Baritone: piav qhia ntawm qhov ntsuas, nws zoo li cas, muaj pes tsawg leeg, keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX-XNUMXth, bowed string instruments tau nrov heev hauv Tebchaws Europe. Qhov no yog lub heyday ntawm viola. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX, kev mloog ntawm lub suab paj nruag hauv zej zog tau nyiam los ntawm baritone, tus tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg txoj hlua, nco txog cello. Lub npe thib ob ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog viola di Bordone. Qhov kev pab cuam rau nws qhov nrov tau ua los ntawm Hungarian tub huabtais Esterhazy. Lub tsev qiv ntawv suab paj nruag tau ntxiv nrog cov kev tsim tshwj xeeb sau rau qhov ntsuas no los ntawm Haydn.

Kev piav qhia ntawm lub cuab yeej

Outwardly, baritone zoo li cello. Nws muaj cov duab zoo sib xws, caj dab, cov hlua, yog teem rau lub sij hawm ua si nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb hauv pem teb ntawm tus ntaus suab paj nruag ob txhais ceg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj cov hlua uas muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Lawv nyob hauv qab caj dab, siv los txhim kho lub suab ntawm lub ntsiab. Lub suab yog tsim nrog hneev. Vim txoj kev npaj ntsug, cov txheej txheem kev ua si yog txwv. Cov hlua sympathetic zoo siab los ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo ntawm sab tes xis.

Ntaus baritone

Cov twj paj nruag muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam li viola. Lub cev zoo li lub cev nrog lub thawv qhib rau lub suab rho tawm muaj "lub duav" rau kev tshem tawm ntawm hneev. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua tseem ceeb yog 7, tsawg dua 6 yog siv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua sympathetic sib txawv ntawm 9 mus rau 24. Resonator qhov yog teem rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus nab. Lub caj dab thiab lub taub hau yog dav dua li cov khoom siv sib xws. Qhov no yog vim muaj coob tus ntawm cov hlua, rau qhov nro ntawm ob kab ntawm li qub yog lub luag haujlwm.

Lub timbre ntawm baritone yog kua, zoo ib yam li lub suab txhais. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag, nws yog sau nyob rau hauv lub bass clef. Qhov ntau yog qhov dav vim muaj ntau ntawm cov hlua. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam orchestral, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Haydn nws feem ntau muaj lub luag hauj lwm solo nrog alternating atherosclerosis ntawm ceev mus rau qeeb. Lub orchestra kuj suav nrog lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg bowed - cello thiab viola.

Keeb kwm

Lub baritone tau nrov heev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Nws tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Hungarian tub huabtais Esterhazy. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub lub sij hawm no, Joseph Haydn ua hauj lwm ua bandmaster thiab composer. Nws sau ua yeeb yam rau tsev hais plaub ntaus suab paj nruag. Cov kav dynasty tau saib zoo rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai, suab paj nruag sounded nyob rau hauv lub palace thiab chaw ua si complexes, paintings tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub halls.

Thaum cov cuab yeej baritone tshiab tshwm sim, Esterhazy xav ua rau lub ntiaj teb xav tsis thoob nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab kev ua si. Lub tsev hais plaub composer tau tswj los tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm masterpieces nyob rau hauv uas lub baritone kuj ceeb tias ua ke nrog cello thiab viola, contrasts lub suab ntawm plucked hlua nrog hneev hlua.

Tab sis nws tsis ntev tau nyiam cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag. Cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov ntsuas no yog scanty, insignificant. Qhov nyuaj ntawm Kev Ua Si, kev kho ntawm ntau txoj hlua, thiab cov txheej txheem txawv txawv ua rau oblivion rau qhov "kwv tij" ntawm viols. Lub sijhawm kawg ntawm nws lub suab hais lus tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​hauv Eisenstadt hauv 1775. Tab sis kev mob siab rau ntawm tus huab tais Hungarian yog lub zog rau kev sau ntawv ua haujlwm rau baritone, uas mus deb dhau qhov txwv ntawm nws lub palace Halls.