Piano: ntsuas muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov ntev, keeb kwm, suab, nthuav tseeb

Piano (hauv Italian – pianino) – yog ib hom piano, nws me dua version. Qhov no yog ib txoj hlua-keyboard, sensual suab paj nruas ntsuas, qhov ntau ntawm uas yog 88 tones. Siv los ua suab paj nruag hauv qhov chaw me me.

Tsim thiab muaj nuj nqi

Plaub lub ntsiab mechanisms uas ua rau tus tsim yog lub percussion thiab keyboard mechanisms, lub pedal mechanisms, lub cev, thiab lub suab apparatus.

Lub nraub qaum ntoo ntawm "lub cev", tiv thaiv tag nrho cov txheej txheem sab hauv, muab lub zog - futor. Nyob rau hauv nws yog ib tug peg board ua los ntawm maple los yog beech - virbelbank. Pegs yog tsav mus rau hauv nws thiab cov hlua yog stretched.

Piano lawj - ib daim ntaub thaiv, txog 1 cm tuab los ntawm ob peb spruce boards. Hais txog lub suab kaw lus, txuas rau pem hauv ntej ntawm futor, resonates vibrations. Qhov ntev ntawm lub piano nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus xov thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub soundboard.

Ib tug cam khwb cia hlau ncej yog screwed rau saum, ua rau lub piano hnyav hnyav. Qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm lub piano ncav cuag 200 kg.

Cov keyboard yog nyob rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, me ntsis thawb rau pem hauv ntej, npog nrog lub pob zeb nrog lub suab paj nruag sawv ntsug (sawv rau suab paj nruag). Nias cov phiaj nrog koj cov ntiv tes hloov lub zog mus rau hammers, uas ntaus cov hlua thiab rho tawm cov ntawv. Thaum tus ntiv tes raug tshem tawm, lub motif yog silenced los ntawm damper.

Lub damper system yog ua ke nrog cov hammers thiab nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw ruaj khov.

Hlau threads qhwv nyob rau hauv tooj liab maj stretch thaum lub sij hawm ua si. Txhawm rau kho lawv elasticity, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus tswv tsim nyog.

Lub piano muaj pes tsawg tus yuam sij

Feem ntau tsuas muaj 88 tus yuam sij, ntawm 52 yog dawb, 36 yog dub, txawm hais tias tus lej ntawm cov yuam sij hauv qee lub piano sib txawv. Lub npe dawb sib raug rau 7 sau ntawv hauv kev txiav txim. Cov txheej no rov ua dua thoob plaws tag nrho cov keyboard. Qhov deb ntawm ib daim ntawv C mus rau lwm qhov yog octave. Cov yawm sij dub muaj npe nyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw txheeb ze rau dawb: ntawm sab xis - ntse, sab laug - tiaj tus.

Qhov loj ntawm cov yuam sij dawb yog 23mm * 145mm, cov yawm sij dub yog 9mm * 85mm.

Cov khoom ntxiv yog xav tau los rho tawm lub suab ntawm "choir" ntawm cov hlua (txog 3 zaug ib nias).

Dab tsi yog piano pedals rau?

Tus qauv ntsuas muaj peb lub pedals, tag nrho cov uas txhawb cov nkauj nrog kev xav:

• Sab laug ua rau nthwv dej tsis muaj zog. Cov hammers txav mus ze rau ntawm cov xov, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv, qhov ntev yuav me me, lub tshuab tsis muaj zog.
• Txoj cai yog siv ua ntej los yog tom qab nias cov ntaub ntawv, nws tsa cov dampers, tag nrho cov hlua qhib tag nrho, lawv tuaj yeem suab ib txhij. Qhov no muab ib qho txawv xim rau lub suab paj nruag.
• Qhov nruab nrab ib qho muffles lub suab, tso ib txheej mos ntawm cov hlua thiab hammers, tso cai rau koj mus ua si txawm tias tsaus ntuj, nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm los cuam tshuam cov neeg tsis paub. Qee cov cuab yeej muab lub mount tshem tawm ko taw.

Feem ntau muaj cov twj paj nruag nrog ob lub pedals. Thaum lub sij hawm ua si, lawv raug nias nrog nres. Qhov no yooj yim dua li cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm clavichord: tshwj xeeb levers txav lub hauv caug.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub piano

1397 - thawj tus hais nyob rau hauv ltalis ntawm ib tug harpsichord nrog ib tug plucked txoj kev ntawm extracting sib npaug zos suab nrov. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov suab paj nruag.

Los ntawm 15 mus rau 18th centuries, percussion-clamping clavichords tshwm sim. Lub ntim tau hloov kho raws li qhov nyuaj npaum li cas tus yuam sij raug nias. Tab sis lub suab faded sai.

Thaum ntxov xyoo pua 18th - Bartolomeo Cristofori tau tsim lub tshuab ntawm lub piano niaj hnub.

1800 – J. Hawkins tsim thawj lub piano.

1801 – M. Muller tsim tib lub suab paj nruag thiab tuaj nrog pedals.

Thaum kawg, nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th - lub cuab yeej siv rau qhov zoo nkauj classic. Txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom me ntsis hloov cov qauv sab hauv, tab sis lub tswv yim tseem ceeb tseem zoo ib yam.

Piano qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab hom

4 pawg tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

• Tsev (acoustic / digital). Qhov hnyav kwv yees li 300 kg, qhov siab 130 cm.
• Txee. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm qhov loj. Qhov hnyav 200 kg, 1 m siab.
• Salon. Qhov hnyav 350 kg, qhov siab 140 cm. Ua ib qho kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm sab hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov chav kawm, cov chav me me, tsev noj mov, ntau qhov chaw lom zem.
• Kev hais kwv txhiaj. Nyhav 500 kg. Qhov siab 130 cm, ntev 150 cm. Studios thiab orchestras txaus siab rau lawv rau lawv cov yeeb yuj ntim ntawm timbre.

Qhov tseeb nthuav: cov qauv loj tshaj plaws hnyav dua 1 tuj, nws qhov ntev yog 3,3 meters.

Hom nrov tshaj plaws yog txee. Qhov dav yog ntsuas los ntawm cov keyboard, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 150 cm. Nws zoo nkaus li compact.

Cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm lub piano thiab lub piano loj yog qhov tom kawg yog siv hauv cov chav loj vim tias qhov ntim ntawm nws lub suab thiab qhov zoo nkauj tag nrho qhov ntev, tsis zoo li lub piano siv hauv cov tsev nyob. Lub mechanisms sab hauv ntawm lub piano yog ntsia vertically, nws yog siab dua, nws yog ntsia ze ntawm phab ntsa.

Nto moo composers thiab pianists

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau pib tsim kev txawj ntse nrog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos, txhawm rau txhim kho lub xibtes dav. Nws pab ua kom txawj ua si. Feem ntau pianists yog cov kws sau ntawv ntawm lawv cov haujlwm. Nws tsis tshua muaj peev xwm los ua tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag ua tau zoo los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lwm tus neeg.

1732 - Lodovico Giustini sau lub ntiaj teb thawj sonata tshwj xeeb rau piano.

Ib tus neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm suab paj nruag hauv ntiaj teb yog Ludwig van Beethoven. Nws sau ua haujlwm rau piano, piano concertos, violin, cello. Thaum sau, nws siv tag nrho cov npe uas twb muaj lawm.

Frederic Chopin yog tus kws sau nkauj zoo nkauj los ntawm Poland. Nws tej hauj lwm yog tsim rau kev ua yeeb yam solo, tshwj xeeb tsim tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog txhua yam. Cov neeg mloog ntawm Chopin's concertos tau sau tseg qhov txawv txav ntawm qhov kov ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txhais tes ntawm cov yuam sij.

Franz Liszt - Chopin tus neeg sib tw, tshuab raj, tus kws qhia ntawv los ntawm Hungary. Nws tau muab ntau tshaj 1000 qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo 1850, tom qab ntawd nws tawm mus thiab mob siab rau nws lub neej rau lwm qhov laj thawj.

Johann Sebastian Bach tau sau ntau dua 1000 ua haujlwm hauv txhua hom tshwj tsis yog ua yeeb yam. Qhov tseeb nthuav: London Bach (raws li tus neeg sau hu ua) tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev, tsawg dua 10 ntawm txhua qhov tsim tau luam tawm.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, raws li ib tug me nyuam, sai sai mastered kev txawj ntse, thiab raws li ib tug tub hluas nws twb ua si zoo li ib tug neeg laus. Lub hlwb ntawm Peter Ilyich yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv suab paj nruag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Sergei Rachmaninov muaj peev xwm ncab nws txhais tes yuav luag 2 octaves. Etudes tau muaj txoj sia nyob, lees paub qhov kev paub ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, nws txhawb kev nyiam romantic ntawm xyoo pua 19th.

Kev mob siab rau suab paj nruag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub hlwb thiab lub siab. Nws excites lub tswv yim, ua rau koj tshee hnyo.