Keeb kwm ntawm oboe

Device oboe. Oboe yog ib tug woodwind music instrument. Lub npe ntawm cov cuab yeej los ntawm "haubois", uas nyob rau hauv Fabkis txhais tau tias siab, ntoo. Nws muaj cov duab ntawm lub raj ntawm cov duab conical, ntev 60 cm, muaj 3 qhov chaw: lub hauv caug sab sauv thiab qis, nrog rau lub tswb. Nws muaj lub valve uas qhib thiab kaw 24-25 qhov ua si qhov drilled nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov ntoo oboe. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv caug sab sauv muaj ob tug pas nrig (tus nplaig), lub suab generator. Thaum cua tshuab tuaj, 2 daim hlau nplaum vibrate, sawv cev rau ob tus nplaig, thiab cov huab cua hauv lub raj vibrates, ua rau lub suab. Oboe d'amore, bassoon, contrabassoon, English horn kuj muaj ob lub reed, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub clarinet nrog ib tug reed. Nws muaj ib tug nplua nuj, melodious, me ntsis nasal timbre.

Khoom siv rau oboe. Cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov oboe yog African ebony. Qee lub sij hawm cov ntoo kab txawv yog siv ("ntsuab" tsob ntoo, cocobolo). Qhov tseeb thev naus laus zis tshiab yog cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov khoom siv raws li ebony hmoov nrog ntxiv ntawm 5 feem pua ​​carbon fiber. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no yog sib dua, pheej yig dua, tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thawj oboes tau ua los ntawm cov xyoob hollow thiab reed hlab. Tom qab ntawd, beech, boxwood, pear, rosewood thiab txawm ivory tau siv los ua cov khoom siv ruaj. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, nrog kev nce ntawm cov qhov thiab cov li qub, xav tau cov khoom muaj zog. Lawv tau los ua ebony.

Qhov tshwm sim thiab evolution ntawm oboe. Cov progenitors ntawm oboe yog ntau yam khoom siv pej xeem paub rau noob neej txij thaum ub los. Ntawm cov txheej no: lub ancient Greek aulos, tibia ntawm lub Loos, Persian zurna, lub gaita. Cov cuab yeej qub tshaj plaws ntawm hom no, pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm tus huab tais Sumerian, muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 4600 xyoo. Nws yog ob lub raj nplaim, ua los ntawm ob lub raj nyiaj nrog ob lub reeds. Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub sijhawm tom ntej yog musette, cor anglais, baroque thiab baritone oboe. Shawls, krumhorns, bagpipes tshwm sim rau qhov kawg ntawm Renaissance. Oboe thiab bassoon tau ua ntej ntawm shawl thiab pommer. Oboe niaj hnub tau txais nws thawj daim ntawv nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Fabkis tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm lub shawl. Muaj tseeb, ces nws tsuas muaj 6 qhov thiab 2 li qub xwb. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, ua tsaug rau Boehm system rau woodwinds, oboe kuj tau tsim kho dua tshiab. Cov kev hloov pauv tau cuam tshuam tus naj npawb ntawm qhov thiab lub valve mechanism ntawm qhov ntsuas. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 18th, oboe tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe; tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm sau rau nws, suav nrog JS Bach, GF Handel, A. Vivaldi. Oboe siv hauv nws tej hauj lwm VA Mozart, G. Berlioz. Nyob rau hauv Russia, txij li thaum xyoo pua 18th, nws tau siv los ntawm M. Glinka, P. Tchaikovsky thiab lwm yam nto moo composers. Lub xyoo pua 18th yog suav tias yog lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm oboe.

Oboe hauv peb lub sijhawm. Niaj hnub no, ib yam li ob centuries dhau los, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam suab paj nruag yam tsis muaj lub cim timbre ntawm oboe. Nws ua raws li ib qho cuab yeej solo hauv chamber music, suab zoo nyob rau hauv ib tug symphony orchestra, inimitable nyob rau hauv ib tug cua orchestra, yog lub feem ntau nthuav cov cuab yeej ntawm pej xeem seev, nws yog siv raws li ib tug solo instrument txawm nyob rau hauv jazz. Niaj hnub no, hom oboes nrov tshaj plaws yog oboe d'amore, uas nws cov ntoo mos nyiam Bach, Strauss, Debussy; solo instrument ntawm symphony orchestra - Lus Askiv horn; qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hauv oboe tsev neeg yog musette.