Ernest Chausson |
Ernest Chaw
Nws kawm ntawm Paris Conservatory nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm J. Massenet (1880). Xyoo 1880-83 nws tau kawm los ntawm S. Frank. Los ntawm 1889 nws yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm National Musical Society. Twb tau Chausson cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov, feem ntau lub suab voj voog (xya zaj nkauj rau cov nkauj los ntawm Ch. Leconte de Lisle, A. Sylvester, T. Gauthier, thiab lwm tus, 7-1879), qhia nws txoj kev nyiam rau kev ua kom zoo, kev npau suav.
Chausson lub suab paj nruag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev pom tseeb, kev yooj yim ntawm kev qhia, kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov xim. Massenet lub hwj chim yog pom nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov (4 zaj nkauj rau lyrics los ntawm M. Bouchor, 1882-88, thiab lwm yam), tom qab ntawd - R. Wagner: zaj paj huam "Vivian" (1882), opera "King Arthus" (1886). -1895) sau rau ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm lub npe hu ua. lub voj voog Arthurian (vim qhov kev sib piv nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Wagner yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb). Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, Chausson nyob deb ntawm lub tswv yim pessimistic ntawm Tristan thiab Isolde. Tus kws sau ntawv tso tseg qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm leitmotifs (plaub lub suab paj nruag ua lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho), lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev pib ua suab paj nruag.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm Chausson tej hauj lwm, lub hwj chim ntawm Frank txoj hauj lwm kuj yog undoubtedly, tshwm sim feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub 3-symphony symphony (1890), nyob rau hauv nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv thiab motivic txoj kev loj hlob; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xim zoo nkauj, faded orchestral, lyrical intimacy (2nd seem) ua tim khawv rau Chausson txoj kev mob siab rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas C. Debussy (kev paub nrog leej twg hauv 1889 tig mus rau kev phooj ywg uas yuav luag txog thaum Chausson tuag).
Ntau yam hauj lwm ntawm 90s, piv txwv li, lub voj voog Greenhouses ("Les serres chaudes", rau cov nkauj los ntawm M. Maeterlinck, 1893-96), nrog rau lawv cov lus txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib haum xeeb zoo heev (kev siv dav dav ntawm kev hloov kho), lub suab suab palette. , tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau thaum ntxov impressionism. Lub "Poem" rau violin thiab orchestra (1896), tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Debussy thiab ua los ntawm ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj hu nkauj, tau txais koob meej tshwj xeeb.
Cov khoom xyaw:
Ua yeeb yam - Lub whims ntawm Marianne (Les caprices de Marianne, raws li kev ua si los ntawm A. de Musset, 1884), Elena (raws li Ch. Leconte de Lisle, 1886), King Arthus (Le roi Arthus, lib. Sh., 1895 , post. 1903, t -r “De la Monnaie”, Brussels); tubkaub Arab (L'arabe, rau skr., txiv neej hu nkauj thiab orchestra, 1881); rau orchestra - symphony B-dur (1890), symphony. Vivian cov paj huam (1882, 2nd edition 1887), Solitude in the forest (Solitude dans les bois, 1886), Festive yav tsaus ntuj (Soir de fkte, 1898); Paj huam Es-dur rau Skr. nrog orc. (1896); Vedic nkauj hu nkauj nrog orch. (Hymne védique, lyrics los ntawm Lecomte de Lisle, 1886); rau poj niam hu nkauj nrog fp. Nkauj Nkauj (Chant nuptial, lyrics by Leconte de Lisle, 1887), Nkauj Ntxawm (Chant funebre, lyrics by W. Shakespeare, 1897); rau lub suab hu nkauj cappella - Jeanne d'Arc (lyric scene rau soloist thiab poj niam hu nkauj, 1880, tejzaum nws yog ib feem ntawm ib qho kev ua yeeb yam tsis muaj tseeb), 8 motets (1883-1891), Ballad (lyrics los ntawm Dante, 1897) thiab lwm yam; chamber instrumental ensembles -fp. trio g-moll (1881), fp. quartet (1897, ua tiav los ntawm V. d'Andy), cov hlua. quartet hauv c-me (1899, tsis tiav); concerto rau skr., fp. thiab hlua. quartet (1891); rau piano – 5 fantasies (1879-80), sonatina F-dur (1880), Toj roob hauv pes (Paysage, 1895), Ob peb seev cev (Quelques danses, 1896); rau lub suab thiab orchestra – Paj huam Kev Hlub thiab Hiav Txwv (Poeme de l'amour et de la mer, lyrics by Bouchor, 1892), Eternal Song (Chanson perpetuelle, lyrics by J. Cro, 1898); rau lub suab thiab piano – nkauj (St. 50) nyob rau tom ntej. Lecomte de Lisle, T. Gauthier, P. Bourget, Bouchor, P. Verlaine, Maeterlinck, Shakespeare thiab lwm tus; 2 zaj nkauj (1883); suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam – Lub Tempest los ntawm Shakespeare (1888, Petit Theatre de Marionette, Paris), Cov lus dab neeg ntawm St. Caecilians” los ntawm Bouchor (1892, ibid.), “Birds” los ntawm Aristophanes (1889, tsis post.).
VA Kulakov
