej, hauv: Melos, no. 2 St. Petersburg, 1918; nws tus kheej, Tchaikovsky's Instrumental Works, P., 1922, tib yam, hauv phau ntawv: Asafiev B., Txog Tchaikovsky's Music, L., 1972; nws, Symphonism raws li ib tug teeb meem ntawm niaj hnub musicology, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Becker P., Symphony los ntawm Beethoven rau Mahler, trans. ed. THIAB. Glebova, L., 1926; nws tus kheej, Beethoven, hauv phau ntawv: Beethoven (1827-1927), L., 1927, tib yam, hauv phau ntawv: Asafiev B., Izbr. ua, ie 4, M., 1955; ib. nws, Musical Form as a Process, Vol. 1, M., 1930, phau ntawv 2, M., 1947, (phau ntawv 1-2), L., 1971; nws tus kheej, Hauv nco txog Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, L.-M., 1940, tib yam, hauv phau ntawv: Asafiev B., O Tchaikovsky's music, L., 1972; Nws tus kheej, Composer-dramatist - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, hauv nws phau ntawv: Izbr. ua, ie 2, M., 1954; ib. tib yam, hauv phau ntawv: B. Asafiev, txog Tchaikovsky's music, L., 1972; nws, Ntawm Txoj Kev Taw Qhia ntawm Daim Ntawv hauv Tchaikovsky, Sat: Soviet Music, Sat. 3, M.-L., 1945, nws tus kheej, Glinka, M., 1947, tib yam, hauv phau ntawv: Asafiev B., Izbr. ua, ie 1, M., 1952; ib. nws tus kheej, "Tus Enchantress". Opera P. THIAB. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1947, tib yam, hauv phau ntawv: Asafiev B., Izbr. ua, ie 2, M., 1954; ib. Alschwang A., Beethoven, M., 1940; nws tus kheej, Beethoven's Symphony, Fav. vol., ib. 2, M., 1965; ib. Danylevich L. V., Symphony li suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam, hauv phau ntawv: Cov Lus Nug ntawm Musicology, phau ntawv xyoo, tsis muaj. 2, M., 1955; ib. Sollertinsky kuv. I., Keeb kwm ntawm symphonic dramaturgy, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv: Suab paj nruag thiab keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, L., 1956; Nikolaev N. S., Symphonies P. THIAB. Tchaikovsky, M., 1958; nws, Beethoven's Symphonic Method, hauv phau ntawv: Suab paj nruag ntawm Fabkis Revolution ntawm XVIII caug xyoo. Beethoven, M., 1967; Mazel L. A., Ib co nta ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dawb ntawm Chopin, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Fryderyk Chopin, M., 1960; Kremlev Yu. A., Beethoven thiab Teeb meem ntawm Shakespeare's Music, hauv: Shakespeare thiab Music, L., 1964; Slonimsky S., Symphonies Prokofieva, M.-L., 1964, ch. ib; Yarustovsky B. M., Symphonies txog kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev thaj yeeb, M., 1966; Konen V. D., Theatre and Symphony, M., 1968; Tarakanov M. E., Cov style ntawm Prokofiev's symphonies. Kev tshawb fawb, M., 1968; Protopopov V. V., Beethoven cov ntsiab cai ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Sonata-symphonic voj voog los yog. 1–81, M., 1970; Klimovitsky A., Selivanov V., Beethoven thiab Philosophical Revolution nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Cov Lus Nug ntawm Kev Xav thiab Kev Zoo Nkauj ntawm Suab paj nruag, vol. 10, L., 1971; Lunacharsky A. V., Phau ntawv tshiab txog suab paj nruag, hauv phau ntawv: Lunacharsky A. V., Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no suab paj nruag, M., 1971; Ordzhonikidze G. Sh., Ntawm cov lus nug ntawm lub dialectic ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm pob zeb nyob rau hauv Beethoven lub suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv: Beethoven, vol. 2, M., 1972; Ryzhkin I. Ya., Zaj duab xis ua yeeb yam ntawm Beethoven's symphony (thib tsib thiab cuaj symphonies), ibid.; Zuckerman V. A., Beethoven's dynamism nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv thiab cov qauv manifestations, ibid.; Skrebkov S. S., Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag, M., 1973; Barsova I. A., Symphonies ntawm Gustav Mahler, M., 1975; Donadze V. G., Symphonies ntawm Schubert, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Suab paj nruag ntawm Austria thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, phau ntawv. 1, M., 1975; ib. Sabinina M. D., Shostakovich-symphonist, M., 1976; Chernova T. Yu., On the concept of dramaturgy in instrumental music, in: Musical art and science, vol. 3, M., 1978; ib. Schmitz A., “Ob tug hauv paus ntsiab lus” ntawm Beethoven …, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Teeb meem ntawm Beethoven tus style, M., 1932; Rollan R. Beethoven. Muaj tswv yim eras. Los ntawm "Heroic" mus rau "Appassionata", Sau. vol., ib. 15, L., 1933); ib. nws tib yam, tib yam, (ch. 4) - Tsis tiav Cathedral: Cuaj Symphony. Ua tiav comedy. Col.

NWS Nikolaeva