Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm hom: tonic, subdominant thiab dominant
txheem
Muaj peb theem tshwj xeeb hauv qhov loj lossis me me - thawj, plaub thiab thib tsib. Cov kauj ruam no suav hais tias yog cov tseem ceeb, thiab lawv tseem hu ua ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb: thawj yog hu ua tonic, plaub yog tus subdominant, thiab thib tsib yog tus tseem ceeb.
Hauv qhov loj, cov kauj ruam no yog luv nrog cov tsiaj ntawv loj T, S thiab D. Hauv me, lawv sau nrog tib cov tsiaj ntawv, tsuas yog tus tsiaj ntawv me xwb: t, s thiab d.
Piv txwv li, hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm C loj, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb no yuav yog lub suab DO (tonic), FA (subdominant) thiab SALT (dominant). Hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm D me, lub tonic yog lub suab RE, lub subdominant yog lub suab S, thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog lub suab LA.
EXERCISE: txiav txim siab cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov yuam sij ntawm A loj, B-paj loj, E minor, F minor. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias txhua tus yuam sij muaj nws tus kheej cov cim tseem ceeb - ntse thiab flats, thiab lawv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum koj sau lub suab sib raug rau qhov xav tau qib.
Qhia cov lus teb:
- Ib tug loj - tonality nrog peb sharps (fa, ua, sol), raws li lub literal designation - A-dur. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog LA (T), RE (S), MI (D).
- Lub tonality ntawm B-flat loj yog tiaj tus (B-dur), nws muaj ob lub cim (B-paj thiab E-flat). Tonic – suab SI-FLAT, subdominant – MI-FLAT, dominant – FA.
- E minor (e-moll) - gamma nrog ib tug ntse (f-sharp). Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm no yog lub suab MI (t), LA (s) thiab SI (d).
- Thaum kawg, F minor (f-moll) yog qhov ntsuas nrog plaub lub tiaj tus (si, mi, la, re). Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog FA (t), B-flat (s) thiab DO (d).
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Vim li cas cov theem no hu ua cov tseem ceeb?
Lub suab sib haum xeeb tau muab faib, raws li nws tau, ua peb pawg, lossis, muab tso rau lwm txoj kev, lawv muab faib ua peb pawg. Txhua pab pawg ntawm cov suab ua nws txoj haujlwm nruj me ntsis, uas yog, lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho kev ua suab paj nruag.
Tonic, subdominant thiab dominant yog "cov thawj coj" lossis "tus thawj coj" ntawm peb pawg no. Peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas txhua tus tswvcuab ntawm txhua pab pawg yog tias peb tsim lub triad ntawm txhua kauj ruam tseem ceeb - thawj, plaub lossis thib tsib.
Yog tias, piv txwv li, peb tsim cov triads uas peb xav tau hauv C loj, peb yuav tau txais cov hauv qab no: triad los ntawm tonic - DO, MI, SOL; triad los ntawm subdominant - FA, LA, DO; triad los ntawm cov tseem ceeb - SOL, SI, RE. Tam sim no cia saib seb cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb tau suav nrog hauv txhua pab pawg.
Yog li, cov tonic "pab pawg" lossis, ntau dua, cov pab pawg tonic suav nrog cov thawj, thib peb thiab thib tsib. Tej zaum koj yuav nco ntsoov tias cov kauj ruam no tseem hu ua cov kauj ruam txhawb nqa thiab ua ke ua ib qho tonic triad.
Hauv pawg subdominant lossis hauv pab pawg subdominant muaj xws li cov kauj ruam: plaub, thib rau thiab thawj. Qhov triad no yuav hu ua subdominant. Los ntawm txoj kev, tej zaum koj yuav tau pom tias thawj kauj ruam yog suav nrog nyob rau hauv ob pawg ib zaug - nyob rau hauv lub tonic (nws yog tus thawj coj nyob rau ntawd) thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug subdominant. Qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob, tsuas yog theem no yog bifunctional (dual), uas yog, nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv ua ib lub luag haujlwm lossis lwm qhov, nyob ntawm qhov chaw uas nws nyob.
Peb yuav suav nrog qib thib tsib, xya thiab thib ob hauv pawg thawj coj. Lub triad ntawm cov lus txib no tseem hu ua triad tseem ceeb. Thiab nws kuj muaj ib tug bifunctional kauj ruam - lub thib tsib, uas yog, tus tseem ceeb nws tus kheej, uas muaj peev xwm ob leeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws cov pab pawg neeg thiab pab cov tonic, nyob ntawm seb dab tsi tus composer sau rau nws.
Cov triads ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas peb tau tsim yog hu ua lub ntsiab triads ntawm hom. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov suab ntawm tonality. Thiab lwm qhov nthuav tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv yog tias hauv cov yuam sij loj lub ntsiab triads yog loj, uas yog, loj; hauv cov yuam sij me lawv yog me me, uas yog, me. Yog li, lub ntsiab triads tsis tsuas yog mloog zoo rau lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm tonality nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, tab sis kuj zoo kawg nkaus characterize nws hom - loj los yog me.
Cov pab pawg thiab cov kauj ruam no ua haujlwm li cas?
tonic ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm stability, tranquility. Tonic triad suab yog tsim los xaus ib zaj nkauj lossis ib daim rau qee qhov ntsuas. Qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev, vim tias yog tsis muaj nws peb yuav tsis nkag siab tias txoj haujlwm tau dhau los, thiab qhov kawg tau los txog, peb yuav tau zaum ntxiv hauv lub tsev hais plaub, tos kom txuas ntxiv mus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tonic ib txwm txo qhov nro uas los ntawm lwm yam haujlwm.
Rau lub subdominant tuaj yeem hu ua lub cav ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag. Nws siv yog ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev txav mus los, nrog rau kev tawm ntawm lub tonic. Feem ntau, kev hloov mus rau lwm cov yuam sij, uas yog, kev hloov pauv, yog ua los ntawm cov subdominant. Tsiv raws lub suab ntawm lub subdominant accumulates nro.
Txaus siab - lub zog uas yog opposite rau lub subdominant. Nws kuj tseem yog lub xov tooj ntawm tes, tab sis nws qhov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, nws ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav heev uas qhov "tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev tawm", qhov kev daws teeb meem ceev yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Yog li, yog hais tias tus subdominant coj peb deb ntawm lub tonic txhua lub sijhawm, ces tus tseem ceeb, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ua rau nws.
Lwm cov kauj ruam hu ua dab tsi?
Tag nrho lwm theem, uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsiab, yog hu ua theem nrab. Cov no yog lub suab thib ob, thib peb, thib rau thiab xya hauv qhov teev. Thiab yog, lawv kuj muaj lawv tus kheej lub npe tshwj xeeb.
Cia peb pib nrog cov kauj ruam uas ze tshaj plaws rau tonic. Qhov no yog xya thiab thib ob. Lawv hu ua kev taw qhia cov kauj ruam. Qhov tseeb yog tias lawv tsis ruaj tsis khov, thiab tau kos heev rau tonic, raws li txoj cai, lawv tau daws rau hauv nws thiab yog li ntawd, raws li nws tau, qhia peb txog lub suab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tonality, ua haujlwm zoo li tus neeg xyuas pib. Lub xya theem yog hu ua lub suab introductory qis, thiab lub thib ob - lub sab sauv introductory.
Cov kauj ruam thib peb thiab thib rau yog hu ua cov neeg kho kom haum xeeb. Los ntawm cov lus Latin lo lus "media" yog txhais ua "middle". Cov kauj ruam no yog qhov sib txuas nruab nrab, ib qho nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev los ntawm tonic mus rau qhov tseem ceeb los yog mus rau lub subdominant. Cov kauj ruam thib peb yog hu ua qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab (siv li M), thiab thib rau yog hu ua qis nruab nrab lossis submediant (nws lub ntsiab lus yog Sm).
Paub txog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb thiab lawv txoj haujlwm, nrog rau lub tswv yim ntawm yuav ua li cas cov kauj ruam sab suab, pab ntau heev rau kev taw qhia tus yuam sij - kom hnov cov chords tsim, ntu ntu hauv nws, xaiv qhov sib txuas sai sai, tsim cov ntsiab lus thiab cov dynamics. thaum ua haujlwm.
Thaum kawg, kuv xav rov kos koj cov xim rau qhov tseeb tias cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb thiab cov kauj ruam ruaj khov yog qhov sib txawv. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog thawj, plaub, thib tsib, thiab qhov ruaj khov yog thawj, thib peb thiab thib tsib. Sim tsis txhob nkim lawv!
Video: yuav ua li cas cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov yuam sij ntawm C loj thiab A me
Koj Yuav Tsis tas li ntawd Xav
Medieval frets
Scale, octaves thiab sau ntawv
