Mikhail Mikhailovich Ippolitov-Ivanov |

Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov

Thaum koj xav txog lub Soviet composers ntawm cov laus tiam, uas M. Ippolitov-Ivanov koom, koj yog involuntarily xav tsis thoob ntawm versatility ntawm lawv muaj tswv yim kev ua si. Thiab N. Myaskovsky, thiab R. Glier, thiab M. Gnesin, thiab Ippolitov-Ivanov nquag pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab lub Great Lub kaum hli ntuj Socialist kiv puag ncig.

Ippolitov-Ivanov tau ntsib Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj zoo li tus neeg paub tab, paub tab thiab ua suab paj nruag. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, nws yog tus creator ntawm tsib operas, ib tug xov tooj ntawm symphonic tej hauj lwm, ntawm cov Caucasian Sketches tau dav paub, thiab kuj yog tus sau ntawm nthuav choirs thiab romances uas pom tau zoo heev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm F. Chaliapin, A. Nezhdanova. , N. Kalinina, V Petrova-Zvantseva thiab lwm tus. Txoj kev muaj tswv yim ntawm Ippolitov-Ivanov pib hauv 1882 hauv Tiflis, qhov chaw uas nws tuaj txog tom qab kawm tiav ntawm St. Petersburg Conservatory (chav kawm ntawm N. Rimsky-Korsakov) los npaj Tiflis ceg ntawm RMS. Lub sijhawm xyoo no, tus kws sau nkauj hluas mob siab rau ntau lub zog los ua haujlwm (nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam), qhia hauv tsev kawm suab paj nruag, thiab tsim nws thawj zaug. Ippolitov-Ivanov thawj qhov kev sim sau ua ke (operas Ruth, Azra, Caucasian Sketches) twb pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov style tag nrho: suab paj nruag melodiousness, lyricism, gravitation ntawm cov ntawv me. Lub amazing kev zoo nkauj ntawm Georgia, pej xeem rituals delight lub Lavxias teb sab tshuab raj. Nws nyiam Georgian lus dab neeg, sau cov suab paj nruag pej xeem hauv Kakheti xyoo 1883, thiab kawm txog lawv.

Nyob rau hauv 1893, Ippolitov-Ivanov los ua ib tug xib fwb nyob rau hauv Moscow Conservatory, qhov twg nyob rau hauv ntau lub xyoo ntau zoo-paub musicians kawm muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog nws (S. Vasilenko, R. Glier, N. Golovanov, A. Goldenweiser, L. Nikolaev, Yu. Engel thiab lwm tus). Lub lem ntawm XIX-XX centuries. Ippolitov-Ivanov pib ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib ntawm lub Moscow Lavxias teb sab Private Opera. Nyob rau theem ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam, ua tsaug rau qhov rhiab heev thiab suab paj nruag ntawm Ippolitov-Ivanov, P. Tchaikovsky's operas Lub Enchantress, Mazepa, Cherevichki, uas tsis ua tiav nyob rau hauv productions ntawm lub Bolshoi Theatre, tau "rehabilitated". Nws kuj tau ua thawj qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov's operas (Tus Tsar's Bride, Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tsar Saltan, Kashchei lub Immortal).

Xyoo 1906, Ippolitov-Ivanov tau los ua thawj tus thawj coj ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Nyob rau hauv lub pre-revolutionary xyoo caum, cov kev ua ub ntawm Ippolitov-Ivanov, tus thawj coj ntawm lub rooj sib tham symphonic RMS thiab concerts ntawm Lavxias teb sab Choral Society, unfolded, lub crown ntawm uas yog thawj zaug ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Moscow rau lub peb hlis ntuj 9, 1913 ntawm JS. Bach's Matthew Passion. Qhov ntau ntawm nws nyiam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Soviet yog txawv txawv. Nyob rau hauv 1918, Ippolitov-Ivanov raug xaiv tsa thawj Soviet rector ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Nws mus rau Tiflis ob zaug los txhim kho Tiflis Conservatory, yog tus thawj coj ntawm Bolshoi Theatre hauv Moscow, coj chav ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow Conservatory, thiab siv sijhawm ntau los ua haujlwm nrog pab pawg neeg nyiam ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, Ippolitov-Ivanov tsim lub npe nrov "Voroshilov Lub Peb Hlis", hais txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm M. Mussorgsky - nws orchestrates rau theem ntawm St. Basil's (Boris Godunov), ua tiav "Kev Sib Yuav"; composes lub Opera The Last Barricade (ib zaj lus los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Paris Commune).

Ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm xyoo tas los no yog 3 symphonic suites ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg ntawm Soviet East: "Turkic fragments", "In the steppes of Turkmenistan", "Musical pictures of Uzbekistan". Kev ua haujlwm ntau yam ntawm Ippolitov-Ivanov yog ib qho piv txwv qhia txog kev pabcuam tsis txaus siab rau lub tebchaws suab paj nruag.

N. Sokolov

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam - Ntawm lub wreath rau Pushkin (cov me nyuam Opera, 1881), Ruth (tom qab AK Tolstoy, 1887, Tbilisi Opera House), Azra (raws li Moorish lus dab neeg, 1890, ibid.), Asya (tom qab IS Turgenev, 1900, Moscow Solodovni. Theatre), Treason (1910, Zimin Opera House, Moscow), Ole los ntawm Norland (1916, Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow), Kev Sib Yuav (ua 2-4 rau kev ua yeeb yam tsis tiav los ntawm MP Mussorgsky, 1931, Xov tooj cua Theatre, Moscow), Qhov Kawg Barricade (1933); cantata hauv nco txog Pushkin (c. 1880); rau orchestra - symphony (1907), Caucasian sketches (1894), Iveria (1895), Turkic fragments (1925), Nyob rau hauv lub steppes ntawm Turkmenistan (c. 1932), Suab paj nruas duab ntawm Uzbekistan, Catalan suite (1934), symphonic paj huam 1917, c. 1919, Mtsyri, 1924), Yar-Khmel Overture, Symphonic Scherzo (1881), Armenian Rhapsody (1895), Turkic Lub Peb Hlis, Los Ntawm Cov Nkauj Ossian (1925), Rov los ntawm Lub Neej ntawm Schubert (1928), Jubilee Lub Peb Hlis (dawb rau K. E Voroshilov, 1931); rau balalaika nrog orc. - fantasy Ntawm kev sib sau (c. 1931); chamber instrumental ensembles - piano quartet (1893), hlua quartet (1896), 4 daim rau Armenian pej xeem. cov ntsiab lus rau hlua quartet (1933), Yav tsaus ntuj hauv Georgia (rau harp nrog woodwind quartet 1934); rau piano - 5 daim me me (1900), 22 oriental suab paj nruag (1934); rau violin thiab piano - sonata (c. 1880), Romantic ballad; rau cello thiab piano - Kev lees paub (c. 1900); rau hu nkauj thiab orchestra – 5 tus yam ntxwv duab (c. 1900), Hymn to Labor (nrog symphony and spirit. orc., 1934); ntau tshaj 100 romances thiab nkauj rau lub suab thiab piano; tshaj 60 ua haujlwm rau cov suab paj nruag thiab hu nkauj; suab paj nruag rau kev ua si "Ermak Timofeevich" los ntawm Goncharov, c. 1901); suab paj nruag rau zaj duab xis "Karabugaz" (1934).

Literary tej hauj lwm: Georgian pej xeem zaj nkauj thiab nws lub xeev tam sim no, "Artist", M., 1895, No 45 (muaj ib qho kev luam tawm); Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm chords, lawv kev tsim kho thiab kev daws teeb meem, M., 1897; 50 xyoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv kuv nco, M., 1934; Tham txog kev hloov suab paj nruag hauv qaib ntxhw, “SM”, 1934, No 12; Ob peb lo lus hais txog tsev kawm ntawv hu nkauj, “SM”, 1935, No 2.