Carl Millöcker |

Carl Millöcker

Millöcker yog tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Austrian operetta lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ib tug zoo connoisseur ntawm lub ua yeeb yam, txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lub tshwj xeeb ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, nws, txawm hais tias tsis muaj cov txuj ci tseem ceeb, tau tsim ib tug ntawm cov pinnacles ntawm lub Austrian operetta - "Tus tub txib Beggar", nyob rau hauv uas nws masterfully siv Viennese seev cev rhythms thiab nkauj. melodic tig. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws tsis tau tsim tej hauj lwm tseem ceeb ua ntej thiab tom qab tus tub txib Beggar, ua tsaug rau qhov no ib tug operetta, Millöker deservedly nkag mus rau hauv qeb ntawm classics ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Offenbach's satirical nta feem ntau yog txawv teb chaws rau tus kws sau ntawv. Nws tsuas yog tus kws sau nkauj xwb, thiab nws cov haujlwm feem ntau yog lom zem ua yeeb yam nrog Viennese suab paj nruag intonations, nrog rau txhua hnub thiab cov yam ntxwv. Hauv nws cov suab paj nruag, cov suab paj nruag ntawm waltz, lub peb hlis ntuj, pej xeem Austrian suab paj nruag suab.

Carl Millöcker Yug Lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1842 hauv Vienna, hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws ua haujlwm kub. Nws tau txais nws kev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Vienna Society of Friends of Music. Nyob rau hauv 1858, nws pib nws cov suab paj nruas hauj lwm raws li ib tug flutist nyob rau hauv ib tug ua yeeb yam orchestra. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus tub hluas pib sau nyob rau hauv ntau yam, los ntawm lub suab miniatures mus rau loj symphonic tej hauj lwm. Ua tsaug rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm Suppe, uas tau mloog zoo rau cov neeg muaj peev xwm ntaus suab paj nruag, thaum muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum-ob, nws tau txais qhov chaw ua yeeb yam bandmaster hauv Graz. Nyob ntawd nws thawj zaug tig mus rau operetta, tsim ob qho kev ua yeeb yam - "The Dead Guest" thiab "Ob Knitters".

Txij li thaum xyoo 1866, nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm An der Wien Theatre, thiab xyoo 1868 nws tau ua nws thawj zaug hauv lub nroog nrog rau qhov thib peb ib-txoj cai operetta The Chaste Diana, sau raws li qhov tseeb ntawm Offenbach. Tom qab ntawd, nws thawj zaug puv hmo operetta, Lub Island of Women, yog staged ntawm Deutsches Theatre hauv Budapest, uas lub hwj chim ntawm Suppe yog palpable. Cov kev ua yeeb yam tsis ua tiav, thiab Millöcker, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm An der Wien Theatre txij li xyoo 1869, hloov mus rau lub sijhawm ntev los tsim cov nkauj nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 70s, nws rov tig mus rau lub operetta. Ib qho tom qab ntawd, Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Enchanted (1878), Lub Countess Dubarry (1879), Apayun (1880), Tus Maid ntawm Belleville (1881) tshwm sim, uas ua rau nws nrov. Cov hauj lwm tom ntej - "Cov Tub Ntxhais Tub Ceev Xwm" (1882) - muab Milloker nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm operetta. Txoj hauj lwm no yog ua raws li Tus Pov Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm, Gasparon (ob leeg 1881), Vice Admiral (1886), Lub Xya Swabians (1887), Poor Jonathan (1890), Kev Hnia (1894), "Northern Lights" (1896). Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tuaj yeem nce mus rau qib "Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Tsis Zoo", txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj cov suab paj nruag sib txawv thiab nthuav. Ntawm cov no, tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau nkauj, uas ua raws lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 1899 hauv Vienna, qhov kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws "Young Heidelberg" tau muab tso ua ke.

Ntxiv nrog rau ntau lub operettas thiab cov suab paj nruag thaum ntxov thiab orchestral opuses, Millöker cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim muaj xws li ballets, piano pieces thiab ntau cov suab paj nruag rau vaudeville thiab comedies.

L. Mikheeva, A. Orelovich