Violin Keeb Kwm

Niaj hnub no, lub violin yog txuam nrog classical music. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, sophisticated zoo ntawm qhov ntsuas no tsim ib qho kev xav bohemian. Tab sis puas tau lub violin ib txwm zoo li no? Keeb kwm ntawm lub violin yuav qhia txog qhov no - nws txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv pej xeem yooj yim mus rau cov khoom txawj ntse. Kev tsim lub violin tau khaws cia tsis pub leej twg paub thiab muab tus kheej los ntawm tus tswv mus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Lub suab paj nruag lyrical, violin, plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub orchestra niaj hnub no tsis yog caij nyoog.

Violin qauv

Lub violin, raws li qhov feem ntau bowed string instrument, hu ua "queen of the orchestra" vim li cas. Thiab tsis tsuas yog lub fact tias muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas musicians nyob rau hauv ib tug loj orchestra thiab ib feem peb ntawm lawv yog violinists paub meej tias qhov no. Kev nthuav qhia, kev sov siab thiab rhiab ntawm nws cov ntoo, lub suab nrov ntawm nws lub suab, nrog rau nws txoj kev ua tau zoo heev ua rau nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, ob qho tib si hauv symphony orchestra thiab hauv kev xyaum solo.

Yog lawm, peb txhua tus xav txog qhov niaj hnub zoo li lub violin, uas tau muab rau nws los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Italian nto moo, tab sis nws keeb kwm tseem tsis meej.
Qhov teeb meem no tseem tab tom tham txog niaj hnub no. Muaj ntau ntau versions ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov cuab yeej no. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, Is Nrias teb suav tias yog qhov chaw yug ntawm cov cuab yeej bowed. Ib tug neeg qhia tias Tuam Tshoj thiab Persia. Ntau cov qauv yog raws li lub npe hu ua "qhov tseeb liab qab" los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, painting, duab puab, los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thaum ntxov paub meej tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub violin nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug xyoo, nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug thiab zoo li lub nroog. Los ntawm lwm qhov chaw, nws ua raws li ntau pua xyoo ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm violin xws li, yuav luag txhua haiv neeg haiv neeg tau muaj cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws, thiab yog li ntawd nws tsis pom zoo kom nrhiav cov hauv paus hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm violin hauv qee qhov chaw. lub ntiaj teb no.

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb xav txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov twj paj nruag xws li rebec, fiddle-zoo li guitar thiab bowed lyre, uas tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe nyob ib ncig ntawm 13th-15th centuries, raws li ib hom qauv ntawm lub violin.

Rebec yog ib tug peb-txoj hlua bowed ntsuas nrog ib tug pear-puab lub cev uas smoothly hla mus rau hauv lub caj dab. Nws muaj ib tug soundboard nrog resonator qhov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm brackets thiab ib tug thib tsib system.

Lub guitar zoo li fidel muaj, zoo li lub rebec, pear-puab, tab sis tsis muaj caj dab, nrog ib mus rau tsib txoj hlua.

Lub bowed lyre yog ze tshaj nyob rau hauv sab nrauv qauv rau lub violin, thiab lawv coincide nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tsos (kwv yees li lub xyoo pua 16th). Cov keeb kwm ntawm Lear violin muaj lub cev zoo li violin, ntawm cov ces kaum tshwm sim dhau sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, lub hauv qab convex thiab resonator qhov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm efs (f) yog tsim. Tab sis lub lyre, tsis zoo li lub violin, yog multi-stringed.

Cov lus nug ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub violin nyob rau hauv lub Slavic lub teb chaws - Russia, Ukraine thiab Poland kuj xam tau tias yog. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm icon painting, archaeological excavations. Yog li, peb-txoj hlua gensle thiab tsev pheeb suab yog ntaus nqi rau Polish bowed instruments, thiab smyki ua rau Russians. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, ib qho cuab yeej tshwm nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland, ze rau tam sim no nkauj laus ncas - violin, nyob rau hauv Russia nrog ib tug zoo xws li lub npe. - skripel ua.

Nyob rau hauv nws keeb kwm, lub violin tseem yog ib tug pej xeem seev. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, lub violin tseem yog dav siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem instrumental music. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab los ntawm D. Teniers ("Flemish Holiday"), HVE Dietrich ("Wandering Musicians") thiab ntau lwm tus. Lub violin kuj tau ua si los ntawm cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag uas mus los ntawm lub nroog mus rau lub nroog, koom nrog cov hnub so, pej xeem festivals, ua yeeb yam hauv taverns thiab taverns.

Tau ntev, lub violin tseem nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau kho nws nrog kev thuam, xav tias nws yog ib qho cuab yeej siv.

Qhov pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub niaj hnub violin

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov cuab yeej hneev taw tau pom meej: viola thiab violin.

Undoubtedly, peb txhua tus paub hais tias lub violin tau txais nws cov niaj hnub saib nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Italian masters, thiab violin ua tau pib tsim muaj zog nyob rau hauv ltalis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nkauj laus ncas niaj hnub.

Thawj thawj tus neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab Italian yog Gaspero Bertolotti: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? (los yog "da Salo" (1542-1609) thiab Giovanni Paolo Magini (1580-1632), ob qho tib si los ntawm Brescia, nyob rau sab qaum teb Ltalis. Tab sis tsis ntev Cremona tau los ua lub ntiaj teb qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim violin. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov tswv cuab ntawm lub Amati tsev neeg (Andrea Cov phoojywg - tus tsim ntawm Cremonese tsev kawm ntawv) thiab Antonio Stradivari: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? (ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Nicolò Amati, uas ua tiav qhov zoo thiab lub suab ntawm lub violin) yog suav tias yog tus kws tshaj lij tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. ntawm tsev neeg; nws zoo nkauj nkauj laus ncas tshaj Stradivari nyob rau hauv lawv warmth thiab sonority ntawm lub suab) ua kom tiav no zoo triumvirate.

Tau ntev, lub violin tau suav tias yog ib qho cuab yeej nrog (piv txwv li, hauv Fabkis nws tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev seev cev). Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, thaum suab paj nruag pib suab nyob rau hauv concert halls, puas lub violin, nrog nws unsurpassed suab, ua ib tug solo instrument.

Thaum lub violin tshwm

Thawj qhov hais txog lub violin hnub rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, hauv Ltalis. Txawm hais tias tsis yog ib qho cuab yeej ntawm cov xyoo ntawd tau khaws cia, cov kws tshawb fawb txiav txim siab raws li cov duab kos duab thiab cov ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Obviously, lub violin hloov zuj zus los ntawm lwm yam cuab yeej bowed. Cov kws sau keeb kwm ntaus nqi rau nws cov khoom siv xws li Greek lyre, Spanish fidel, Arabic rebab, British crotta, thiab txawm tias Lavxias plaub-txoj hlua nyo jig. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, daim duab kawg ntawm lub violin tau tsim, uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm ntawm violin yog Ltalis. Nws nyob ntawm no tias nws tau txais nws cov tsos zoo nkauj thiab lub suab maj mam. Tus kws tsim nkauj ua yeeb yaj kiab nto moo, Gasparo de Salo, coj kev kos duab ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab mus rau qib siab. Nws yog tus uas muab lub violin zoo li peb paub tam sim no. Cov khoom ntawm nws lub rooj cob qhia tau muaj nuj nqis heev ntawm cov nom tswv thiab tau xav tau zoo ntawm cov tsev hais plaub suab paj nruag.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, tag nrho tsev neeg, Amati, tau koom nrog kev tsim cov nkauj laus ncas. Andrea Amati tau tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv Cremonese ntawm cov neeg tsim violin thiab txhim kho cov suab paj nruag violin, muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj.

Gasparo thiab Amati raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm violin craftsmanship. Qee cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov masters nto moo tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm lub violin

Thaum xub thawj, lub violin tau suav hais tias yog ib qho cuab yeej siv pej xeem - nws tau ua si los ntawm cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag hauv taverns thiab taverns. Lub violin yog pej xeem version ntawm lub viol zoo heev, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws thiab raug nqi ntau heev. Qee lub sij hawm, cov nom tswv tau nyiam cov cuab yeej no pej xeem, thiab nws tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov pej xeem.

Yog li, xyoo 1560 tus huab tais Fabkis txoj Charles IX tau xaj 24 violins los ntawm cov tswv hauv zos. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib qho ntawm 24 cov cuab yeej no tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no, thiab suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab nto moo tshaj plaws nco txog hnub no yog Stradivari thiab Guarneri.

Antonio Stradivari yog ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Amati vim nws yug los thiab nyob hauv Cremona. Thaum xub thawj nws tau ua raws li Amati style, tab sis tom qab ntawd, tau qhib nws lub rooj cob qhia, nws pib sim. Ua tib zoo kawm cov qauv ntawm Gasparo de Salo thiab coj lawv los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim khoom ntawm nws cov khoom, Stradivari hauv 1691 tau tsim nws tus kheej hom violin, lub npe hu ua elongated - "Long Strad". Tus tswv tau siv 10 xyoo tom ntej ntawm nws lub neej ua kom zoo rau tus qauv no. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 60 xyoo, nyob rau hauv 1704, Antonio Stradivari tau nthuav tawm lub ntiaj teb nrog qhov kawg version ntawm lub violin, uas tsis muaj leej twg tseem muaj peev xwm tshaj. Niaj hnub no, txog 450 cov cuab yeej ntawm tus tswv nto moo tau khaws cia.

Andrea Guarneri kuj yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Amati, thiab kuj coj nws tus kheej sau ntawv mus ua violin. Nws nrhiav tau tag nrho cov dynasty ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv lub xyoo pua 17th thiab 18th. Guarneri ua tau zoo heev, tab sis pheej yig violins, uas nws nto moo. Nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv, Bartolomeo Guarneri (Giuseppe), tus tswv Italian ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tsim cov cuab yeej txawj ua si los ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj hu nkauj zoo heev - Nicolo Paganini thiab lwm tus. Kwv yees li 250 lub cuab yeej ntawm tsev neeg Guarneri tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Thaum muab piv cov nkauj ntawm Guarneri thiab Stradivari, nws tau sau tseg tias lub suab ntawm Guarneri cov twj paj nruag yog ze rau hauv timbre rau mezzo-soprano, thiab Stradivari's mus rau soprano.

Nkauj instrumental violin

Lub suab ntawm lub violin yog melodic thiab soulful. Kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm lub violin qhia peb tias nws hloov los ntawm ib qho cuab yeej nrog rau hauv ib qho solo. Violin yog ib hom suab paj nruag uas muaj suab nrov. Lub suab ntawm lub violin feem ntau yog piv rau tib neeg lub suab, nws muaj kev xav zoo li no rau cov neeg mloog.

Thawj zaj nkauj hu ua "Romanescaperviolinosolo e basso" tau sau los ntawm Biagio Marina hauv 1620. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sijhawm no, lub violin pib vam meej - nws tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb, tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv orchestras. Arcangelo Corelli tau suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm kev ua yeeb yam violin.