Medieval frets

Me ntsis keeb kwm.

Suab paj nruag, zoo li lwm yam kev tshawb fawb, tsis nyob twj ywm, nws tsim. Cov suab paj nruag ntawm peb lub sijhawm yog qhov txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag yav dhau los, tsis yog "los ntawm pob ntseg", tab sis kuj hais txog cov qauv siv. Tam sim no peb muaj dab tsi ntawm tes? Loj loj, me... puas muaj lwm yam uas sib npaug? Tsis yog? Kev nplua nuj ntawm kev lag luam suab paj nruag, yooj yim rau hnov, coj qhov me me mus rau qhov ua ntej. Vim li cas? Hom no yog haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab pob ntseg, thiab lawv siv nws. Yuav ua li cas yog Western music? Hom loj yeej muaj - nws nyob ze rau lawv. Okay, yog li ntawd. Yuav ua li cas yog oriental melody? Peb coj tus me, peb "muab" qhov loj rau cov neeg sab hnub poob, tab sis dab tsi yog siv rau sab hnub tuaj? Lawv muaj xim zoo nkauj heev, tsis txhob totaub nrog dab tsi. Cia peb sim ua daim ntawv qhia nram qab no: coj cov nplai loj thiab qis dua qib thib 2 los ntawm ib nrab kauj ruam. Cov. nruab nrab ntawm I thiab II cov kauj ruam peb tau txais ib nrab lub suab, thiab ntawm theem II thiab III - ib thiab ib nrab tones. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv, nco ntsoov mloog nws:

Daim duab 1. Txo theem II

Saum C sau ntawv hauv ob qho kev ntsuas, kab wavy yog vibrato (kom ua tiav cov nyhuv). Koj puas hnov ​​oriental tunes? Thiab tsuas yog cov kauj ruam thib ob yog qis dua.

Medieval frets

lawv kuj yog hom tsev teev ntuj, lawv kuj yog hom Gregorian, lawv sawv cev rau kev hloov ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm C-loj loj. Txhua qhov kev ntxhov siab muaj yim kauj ruam. Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm cov kauj ruam thawj thiab zaum kawg yog octave. Txhua hom muaj tsuas yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb, piv txwv li tsis muaj kev huam yuaj. Cov qauv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov vib nas this vim qhov tseeb tias txhua hom pib nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm C loj. Piv txwv li: hom Ionian pib nrog daim ntawv "rau" thiab sawv cev rau C loj; hom Aeolian pib nrog daim ntawv "A" thiab yog A me.

Thaum pib (IV xyoo pua) muaj plaub qhov kev xav: los ntawm daim ntawv "re" mus rau "re", los ntawm "mi" mus rau "mi", los ntawm "fa" mus rau "fa" thiab los ntawm "sol" mus rau "sol". Cov qauv no tau hu ua thawj, thib ob, thib peb thiab thib plaub. Tus sau ntawm cov frets: Ambrose ntawm Milan. Cov hom no yog hu ua "cov qhabnias", uas txhais tau tias "hauv paus" hom.

Txhua qhov fret muaj ob lub tetrachords. Thawj tetrachord pib nrog lub tonic, lub thib ob tetrachord pib nrog cov tseem ceeb. Txhua lub frets muaj ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb "qhov kawg" (qhov no yog "Finalis", hais txog nws qis me ntsis), uas xaus cov nkauj.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 6, Pope Gregory lub Great ntxiv 4 frets ntxiv. Nws frets tau qis dua cov qhabnias los ntawm qhov zoo thib plaub thiab tau hu ua "plagal", uas txhais tau hais tias "derivative" frets. Plagal hom tau tsim los ntawm kev hloov lub sab sauv tetrachord cia ib qho octave. Qhov kawg ntawm hom plagal tseem yog qhov kawg ntawm nws qhov tseeb hom. Lub npe ntawm hom plagal yog tsim los ntawm lub npe ntawm hom tseeb nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm "Hypo" mus rau qhov pib ntawm lo lus.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog Pope Gregory lub Great uas tau qhia txog tsab ntawv sau ntawv.

Cia peb nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no siv rau lub koom txoos hom:

• Finalis. Lub suab nrov ntawm hom, lub suab kawg. Tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog tonic, txawm tias lawv zoo sib xws. Lub finalis tsis yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov ntawv tseem tshuav ntawm hom, tab sis thaum lub suab paj nruag xaus rau nws, nws pom tau zoo ib yam li tonic. Qhov kawg zoo dua hu ua "lub suab kawg".
• Repercus. Qhov no yog qhov kev txhawb nqa thib ob ntawm lub suab paj nruag (tom qab Finalis). Lub suab no, yam ntxwv ntawm hom no, yog lub suab ntawm kev rov ua dua. Txhais los ntawm Latin li "reflected sound".
• Ambitus. Qhov no yog lub caij nyoog los ntawm lub suab qis tshaj ntawm hom mus rau lub suab siab tshaj plaws ntawm hom. Qhia qhov "volume" ntawm kev ntxhov siab.

Lub rooj ntawm pawg ntseeg frets

Nws nrog

Txhua lub koom txoos hom muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Nws hu ua "ethos". Piv txwv li, hom Dorian tau ua tus yam ntxwv zoo, majestic, loj. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm pawg ntseeg hom: nro, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus muaj zog yog zam; eminence, calmness yog nyob rau hauv. Lub tsev teev ntuj suab paj nruag yuav tsum tau cais tawm ntawm txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb no, nws yuav tsum nyob twj ywm thiab txhawb siab tus ntsuj plig. Muaj txawm tias muaj kev sib tw ntawm Dorian, Phrygian thiab Lydian hom, ua pagan. Lawv tawm tsam romantic (wailing) thiab "coddled" hom, uas nqa debauchery, ua irreparable puas tsuaj rau tus ntsuj plig.

Qhov xwm ntawm cov frets

Dab tsi yog qhov nthuav: muaj cov yeeb yuj piav qhia ntawm hom! Qhov no yog qhov nthuav tiag tiag. Cia peb tig mus rau cov lus piav qhia rau phau ntawv los ntawm Livanova T. "History of Western European Music mus txog 1789 (Middle Ages)," tshooj "Suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog". Quotes yog muab nyob rau hauv lub rooj rau cov hom ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog (8 frets):

Frets ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog ntawm lub stave

Peb qhia qhov chaw ntawm cov ntawv sau rau ntawm stave rau txhua qhov fret. Repercussion notation: , finalis notation: .

Medieval frets ntawm ib tug niaj hnub stave

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv medieval tuaj yeem pom hauv qee daim ntawv ntawm lub stave niaj hnub. Cov hauv qab no tau hais los saum toj no: Medieval "hom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov vib nas this vim qhov tseeb tias txhua tus qauv pib nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm C loj. Piv txwv li: hom Ionian pib nrog daim ntawv "rau" thiab sawv cev rau C loj; hom Aeolian pib nrog daim ntawv "A" thiab yog A-me. Nov yog qhov peb yuav siv.

Xav txog C loj. Peb hloov pauv 8 daim ntawv los ntawm qhov ntsuas no hauv ib octave, txhua zaus pib los ntawm kauj ruam tom ntej. Ua ntej ntawm theem I, tom qab ntawd los ntawm theem II, thiab lwm yam:

tau

Koj plunged rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig thiab nthuav! Suab paj nruag txoj kev xav, raws li koj tau pom, siv los sib txawv ntawm cov niaj hnub. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, tau kawg, tsis yog txhua yam ntawm Medieval suab paj nruag raug suav tias yog (comma, piv txwv li), tab sis qee qhov kev xav yuav tsum tau tsim.

Tej zaum peb yuav rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm Medieval suab paj nruag, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lwm cov khoom. Cov kab lus no, peb ntseeg, yog overloaded nrog cov ntaub ntawv, thiab peb tawm tsam cov khoom loj.