Oda Abramovna Slobodskaya |
Oda Slobodskaya
Muaj ib rooj plaub thaum cov lus hais tias "lub hnub nyoog ib yam li lub Kaum Hli" tsis zoo li ib tug tuab thiab ib nrab-tsis nco qab lub cim ntawm lub Soviet era, tab sis siv lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Txhua yam pib zoo li no…
"Tau hnav khaub ncaws nplua nuj porphyry, nrog ib tug scepter nyob rau hauv kuv txhais tes, nrog lub crown ntawm Spanish Vaj Ntxwv Philip rau ntawm kuv lub taub hau, kuv tawm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj mus rau lub square ... Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Neva, ze ntawm lub tsev neeg, ib tug cannon. txhaj dheev suab. Raws li ib tug huab tais uas brooks tsis tawm tsam, kuv mloog sternly - qhov no yog ib tug retort rau kuv? Kev txhaj tshuaj yog rov ua dua. Los ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, kuv pom tias cov neeg tau tshee hnyo. Qhov thib peb txhaj tshuaj thiab plaub - ib tug tom qab lwm yam. Kuv thaj chaw yog khoob. Cov choristers thiab extras tsiv mus rau tis thiab, tsis nco qab cov heretics, pib nrov sib tham txog yuav ua li cas khiav ... Ib feeb tom qab, cov neeg khiav rov qab thiab hais tias lub plhaub tau ya nyob rau hauv lub opposite direction thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntshai. Peb nyob ntawm theem thiab txuas ntxiv qhov kev txiav txim. Cov neeg tuaj saib tseem nyob hauv lub tsev, kuj tsis paub tias yuav khiav txoj kev twg, thiab yog li ntawd txiav txim siab zaum tseem.
Vim li cas phom? peb nug cov tub txib. - Thiab qhov no, koj pom, lub nkoj nkoj "Aurora" tab tom tua lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav, uas tsoomfwv ib ntus ntsib ...
Qhov no nto moo fragment los ntawm Chaliapin lub memoirs "Lub Mask thiab tus ntsuj plig" yog paub zoo rau txhua leej txhua tus. Nws tsis tshua paub tias nyob rau hnub nco txog no, Lub Kaum Hli 25 (Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7), 1917, qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hu nkauj Oda Slobodskaya, uas tau ua ib feem ntawm Elizabeth, coj qhov chaw.
Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg txawj ntse Lavxias teb sab, suav nrog cov hu nkauj, raug yuam kom tawm hauv lawv lub tebchaws tom qab Bolshevik tawm tsam rau ib qho lossis lwm qhov. Kev txom nyem ntawm Soviet lub neej ua pov thawj unbearable rau ntau. Ntawm lawv yog Slobodskaya.
Tus hu nkauj yug hauv Vilna thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 1895. Nws kawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg Conservatory, qhov chaw nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub suab seev nrog N. Iretskaya thiab nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv opera nrog I. Ershov. Thaum tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv, nws ua yeeb yam hauv Beethoven's 9th symphony ua los ntawm Sergei Koussevitzky.
Tom qab ua tiav kev ua yeeb yam, cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv ua yeeb yam ntawm Cov Neeg Lub Tsev, thiab tsis ntev los no tau tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm Mariinsky Theatre, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua nws thawj zaug Lisa (ntawm lwm lub luag haujlwm hauv xyoo ntawd yog Masha hauv Dubrovsky, Fevronia, Margarita, Poj huab tais ntawm Shemakhan, Elena hauv Mephistopheles). ). Txawm li cas los xij, lub koob meej tiag tiag tuaj rau Slobodskaya tsuas yog txawv teb chaws, qhov chaw uas nws tawm hauv xyoo 1921.
Lub Rau Hli 3, 1922, lub ntiaj teb premiere ntawm F. Stravinsky's Mavra coj qhov chaw ntawm Paris Grand Opera ua ib feem ntawm Diaghilev's entreprise, nyob rau hauv uas tus singer ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm Parasha. Elena Sadoven (Neighbor) thiab Stefan Belina-Skupevsky (Hussar) kuj hu nkauj ntawm lub premiere. Nws yog qhov kev tsim khoom no uas tau cim qhov pib ntawm kev ua tiav txoj haujlwm ua tus hu nkauj.
Berlin, ncig xyuas nrog Ukrainian hu nkauj nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab South America, ua yeeb yam hauv Mexico, Paris, London, Holland, Belgium - cov no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov keeb kwm muaj tswv yim. Xyoo 1931, 10 xyoo tom qab kev sib koom ua yeeb yam hauv Petrograd, txoj hmoo rov coj Slobodskaya thiab Chaliapin ua ke. Nyob rau hauv London, nws koom nrog nws nyob rau hauv lub ncig saib ntawm lub opera troupe A. Tsereteli, hu nkauj ib feem ntawm Natasha nyob rau hauv "Mermaid".
Ntawm cov kev vam meej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Slobodskaya xyoo 1932 ntawm Covent Garden li Venus hauv Tannhauser ua ke nrog L. Melchior, hauv 1933/34 lub caij ntawm La Scala (ib feem ntawm Fevronia) thiab, thaum kawg, kev koom tes hauv Askiv premiere ntawm D. Shostakovich's opera "Lady Macbeth ntawm Mtsensk District", ua nyob rau hauv 1936 los ntawm A. Coates nyob rau London (ib feem ntawm Katerina Izmailova).
Nyob rau hauv 1941, nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm tsov rog, Oda Slobodskaya koom nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nthuav lus Askiv project, ua los ntawm tus naas ej conductor, ib tug neeg ntawm Russia, Anatoly Fistulari *. Mussorgsky's Sorochinskaya Fair tau tshwm sim ntawm Savoy Theatre. Slobodskaya hu nkauj lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Parasi nyob rau hauv lub opera. Kira Vane kuj tau koom nrog hauv qhov project, piav qhia txog qhov kev tsim khoom no kom ntxaws hauv nws cov ntawv sau cia.
Nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm theem opera, Slobodskaya ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv xov tooj cua, koom tes nrog BBC. Nws tau koom nrog ntawm no hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Poj huab tais ntawm Spades, ua ib feem ntawm Countess.
Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, tus neeg hu nkauj feem ntau nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Askiv, ua haujlwm ua yeeb yam. Nws yog ib tug neeg txhais lus zoo ntawm chav ua haujlwm los ntawm S. Rachmaninov, A. Grechaninov, I. Stravinsky thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, N. Medtner, uas nws pheej ua ua ke. Tus neeg hu nkauj txoj haujlwm tau khaws cia hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm cov tuam txhab gramophone Nws Masters Voice, Saga, Decca (Medtner's romances, ua haujlwm los ntawm Stravinsky, J. Sibelius, "Tatyana's Letter" thiab txawm M. Blanter's song "Hauv Pem Hauv Ntej Hav Zoov"). Nyob rau hauv 1983, ib tug xov tooj ntawm Slobodskaya cov ntaub ntawv tau luam tawm los ntawm lub tuam txhab Melodiya raws li ib feem ntawm N. Medtner tus sau disc.
Slobodskaya xaus nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1960. Nyob rau hauv 1961 nws mus xyuas lub USSR, mus xyuas cov txheeb ze nyob rau hauv Leningrad. Slobodskaya tus txiv, tus tsav, tuag thaum tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm England. Slobodskaya tuag thaum Lub Xya Hli 30, 1970 hauv London.
Nco ntsoov:
* Anatoly Grigoryevich Fistulari (1907-1995) yug hauv Kyiv. Nws kawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nrog nws txiv, ib tug paub zoo neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm. Nws yog ib tug me nyuam prodigy, thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya nws ua yeeb yam Tchaikovsky lub 6th symphony nrog ib tug orchestra. Nyob rau hauv 1929 nws tawm hauv Russia. Koom nrog ntau yam lag luam. Ntawm cov opera productions yog Boris Godunov nrog Chaliapin (1933), Barber of Seville (1933), Sorochinskaya Fair (1941) thiab lwm yam. Nws ua yeeb yam nrog Lavxias Ballet ntawm Monte Carlo, London Philharmonic Orchestra (txij li xyoo 1943). Nws kuj tau ua haujlwm hauv Asmeskas thiab New Zealand. Nws tau sib yuav rau tus ntxhais ntawm Gustav Mahler Anna.
E. Tsodokov
