Portamento, glissando, swb

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si, uas muaj nyob rau hauv zawv zawg raws diatonic nplai (rau piano) los yog raws chromatic scale (rau stringed instruments) hu ua portamento, glissando los yog swb. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob daim ntawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. zawv zawg tuaj yeem nce lossis nqis.

Lo lus "glissando" feem ntau yog siv los ntawm instrumentalists. Lo lus "portamento" yog siv los ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj.

Nws yog qhia los ntawm portamento thiab glissando los ntawm ib txoj kab wavy txuas ob daim ntawv:

Portamento, glissando

Daim duab 1. Portamento, glissando

swb

Lo lus no feem ntau siv los xa mus rau glissando ua si ntawm guitar. Qhia los ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim txuas cov ntawv. Hauv qhov no, zawv zawg tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm ob peb txoj hlua tib lub sijhawm:

swb

Daim duab 2. Slide notation

Ntxiv rau qee cov ntawv sau thaum pib thiab xaus ntawm cov swb, nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov ntawv sau thawj zaug lossis cov ntawv kawg. Hauv qhov no, txoj kab ncaj nraim tseem nyob, thiab cov ntawv ceeb toom (lossis chord) tsis qhia.

Portamento

Ntxiv nrog rau cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no, lo lus "portamento" hais txog qhov tob uas tsis yog legato. Nws yog ib qho yuav luag sib koom ua ke ntawm lub suab lossis chords (tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm legato thiab staccato ). Lub npe ntawm cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov npe ntawm ob qho tib si legato thiab staccato:

Portamento

Daim duab 3. Portamento notation

Glissando (Italian glissando, los ntawm Fabkis glisser - swb) yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua si, uas muaj cov ntiv tes nrawm nrawm raws cov hlua lossis cov yuam sij ntawm cov suab paj nruag. cuab tam. Tsis zoo li portamento, uas yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia. kev ua tau zoo, tsis kho los ntawm tus kws sau suab paj nruag thiab feem ntau erroneously hu ua G., tiag G. yog tsau nyob rau hauv sweaty notation, sawv cev ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawv. Hauv fp. G. qhov kev ua si yog ua tiav los ntawm zawv zawg sab nrauv ntawm tus ntsia thawv phalanx ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo lossis tus ntiv tes thib peb (feem ntau ntawm sab tes xis) raws cov yuam sij dawb lossis dub. Hauv kev tsim khoom rau cov twj paj nruag keyboard G. yog thawj zaug pom hauv Fabkis. composer JB Moreau nyob rau hauv nws sau. "Thawj phau ntawv ntawm daim ntawv rau harpsichord" ("Premier livre pieces de clavecin", 1722). Tshwj xeeb tech. cov teeb meem tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm fp. G. scale sequences ntawm ob daim ntawv (thib peb,

G. yog ua tau yooj yim ntawm lub piano. qub designs nrog lawv ntau pliable, thiaj li hu. Viennese mechanics. Tej zaum yog vim li cas G. nyob rau hauv parallel thib rau twb tau siv los ntawm WA ​​Mozart (variations ntawm "Lison dormant"). Octave nplai muaj nyob rau hauv L. Beethoven (concert hauv C loj, sonata op. 53), KM Weber ("Concert piece", op. 79), G. nyob rau hauv thib peb thiab quarts - hauv M. Ravel ("Mirrors") thiab lwm tus

Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov twj paj nruag keyboard nrog lawv cov tempered system, nrog kev pab los ntawm G., ib tug scale nrog ib tug tej yam suab yog muab rho tawm, ces ntawm bowed seev, uas ib tug dawb system yog yam ntxwv, los ntawm txoj kev ntawm G., chromatic yog muab rho tawm. ib ntus ntawm lub suab, nrog ib tug swarm, qhov tseeb kev ua tau zoo ntawm semitones yog tsis tsim nyog (nrhiav cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tov nrog G. ntawm bowed instruments - qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm chromatic scale los ntawm zawv zawg ntiv tes). Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm g. thaum ua si bowed instruments Ch. arr. hauv cov nyhuv coloristic. G. qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qee nqe lus ntawm cov cuab yeej bowed, tshwj tsis yog chromatic. scale, yog ua tau tsuas yog thaum ua si nrog harmonics. Ib qho piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm G. ntawm bowed instruments yog nyob rau hauv Italian. composer K. Farina (hauv "Ib qho Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, rau skr. solo), siv G. raws li naturalistic. txais suab. Nyob rau hauv classic G. yog yuav luag tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag rau bowed instruments (ib qho tsis tshua muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm G. ascending chromatic sequence los ntawm octaves nyob rau hauv cov cai ntawm lub 1 feem ntawm lub concerto rau A. Dvorak). Raws li ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws virtuoso ua si, guerilla tau siv dav hauv cov haujlwm sau los ntawm Romantic violinists thiab cellists. cov lus qhia (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, thiab lwm yam). G. yog siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau haiv neeg raws li timbre xim nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau xyoo pua 20th rau cov cuab yeej hneev taw thiab ua cov xim pleev xim. txais tos hauv orchestration (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo los ntawm 1st concerto rau violin; K. Shimanovsky - concertos thiab pieces rau violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" rau violin; Z. Kodai - G. chords hauv sonata rau solo, G. violins thiab ob basses hauv "Spanish Rhapsody" los ntawm Ravel). Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm G. vlch. yog muaj nyob rau hauv 2nd ib feem ntawm lub sonata rau VC. thiab fp. DD Shostakovich: 2 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb yog G. flageolets, piv txwv li. cellos los ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov ("Hmo Hmo Ua Ntej Christmas"), VV Shcherbachev (XNUMXnd symphony), Ravel ("Daphnis thiab Chloe"), violas thiab volch. MO Steinberg ("Metamorphoses") thiab lwm yam.

G. yog cov txheej txheem thoob plaws hauv kev ua si pedal harp, qhov uas nws tau txais ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb (hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub sij hawm Italian sdrucciolando feem ntau siv). Apfic G. feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm lub suab ntawm xya chords (nrog rau cov uas ploj lawm; tsawg zaus ntawm cov suab tsis yog chords). Thaum ua si G., tag nrho cov hlua ntawm harp, nrog kev pab los ntawm restructuring ntawm lub otd. suab, muab lub suab ntawm tsuas yog cov ntawv uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug muab chord. Nrog rau kev txav mus los, G. ntawm lub harp yog ua nrog me ntsis khoov thawj tus ntiv tes, nrog kev nce siab - nrog rau qhov thib ob (ib lossis ob txhais tes hauv kev sib koom ua ke, sib txawv thiab hla kev txav ntawm tes). G. yog qee zaus siv rau ntawm gamma zoo li sequences.

G. yog siv thaum ua yeeb yam tooj liab. cov twj paj nruag - ntawm lub trombone nrog kev pab ntawm lub backstage txav (piv txwv li, lub trombone solo nyob rau hauv "Pulcinella" los ntawm IF Stravinsky), lub trumpet, ntawm percussion instruments (piv txwv li, G. pedal timpani nyob rau hauv "Music rau bowed instruments, percussion). thiab celesta” B. Bartok).

G. yog dav siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem instr. dai. (Verbunkosh style), rum. thiab pwm. suab paj nruag, nrog rau jazz. Hauv G. cov suab paj nruag, tsuas yog cov suab pib thiab zaum kawg ntawm nqe lus feem ntau yog hais, cov suab nruab nrab yog hloov los ntawm ib qho khiav ceev lossis kab wavy.