Frederic Chopin |

Frederic Chopin

Paub tsis meej, dab ntxwg nyoog, poj niam, ua siab loj, tsis nkag siab, txhua tus nkag siab txog kev tu siab Chopin. S. Richter

Raws li A. Rubinstein, "Chopin yog ib tug bard, rhapsodist, ntsuj plig, tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub piano." Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Chopin lub suab paj nruag yog txuas nrog lub piano: nws quivering, refinement, "singing" ntawm tag nrho cov kev ntxhib los mos thiab kev sib haum xeeb, enveloping lub suab paj nruag nrog ib tug iridescent airy "dhau". Tag nrho cov multicoloredness ntawm lub ntiaj teb no romantic saib, txhua yam uas feem ntau yuav tsum tau monumental compositions (symphonies los yog operas) rau nws embodiment, tau qhia los ntawm tus zoo Polish composer thiab pianist nyob rau hauv piano music (Chopin muaj tsawg heev ua hauj lwm nrog kev koom tes ntawm lwm yam twj paj nruag, tib neeg lub suab. los yog orchestra). Qhov sib txawv thiab txawm tias qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev nyiam romantic hauv Chopin tau hloov mus rau qhov sib haum xeeb siab tshaj plaws: kev kub ntxhov siab, nce siab "kub" - thiab cov logic nruj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, intimate tsis pub leej twg paub ntawm cov nkauj - thiab lub tswv yim ntawm symphonic scales, artistry, coj mus rau aristocratic sophistication, thiab lwm yam. rau nws - qhov purity primordial ntawm "cov duab pej xeem." Feem ntau, lub originality ntawm Polish folklore (nws hom, suab paj nruag, rhythms) permeated tag nrho cov suab paj nruag ntawm Chopin, uas tau los ua lub suab paj nruag classic ntawm Poland.

Chopin yug los ze Warsaw, nyob rau hauv Zhelyazova Wola, qhov chaw uas nws txiv, ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv Fabkis, ua hauj lwm ua ib tug kws qhia tsev nyob rau hauv ib tug suav tsev neeg. Tsis ntev tom qab yug los ntawm Fryderyk, tsev neeg Chopin tsiv mus rau Warsaw. Phenomenal suab paj nruas txuj ci manifests nws tus kheej twb nyob rau hauv thaum yau, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo tus tub sau nws thawj ua hauj lwm (polonaise), thiab nyob rau hauv 7 nws ua ib tug pianist thawj zaug. Chopin tau txais kev kawm dav dav ntawm Lyceum, nws kuj tau kawm piano los ntawm V. Zhivny. Kev tsim cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag tau ua tiav ntawm Warsaw Conservatory (1826-29) raws li kev coj ntawm J. Elsner. Chopin lub peev xwm tau tshwm sim tsis yog hauv suab paj nruag xwb: txij thaum yau nws tau sau paj huam, ua yeeb yam hauv tsev, thiab kos tau zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd ntawm nws lub neej, Chopin khaws lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib tug caricaturist: nws muaj peev xwm kos los yog txawm depict ib tug neeg nrog lub ntsej muag qhia nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas txhua leej txhua tus unmistakably lees paub tus neeg no.

Lub neej ua yeeb yam ntawm Warsaw tau muab ntau qhov kev xav rau cov neeg pib suab paj nruag. Italian thiab Polish lub teb chaws opera, ncig saib ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam loj (N. Paganini, J. Hummel) tau tshoov siab Chopin, qhib lub qab ntug tshiab rau nws. Feem ntau thaum lub caij ntuj sov so, Fryderyk tau mus xyuas nws cov phooj ywg lub teb chaws cov cuab yeej cuab tam, qhov chaw uas nws tsis tsuas yog mloog cov suab paj nruag hauv zos, tab sis qee zaum nws tus kheej ua si qee yam cuab yeej. Chopin thawj qhov kev sim sau tau yog poeticized seev cev ntawm lub neej Polonaise (polonaise, mazurka), waltzes, thiab nocturnes - tej yam me me ntawm lub suab paj nruag-kev xav. Nws kuj tig mus rau ib hom ntawv uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub repertoire ntawm lub ces virtuoso pianists - concert variations, fantasies, rondos. Cov khoom siv rau tej hauj lwm no yog, raws li txoj cai, cov ntsiab lus los ntawm nrov operas los yog pej xeem Polish suab paj nruag. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntsiab lus los ntawm WA Mozart's opera "Don Giovanni" tau ntsib nrog cov lus teb los ntawm R. Schumann, uas tau sau ib tsab xov xwm zoo siab txog lawv. Schumann kuj muaj cov lus hauv qab no: "... Yog tias tus neeg txawj ntse zoo li Mozart yug hauv peb lub sijhawm, nws yuav sau concertos zoo li Chopin dua Mozart." 2 concertos (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv E me) yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Chopin txoj haujlwm thaum ntxov, uas qhia txog txhua yam ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ua yeeb yam ntawm nees nkaum-xyoo-laus composer. Cov nkauj zoo nkauj, zoo ib yam li Lavxias teb sab romance ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm kev tsim txiaj thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav zoo li lub ntsiab lus zoo li haiv neeg. Mozart cov ntaub ntawv zoo meej yog imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm romanticism.

Thaum mus ncig xyuas Vienna thiab lub nroog ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Chopin tau dhau los ntawm cov xov xwm ntawm kev swb ntawm Polish uprising (1830-31). Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Poland tau dhau los ua qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm tus kheej, nrog rau kev tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lawv lub tebchaws (Chopin yog ib tus phooj ywg ntawm qee tus neeg koom nrog kev ywj pheej txav). Raws li B. Asafiev tau sau tseg, "kev sib tsoo uas txhawj xeeb nws tau tsom mus rau ntau theem ntawm kev hlub languor thiab ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm kev poob siab hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev tuag ntawm leej txiv." Txij no mus, txoj kev ua yeeb yam nkag mus rau hauv nws lub suab paj nruag (Ballad hauv G me, Scherzo hauv B me, Etude hauv C me, feem ntau hu ua "Revolutionary"). Schumann sau tias "...Chopin tau qhia tus ntsuj plig ntawm Beethoven rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub." Cov ballad thiab scherzo yog ib hom tshiab rau cov suab paj nruag piano. Ballads tau hu ua cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws romances ntawm kev piav qhia-ua yeeb yam xwm txheej; rau Chopin, cov no yog cov hauj lwm loj ntawm ib hom paj huam (sau nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov ballads ntawm A. Mickiewicz thiab Polish dumas). Lub scherzo (feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm lub voj voog) kuj tau rov xav dua - tam sim no nws tau pib muaj nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv ywj pheej (tsis yog txhua tus comic, tab sis ntau zaus - cov ntsiab lus ntawm dab ntxwg nyoog).

Chopin lub neej tom ntej txuas nrog Paris, qhov chaw nws xaus rau xyoo 1831. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, Chopin ntsib cov neeg ua yeeb yam los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws Europe: composers G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, N. Paganini, V. Bellini, J. Meyerbeer, pianist F. Kalkbrenner, kws sau ntawv G. Heine, A. Mickiewicz, George Sand, tus kws kos duab E. Delacroix, uas tau pleev xim rau tus kws sau ntawv. Paris nyob rau hauv lub 30s XIX caug xyoo - ib tug ntawm cov chaw ntawm tshiab, romantic art, asserted nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam kev kawm. Raws li Liszt, "Chopin qhib siab koom nrog cov qib ntawm Romantics, txawm li cas los xij sau lub npe ntawm Mozart ntawm nws daim chij." Tseeb, txawm li cas los Chopin mus nyob rau hauv nws innovation (txawm tias Schumann thiab Liszt yeej tsis to taub nws!), nws txoj hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm ntawm ib tug organic kev loj hlob ntawm kev lig kev cai, nws, raws li nws yog, tej yam yees siv transformation. Cov mlom ntawm Polish romantic yog Mozart thiab, tshwj xeeb, JS Bach. Chopin feem ntau tsis pom zoo rau cov nkauj tam sim no. Tej zaum, nws classicically nruj, refined saj, uas tsis tso cai rau tej yam hnyav, rudeness thiab extremities ntawm kev qhia, cuam tshuam rau ntawm no. Nrog rau tag nrho cov secular sociability thiab friendliness, nws tau txwv tsis pub thiab tsis nyiam qhib nws lub ntiaj teb sab hauv. Yog li ntawd, hais txog suab paj nruag, hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, nws hais tsis tshua muaj thiab sparingly, feem ntau disguised raws li ib co hom lus tso dag.

Nyob rau hauv etudes tsim nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm Parisian lub neej, Chopin muab nws kev nkag siab ntawm virtuosity (raws li opposed to the art of fashionable pianists) raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ua hauj lwm los qhia cov ntsiab lus artistic thiab yog inseparable ntawm nws. Chopin nws tus kheej, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tshua muaj kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj, nyiam lub chamber, zoo dua qhov chaw zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev so rau lub tsev loj. Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab kev tshaj tawm suab paj nruag tsis muaj, thiab Chopin raug yuam kom muab cov lus qhia piano. Thaum kawg ntawm 30s. Chopin ua tiav lub voj voog ntawm preludes, uas tau dhau los ua ib phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm romanticism, qhia txog kev sib tsoo tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv lub preludes, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws daim, ib tug tshwj xeeb "density", ib tug concentration ntawm kev qhia, yog tiav. Thiab dua peb pom ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus cwj pwm tshiab rau hom ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag thaum ub, lub prelude yeej ib txwm yog ib qho kev qhia rau qee yam haujlwm. Nrog Chopin, qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv nws tus kheej, tib lub sij hawm khaws qee qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm aphorism thiab "improvisational" txoj kev ywj pheej, uas yog qhov zoo sib xws nrog lub ntiaj teb kev xav. Lub voj voog ntawm preludes xaus rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Mallorca, qhov twg Chopin tau mus ncig ua ke nrog George Sand (1838) los txhim kho nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, Chopin tau taug kev los ntawm Paris mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees (1834-1836), qhov chaw nws tau ntsib Mendelssohn thiab Schumann, thiab pom nws niam nws txiv hauv Carlsbad, thiab mus rau Askiv (1837).

Xyoo 1840, Chopin tau sau qhov thib ob Sonata hauv B tiaj tus me, yog ib qho ntawm nws txoj kev tu siab tshaj plaws. Qhov thib 3 - "Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj Kev Pam Tuag" - tseem yog lub cim ntawm kev quaj ntsuag rau hnub no. Lwm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb suav nrog ballads (4), scherzos (4), Fantasia hauv F minor, Barcarolle, Cello thiab Piano Sonata. Tab sis tsis muaj tsawg tseem ceeb rau Chopin yog cov hom ntawm romantic me me; muaj cov tshiab nocturnes (tag nrho txog 20), polonaises (16), waltzes (17), impromptu (4). Tus composer txoj kev hlub tshwj xeeb yog mazurka. Chopin's 52 mazurkas, poeticizing lub intonations ntawm Polish seev cev (mazur, kujawiak, oberek), los ua ib tug lyrical lees txim, tus composer lub "chaw muag mis nyuj", ib qho kev qhia ntawm feem ntau intimate. Nws tsis yog coincidence tias qhov kawg ua hauj lwm ntawm "piano poet" yog lub mournful F-me mazurka op. 68, No. 4 - daim duab ntawm thaj chaw nyob deb, tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Chopin tag nrho cov hauj lwm yog qhov thib peb Sonata nyob rau hauv B me (1844), nyob rau hauv uas, nyob rau hauv uas, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam hauj lwm tom qab, lub brilliance thiab xim ntawm lub suab yog txhim khu kev qha. Tus kws sau paj huam tsis zoo tsim suab paj nruag tag nrho ntawm lub teeb, muaj kev txaus siab ecstatic sib koom ua ke nrog xwm.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Chopin tau ua ib qho kev ncig xyuas tseem ceeb ntawm Askiv thiab Scotland (1848), uas, zoo li kev tawg ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog George Sand uas ua ntej nws, thaum kawg ua rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Chopin cov suab paj nruag yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thaum nws cuam tshuam ntau tus neeg sau ntawm cov tiam tom ntej: los ntawm F. Liszt mus rau K. Debussy thiab K. Szymanowski. Lavxias teb sab tshuab raj A. Rubinshtein, A. Lyadov, A. Skryabin, S. Rachmaninov muaj kev xav tshwj xeeb, "kwv tij" rau nws. Chopin txoj kev kos duab tau dhau los ua ib qho tshwj xeeb rau peb, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev nyiam romantic thiab kev ua siab tawv, tag nrho ntawm kev tawm tsam, sib zog rau nws.

K. Zenkin

Hauv 30s thiab 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag tau txhawb nqa los ntawm peb qhov kev ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb uas tuaj ntawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Nrog rau kev muaj tswv yim ntawm Chopin, Glinka, Liszt, nplooj ntawv tshiab tau qhib hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag.

Rau tag nrho lawv cov artistic originality, nrog ib tug pom txawv txawv nyob rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm lawv cov kos duab, peb composers no koom siab los ntawm ib tug ntau yam keeb kwm lub hom phiaj. Lawv yog cov thawj coj ntawm qhov kev txav no rau kev tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub suab paj nruag-European kab lis kev cai ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 30 (thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX). Thaum lub sij hawm ob thiab ib nrab xyoo pua uas ua raws li lub Renaissance, lub ntiaj teb no-class suab paj nruas creativity tsim yuav luag tsuas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lub teb chaws chaw. Tag nrho cov kev kos duab tseem ceeb uas ntws mus rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm lub suab paj nruag-European tuaj ntawm Ltalis, Fabkis thiab Austro-German cov thawj coj. Txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth, hegemony nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no suab paj nruag koom undividedly rau lawv. Thiab mam li nco dheev, pib los ntawm XNUMXs, nyob rau ntawm "ib puag ncig" ntawm Central Europe, ib qho tom qab, cov tsev kawm kos duab loj tau tshwm sim, koom nrog cov kab lis kev cai hauv tebchaws uas txog tam sim no tsis tau nkag mus rau "txoj kev siab" ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tag nrho, los yog tso nws ntev dhau los. thiab nyob twj ywm hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo tau ntev.

Cov tsev kawm ntawv tshiab hauv tebchaws no - ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab (uas sai li sai tau yog tias tsis yog thawj zaug, tom qab ntawd ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb suab paj nruag), Polish, Czech, Hungarian, tom qab ntawd Norwegian, Mev, Finnish, Lus Askiv thiab lwm tus - tau hu rau ncuav ib tug tshiab kwj mus rau hauv ancient kab lig kev cai ntawm European suab paj nruag. Lawv tau qhib qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshiab rau nws, rov ua dua tshiab thiab txhawb nqa nws cov peev txheej nthuav dav. Daim duab ntawm yias-European suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX yog inconceivable yam uas tsis muaj tshiab, sai sai lub teb chaws cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Tus tsim ntawm qhov kev txav no yog peb tus sau npe saum toj saud uas tau nkag mus rau lub ntiaj teb theem tib lub sijhawm. Qhia txog txoj hauv kev tshiab hauv lub lauj kaub-European kev kos duab, cov kws ua yeeb yam no tau ua cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lawv cov kab lis kev cai hauv tebchaws, qhia txog tam sim no tsis paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov neeg. Kos duab rau ntawm qhov ntsuas xws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm Chopin, Glinka lossis Liszt tuaj yeem tsim tsuas yog hauv cov av npaj hauv tebchaws, paub tab raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov kab lis kev cai qub thiab tsim sab ntsuj plig, nws tus kheej cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag, uas tsis tau tas mus li nws tus kheej, thiab tsis tu ncua. lus dab neeg. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov qauv kev tshaj lij ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov tseem "tseem ceeb" cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov teb chaws ntawm Eastern Europe hauv nws tus kheej ua rau muaj kev xav zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis kev sib txuas ntawm Chopin, Glinka, Liszt nrog cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lawv lub teb chaws, ntawm chav kawm, tsis xaus rau ntawd. Lub hom phiaj, kev ntshaw thiab kev txom nyem ntawm lawv cov neeg, lawv lub siab lub ntsws pleev, lub keeb kwm tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv artistic lub neej thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej - tag nrho cov no, tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li kev cia siab rau cov suab paj nruag folklore, txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tswv yim style ntawm cov artist. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm Fryderyk Chopin yog qhov zoo li lub cim ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg Polish. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus composer siv feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej muaj tswv yim sab nraum nws lub teb chaws, txawm li cas los, nws yog destined mus ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab, feem ntau lees paub cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm nws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no mus txog rau thaum peb. sij hawm. Tus kws sau nkauj no, uas nws lub suab paj nruag tau nkag mus rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm txhua tus neeg kab lis kev cai, tau pom tias feem ntau yog tus tub ntawm cov neeg Polish.

Chopin lub suab paj nruag tam sim ntawd tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb. Ua tus kws sau nkauj romantic, coj kev tawm tsam rau ib qho kev kos duab tshiab, xav hauv nws ib tus neeg zoo li lub siab. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog ib txwm muaj thiab organically suav nrog hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tiam. (Cia peb nco qab tsis tsuas yog Schumann cov lus tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj yog nws "Carnival", qhov twg Chopin tshwm ua ib qho ntawm "Davidsbündlers".) Cov ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm nws cov duab kos duab, tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws tam sim no romantic-dreamy, tam sim no tawg heev heev refraction, Kev tawm tsam lub siab tawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag (thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev sib haum xeeb) cov lus, kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv - tag nrho cov no tau hais txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm Schumann, Berlioz, Liszt, Mendelssohn. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Chopin cov duab kos duab tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov zoo nkauj originality uas txawv nws ntawm tag nrho nws cov kev kawm. Tau kawg, Chopin lub originality los ntawm lub teb chaws-Polish keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm, uas nws contemporaries tam sim ntawd xav. Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem npaum li cas lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Slavic kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm Chopin lub style, nws tsis yog tsuas yog qhov no uas nws tshuav rau nws tiag tiag amazing originality, Chopin, zoo li tsis muaj lwm yam composer, muaj kev tswj los ua ke thiab fuse ua ke artistic phenomena uas thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. zoo li yog kev sib koom ua ke. Ib tug tuaj yeem hais txog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Chopin txoj kev muaj tswv yim yog tias nws tsis tau sib koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb, tus kheej, tsis tshua muaj siab ntseeg style, raws li ntau haiv neeg, qee zaum txawm tias huab cua tam sim no.

Yog li, ntawm chav kawm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws feature ntawm Chopin txoj hauj lwm yog nws enormous, tam sim ntawd accessibility. Puas yog nws yooj yim mus nrhiav lwm tus kws sau nkauj uas nws cov suab paj nruag tuaj yeem sib tw Chopin's hauv nws lub zog tam sim ntawd thiab tob tob ntawm lub hwj chim? Ntau lab tus tib neeg tuaj rau cov suab paj nruag tshaj lij "los ntawm Chopin", ntau lwm tus uas tsis txaus siab rau kev tsim suab paj nruag feem ntau, txawm li cas los xij pom Chopin "lo lus" nrog lub siab xav. Tsuas yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm lwm tus kws sau nkauj - piv txwv li, Beethoven's Fifth Symphony lossis Pathétique Sonata, Tchaikovsky's Sixth Symphony lossis Schubert's "Unfinished" - tuaj yeem sib piv nrog cov ntxim nyiam loj heev ntawm txhua Chopin bar. Txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm tus composer lub neej, nws cov suab paj nruag tsis tas yuav tawm tsam nws txoj kev rau cov neeg tuaj saib, kov yeej lub hlwb tsis kam ntawm ib tug neeg saib xyuas - txoj hmoo uas tag nrho cov siab tawv innovators ntawm lub kaum cuaj-xyoo pua Western European composers tau qhia. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, Chopin yog nyob ze rau cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv tshiab hauv tebchaws-kev ywj pheej (tsim feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua) dua li niaj hnub Western European romantics.

Lub caij no, nws txoj haujlwm yog tib lub sijhawm tawm tsam hauv nws txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws ywj pheej cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov yeeb yam uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab txhawb nqa rau txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tebchaws-kev ywj pheej tsev kawm ntawv - opera, kev sib hlub txhua hnub thiab kev ua suab paj nruag symphonic - yog qhov tsis tuaj ntawm Chopin cov cuab yeej cuab tam lossis nyob hauv qhov chaw thib ob hauv nws.

Kev npau suav ntawm kev tsim lub teb chaws opera, uas txhawb nqa lwm tus neeg sau ntawv Polish - Chopin cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg kawm - tsis tau tshwm sim hauv nws daim duab. Chopin tsis nyiam ua suab paj nruag. Symphonic suab paj nruag feem ntau, thiab cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb, tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv nws kiag li. ntau yam ntawm nws txoj kev nyiam. Cov nkauj tsim los ntawm Chopin yog ib qho kev txaus siab, tab sis lawv nyob hauv txoj haujlwm thib ob hauv kev sib piv nrog tag nrho nws cov haujlwm. Nws cov suab paj nruag yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau "lub hom phiaj" kev yooj yim, "ethnographic" ci ntsa iab ntawm style, tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev kos duab ntawm lub teb chaws-kev ywj pheej tsev kawm ntawv. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv mazurkas, Chopin sawv sib nrug los ntawm Moniuszko, Smetana, Dvorak, Glinka thiab lwm yam composers uas kuj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm pej xeem los yog niaj hnub seev cev. Thiab nyob rau hauv mazurkas, nws suab paj nruag yog saturated nrog lub paj hlwb artistry, uas sab ntsuj plig refinement uas distinguishes txhua txhua txoj kev xav nws qhia.

Chopin lub suab paj nruag yog quintessence ntawm refinement nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus, elegance, finely polished zoo nkauj. Tab sis nws puas tuaj yeem tsis lees paub tias daim duab no, uas yog sab nraud ntawm lub tsev noj mov aristocratic, subjugates cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg coob coob ntawm ntau txhiab tus thiab nqa lawv nrog tsis muaj zog tsawg dua li muab rau tus neeg hais lus zoo lossis cov neeg nyiam?

Lub "salonness" ntawm Chopin lub suab paj nruag yog nws sab, uas zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv kev sib cav sib ceg nrog cov duab muaj tswv yim dav dav ntawm tus kws sau nkauj. Chopin txoj kev sib txuas nrog lub salon yog indisputable thiab pom tseeb. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas nyob rau xyoo pua XNUMX uas qhov kev txhais lus nqaim ntawm Chopin lub suab paj nruag tau yug los, uas, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ciaj sia nyob hauv lub xeev, tau khaws cia hauv qee qhov chaw nyob rau sab hnub poob txawm nyob rau xyoo pua XNUMX. Raws li ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam, Chopin tsis nyiam thiab ntshai ntawm qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj, hauv lub neej nws tau tsiv mus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw aristocratic, thiab qhov chaw zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev so secular invariably tshoov siab thiab tshoov siab rau nws. Qhov twg, yog tias tsis nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev so secular, ib tug yuav tsum nrhiav lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub inimitable refinement ntawm Chopin tus style? Lub ci ntsa iab thiab "luxurious" kev zoo nkauj ntawm virtuosity yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsis muaj flashy acting teebmeem, kuj originated tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub chamber teeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug xaiv aristocratic ib puag ncig.

Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, Chopin txoj hauj lwm yog tag nrho antipode ntawm salonism. Superficiality ntawm txoj kev xav, tsis tseeb, tsis yog virtuosity, posturing, hais txog lub elegance ntawm daim ntawv ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm qhov tob thiab cov ntsiab lus - cov yam ntxwv ntawm secular salonism yog kiag li txawv teb chaws rau Chopin. Txawm hais tias qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev qhia, Chopin cov lus ib txwm imbued nrog qhov hnyav, saturated nrog lub hwj chim loj ntawm kev xav thiab kev xav tias lawv tsuas tsis zoo siab, tab sis feem ntau poob siab rau cov mloog. Kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev xav ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag yog qhov zoo heev uas nyob rau sab hnub poob nws txawm muab piv nrog cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias - Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Tolstoy, ntseeg tias nrog rau lawv nws qhia qhov tob ntawm "Slavic ntsuj plig".

Cia peb nco txog ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntxiv ntawm Chopin. Tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm cov txuj ci txawj ntse, uas tau tso lub cim sib sib zog nqus ntawm kev txhim kho lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag, xav txog hauv nws txoj haujlwm ntau yam ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab, pom tias nws muaj peev xwm qhia tau nws tus kheej tag nrho los ntawm kev sau ntawv pianistic ib leeg. Tsis muaj lwm tus kws sau nkauj, xws li Chopin cov thawj coj lossis cov thwjtim, txwv nws tus kheej nkaus xwb, zoo li nws, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov suab paj nruag piano (ua haujlwm tsim los ntawm Chopin tsis yog rau lub piano nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis tseem ceeb hauv nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim uas lawv tsis hloov daim duab li. ib tag nrho).

Txawm hais tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub piano zoo npaum li cas hauv Western European suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, txawm tias qhov khoom plig zoo npaum li cas tau them rau nws los ntawm txhua tus thawj coj ntawm Western European composers pib nrog Beethoven, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv, suav nrog txawm tias tus pianist zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws. xyoo pua, Franz Liszt, tsis txaus siab rau nws txoj kev muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, Chopin qhov kev cog lus tshwj xeeb rau cov suab paj nruag piano yuav ua rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev nqaim. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog qhov kev txom nyem ntawm cov tswv yim uas tso cai rau nws txaus siab rau lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho cuab yeej. Tau ingeniously nkag siab tag nrho cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub piano, Chopin muaj peev xwm mus infinitely nthuav cov artistic ciam teb ntawm no ntsuas thiab muab nws ib tug tag nrho-encompassing tseem ceeb uas tsis tau pom dua ua ntej.

Chopin qhov kev tshawb pom hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv piano tsis yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav hauv kev ua suab paj nruag symphonic lossis operatic. Yog hais tias virtuoso kab lig kev cai ntawm pop pianism tiv thaiv Weber los ntawm kev nrhiav ib tug tshiab muaj tswv yim style, uas nws pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam; Yog hais tias Beethoven lub piano sonatas, rau tag nrho lawv cov kev kos duab loj loj, tau mus kom ze rau qhov siab tshaj qhov muaj tswv yim zoo ntawm tus kws tshaj lij symphonist; Yog hais tias Liszt, tau mus txog muaj tswv yim loj hlob, yuav luag tso tseg kev sau rau piano, mob siab rau nws tus kheej feem ntau rau kev ua haujlwm symphonic; Txawm hais tias Schumann, uas tau pom nws tus kheej zoo tshaj plaws ua tus ntaus piano, them tribute rau qhov ntsuas no tsuas yog ib xyoo caum, ces rau Chopin, piano suab paj nruag yog txhua yam. Nws yog ob qho tib si tus kws sau ntawv lub chaw sim muaj tswv yim thiab thaj chaw uas nws qhov kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim. Nws yog ob qho tib si ib daim ntawv lees paub ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab virtuoso thiab ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm qhov kev xav tob tshaj plaws. Ntawm no, nrog kev ua tiav zoo kawg thiab muaj tswv yim zoo kawg nkaus, ob qho tib si "sensual" cov yeeb yuj thiab xim sab ntawm lub suab thiab cov logic ntawm cov suab paj nruag loj tau pom zoo nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm European suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX, Chopin tau daws nyob rau hauv nws lub piano ua hauj lwm nrog ntau dua artistic persuasiveness, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau dua qhov ua tiav los ntawm lwm cov composers nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm symphonic ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Qhov zoo li tsis sib xws kuj tuaj yeem pom thaum tham txog "lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb" ntawm Chopin txoj haujlwm.

Leej twg yog Chopin - ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam hauv teb chaws thiab pej xeem, qhuas txog keeb kwm, lub neej, kos duab ntawm nws lub teb chaws thiab nws cov neeg, los yog ib tug romantic, immersed nyob rau hauv intimate kev paub thiab perceiving lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv ib tug lyrical refraction? Thiab ob sab kawg ntawm lub suab paj nruag zoo nkauj ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX tau ua ke nrog nws hauv kev sib haum xeeb.

Tau kawg, lub ntsiab muaj tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm Chopin yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub tebchaws. Cov duab ntawm Poland - cov duab ntawm nws lub sijhawm zoo kawg nkaus, cov duab ntawm lub teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv, niaj hnub Polish lub neej, lub suab ntawm pej xeem seev cev thiab nkauj - tag nrho cov no dhau los ntawm Chopin txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib txoj hlua tsis kawg, tsim nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Nrog rau qhov kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg, Chopin tuaj yeem hloov pauv lub ntsiab lus no, yam tsis muaj nws txoj haujlwm tam sim ntawd poob tag nrho nws tus kheej, kev nplua nuj thiab lub zog ua yeeb yam. Hauv qee qhov kev nkag siab, nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua tus kws kos duab ntawm "monothematic" warehouse. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias Schumann, uas yog tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag rhiab heev, tam sim ntawd txaus siab rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov siab lees txim ntawm Chopin txoj haujlwm, hu nws cov haujlwm " phom zais hauv paj."

"… Yog tias tus huab tais muaj hwj chim muaj hwj chim nyob ntawd, nyob rau sab qaum teb, paub tias tus yeeb ncuab txaus ntshai dab tsi rau nws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Chopin, hauv cov suab nkauj yooj yim ntawm nws mazurkas, nws yuav txwv cov suab paj nruag ..." - tus kws sau ntawv German sau.

Thiab, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsos ntawm no "cov neeg hu nkauj", nyob rau hauv tus yam ntxwv uas nws hu nkauj ntawm lub greatness ntawm nws lub teb chaws, muaj ib yam dab tsi sib sib zog nqus mus rau lub zoo nkauj ntawm niaj hnub Western romantic lyricists. Chopin txoj kev xav thiab kev xav txog Poland tau hnav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "kev npau suav tsis muaj kev hlub". Qhov nyuaj (thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm Chopin thiab nws contemporaries yuav luag tsis muaj kev cia siab) txoj hmoo ntawm Poland tau muab nws txoj kev xav rau nws lub teb chaws ob qho tib si lub cim ntawm ib tug mob siab rau ib tug unattainable zoo tagnrho thiab ib tug ntxoov ntxoo ntawm exaggerated qhuas qhuas nws zoo nkauj yav dhau los. Rau Western European romantics, qhov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam grey lub neej niaj hnub, tawm tsam lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag ntawm "philistines thiab tub lag luam" tau qhia nyob rau hauv kev xav rau lub ntiaj teb uas tsis muaj qhov zoo nkauj ntawm kev npau suav (rau "xiav paj" ntawm German kws sau paj lug Novalis, rau "lub teeb tsis pom kev, tsis pom los ntawm leej twg hauv av lossis hauv hiav txwv" los ntawm lus Askiv romantic Wordsworth, raws li lub ntiaj teb tej yam yees siv ntawm Oberon hauv Weber thiab Mendelssohn, raws li tus dab zoo heev ntawm tus hlub tsis tuaj yeem hauv Berlioz, thiab lwm yam). Rau Chopin, "kev npau suav zoo nkauj" thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej yog npau suav ntawm Tebchaws Poland dawb. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tsis muaj frankly enchanting, otherworldly, fairy-taleas-zoo heev motifs, yog li tus yam ntxwv ntawm Western European romantics feem ntau. Txawm tias cov dluab ntawm nws cov ballads, tshwm sim los ntawm cov romantic ballads ntawm Mickiewicz, tsis muaj ib qho kev pom tseeb ntawm zaj dab neeg zoo nkauj.

Chopin cov dluab ntawm kev ntshaw rau lub ntiaj teb tsis kawg ntawm kev zoo nkauj tau tshwm sim lawv tus kheej tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txaus siab rau lub ntiaj teb ghostly ntawm kev npau suav, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug unquenchable homesickness.

Qhov tseeb hais tias txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum Chopin raug yuam kom nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws txawv teb chaws, uas yuav luag nees nkaum xyoo tom ntej nws ko taw yeej tsis tau taw rau Polish av, inevitably ntxiv dag zog rau nws romantic thiab dreamy cwj pwm rau txhua yam kev cob cog rua nrog lub teb chaws. Hauv nws txoj kev xav, Poland tau dhau los ua qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv ntxhib ntawm kev muaj tiag thiab pom tau los ntawm qhov prism ntawm lyrical kev paub. Txawm tias "cov duab ib hom ntawv" uas pom nyob rau hauv nws mazurkas, los yog yuav luag programmatic dluab ntawm artistic processions nyob rau hauv polonaises, los yog lub broad ua yeeb yam canvases ntawm nws ballads, tshwm sim los ntawm epic paj huam ntawm Mickiewicz - tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, tib yam li purely. Psychology sketches, yog txhais los ntawm Chopin sab nraum lub hom phiaj "tangibility". Cov no yog cov kev nco zoo tshaj plaws lossis kev npau suav zoo siab, cov no yog kev tu siab zoo nkauj lossis kev tawm tsam mob siab rau, cov no yog kev pom sai sai lossis kev ntseeg siab. Tias yog vim li cas Chopin, txawm hais tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm nrog ib hom ntawv, txhua hnub, pej xeem suab paj nruag ntawm Poland, nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws thiab keeb kwm, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tus kws sau ntawv ntawm hom hom phiaj, epic lossis theatrical-dramatic warehouse, tab sis. raws li ib tug lyricist thiab dreamer. Tias yog vim li cas cov patriotic thiab revolutionary motifs uas tsim cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm tsis embodied nyob rau hauv lub opera ib hom ntawv nyeem, txuam nrog lub hom phiaj realism ntawm lub ua yeeb yam, los yog nyob rau hauv zaj nkauj, raws li nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg kab lis kev cai. Nws yog cov suab paj nruag piano uas zoo sib xws rau lub tsev khaws khoom puas siab puas ntsws ntawm Chopin txoj kev xav, uas nws tus kheej tau tshawb pom thiab tsim cov cib fim loj heev rau kev nthuav tawm cov duab ntawm kev npau suav thiab kev zoo siab.

Tsis muaj lwm tus kws sau nkauj, mus txog rau peb lub sijhawm, tau dhau lub suab paj nruag ntawm Chopin lub suab paj nruag. Nrog rau txhua yam kev xav - los ntawm melancholy ntawm "lub hli" mus rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam tawg ntawm kev mob siab rau lossis kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj - Chopin cov lus yeej ib txwm imbued nrog siab paj huam. Tej zaum nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm pej xeem lub hauv paus ntawm Chopin lub suab paj nruag, nws cov av hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv nrog kev tshoov siab poetic incomparable thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj uas piav qhia txog nws qhov chaw loj heev. Txog rau hnub no, nws tau pom tias yog lub cim ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm paj huam hauv suab paj nruag.

* * *

Chopin qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag tom ntej yog qhov zoo thiab ntau yam. Nws cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog lub sphere ntawm pianism, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm suab paj nruas lus (lub siab nyiam emancipate kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm diatonicity), thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm suab paj nruas daim ntawv (Chopin, nyob rau hauv essence, yog thawj zaug nyob rau hauv instrumental suab paj nruag). tsim ib daim ntawv dawb ntawm romantics), thiab thaum kawg - hauv kev zoo nkauj. Lub fusion ntawm lub teb chaws-av lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua tiav los ntawm nws nrog cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws tshaj lij niaj hnub no tseem tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem rau cov kws sau ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws-kev ywj pheej tsev kawm ntawv.

Chopin txoj kev nyob ze rau txoj kev tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 1894 tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub siab txaus siab ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm, uas tau hais los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub suab paj nruas xav ntawm Russia (Glinka, Serov, Stasov, Balakirev). Balakirev tau pib qhib lub monument rau Chopin hauv Zhelyazova Vola hauv XNUMX. Ib tus neeg txhais lus zoo ntawm Chopin lub suab paj nruag yog Anton Rubinstein.

V. Konen

Cov khoom xyaw:

rau piano thiab orchestra:

concerts - No. 1 e-moll op. 11 (1830) thiab no. 2 f-mob. 21 (1829), variations ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Mozart's Opera Don Giovanni op. 2 (“Muab koj txhais tes rau kuv, kev zoo nkauj” – “La ci darem la mano”, 1827), rondo-krakowiak F-dur op. 14, Fantasy ntawm Polish Ntsiab Lus A-dur op. 13 (1829), Andante spianato thiab polonaise Es-dur op. 22 (1830-32);

chamber instrumental ensembles:

Sonata rau piano thiab cello g-moll op. 65 (1846), variations for flute and piano on a theme from Rossini's Cinderella (1830?), introduction and polonaise for piano and cello C-dur op. 3 (1829), Loj concert duet rau piano thiab cello ntawm lub ntsiab lus los ntawm Meyerbeer's Robert the Devil, nrog O. Franchomme (1832?), piano trio g-moll op. 8 (1828);

rau piano:

sonatas c loj op. 4 (1828), ib. 35 (1839), ib. 58 (1844), kev hais kwv txhiaj Allegro A-dur op. 46 (1840-41), fantasy in f minor op. 49 (1841), ib. 4 ballad - G minor op. 23 (1831-35), F major op. 38 (1839), Ib. 47 (1841), hauv F minor op. 52 (1842), ib. 4 xav -B minor op. 20 (1832), IB minor op. 31 (1837), C sharp minor op. 39 (1839), ib. 54 (1842), ib. 4 ua imm -As-dur op. 29 (1837), Nr. 36 (1839), Ges-dur op. 51 (1842), fantasy-impromptu cis-moll op. 66 (1834), ib. 21 noj (1827-46) – 3 nov. 9 (B minor, E flat loj, B loj), 3 op. 15 (F loj, F loj, G minor), 2 op. 27 (C sharp minor, D loj), 2 op. 32 (H major, A flat loj), 2 op. 37 (G minor, G loj), 2 op. 48 (C minor, F sharp minor), 2 op. 55 (F minor, E flat loj), 2 op.62 (H loj, E loj), op. 72 hauv E minor (1827), C minor yam tsis muaj op. (1827), C sharp minor (1837), 4 rov – C minor op. 1 (1825), F loj (mazurki style) Or. 5 (1826), E flat loj op. 16 (1832), C maj op. xa 73 (1840), 27 kev tshawb fawb — 12 ib. 10 (1828-33), 12 ib. 25 (1834-37), 3 “new” (F minor, A major, D major, 1839); foreplay — 24 ib. 28 (1839), C sharp minor op. 45 (1841); waltzes (1827-47) — Ib lub tiaj loj, E tiaj tus loj (1827), E flat loj op. 18 ib. 3 (A flat major, A minor, F major), Ib tug loj loj op. 34 ib. 42 (D major, C sharp minor, A flat loj), 3 op. 64 (A flat loj, B minor), 2 op. 69 (G loj, F minor, D loj), E loj (kwv yees. 3), A minor (con. 70-х гг.), E minor (1829); Mazurkas — 4 ib. 6 (F sharp minor, C sharp minor, E loj, E flat minor), 5 op. 7 (B loj, A minor, F minor, A loj, C loj), 4 op. 17 (B loj, E minor, A loj, A minor), 4 op. 24 (G minor, C loj, A loj, B minor), 4 op. 30 (C minor, B minor, D loj, C sharp minor), 4 op. 33 (G minor, D loj, C loj, B minor), 4 op. 41 (C sharp minor, E minor, B loj, A flat loj), 3 op. 50 (G loj, A tiaj tus loj, C ntse me), 3 op. 56 (B loj, C loj, C minor), 3 op. 59 (A minor, A loj, F sharp minor), 3 op. 63 (B loj, F minor, C sharp minor), 4 op. 67 (G major and C loj, 1835; G minor, 1845; A minor, 1846), 4 op. 68 (C loj, A minor, F loj, F minor), cov polonises (1817-1846) — g-major, B-major, As-major, gis-minor, Ges-major, b-minor, 2 op. 26 (cis-small, es-small), 2 op. 40 (A-loj, c-me), fifth-minor op. 44, As-dur op. 53, As-dur (ntshiab-muscular) op. 61 ib. 3 (d-minor, B-major, f-me), flute As-major op. 71 (43), ib. 2 counter seev cev (B-dur, Ges-dur, 1827), 3 ecoss (D loj, G loj thiab Des loj, 1830), Bolero C loj op. 19 (1833); rau piano 4 tes - kev hloov pauv hauv D-dur (ntawm lub ntsiab lus los ntawm Moore, tsis khaws cia), F-dur (ob lub voj voog ntawm 1826); rau ob lub piano - Rondo hauv C loj op. 73 (1828); 19 zaj nkauj rau lub suab thiab piano - op. 74 (1827-47, rau nqes los ntawm S. Witvitsky, A. Mickiewicz, Yu. B. Zalesky, Z. Krasiński thiab lwm tus), variations (1822-37) - ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm German nkauj E-dur (1827), Reminiscence of Paganini (ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj nkauj Neapolitan "Carnival hauv Venice", A-dur, 1829), ntawm lub ntsiab lus los ntawm Herold's Opera “Louis” (B-dur op. 12, 1833), ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj ntawm Puritans los ntawm Bellini's opera Le Puritani, Es-dur (1837), barcarolle Fis-dur op. 60 (1846), Cantabile B-dur (1834), Album Nplooj (E-dur, 1843), lullaby Des-dur op. 57 (1843), Largo Es-dur (1832?), Funeral March (c-moll op. 72, 1829).