Yuav xaiv lub raj nplaim li cas

Tshuab raj nplaim (Italian flauto los ntawm Latin flatus - "cua, ua tsis taus pa"; Fabkis flûte, English flute, German Flöte) yog ib tug woodwind suab paj nruas ntsuas ntawm soprano sau npe a. Lub suab ntawm lub tshuab raj hloov pauv los ntawm tshuab (extracting harmonic consonances with the di ncauj), nrog rau qhib thiab kaw qhov nrog li qub. Niaj hnub nimno flutes feem ntau yog ua los ntawm hlau (nickel, nyiaj, kub, platinum), tsis tshua muaj - los ntawm ntoo, qee zaum - los ntawm iav, yas thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv sib xyaw.

Transverse flute - lub npe yog vim lub fact tias thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev ua si lub tshuab raj tuav lub ntsuas tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsug, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm; lub qhov ncauj, feem, yog nyob rau sab. Flutes ntawm tus qauv tsim no tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los, nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm kev lig kev cai qub thiab hauv Suav teb thaum ub (9 xyoo pua BC). Niaj hnub no theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm transverse flute pib nyob rau hauv 1832, thaum tus German tswv T. Boehm raug nws mus rau kev txhim kho; Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov no ntau yam hloov lub yav tas los nrov longitudinal flute. Lub transverse flute yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm thawj mus rau plaub octave; Cov ntawv sau npe qis dua yog mos thiab lag ntseg, lub suab nrov tshaj plaws, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tho thiab xuav, thiab cov npe nruab nrab thiab ib nrab sab sauv muaj cov ntoo uas tau piav qhia tias maj thiab melodious.

Flute muaj pes tsawg leeg

Lub tshuab raj niaj hnub no tau muab faib ua peb ntu: lub taub hau, lub cev thiab lub hauv caug.

lub taub hau

Nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub ntsuas muaj ib sab qhov rau tshuab cua (muzzle los yog embouchure qhov). Nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub qhov muaj ib co thickenings nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim di ncauj. Lawv hu ua "sponges" thiab, ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua thaum lub sijhawm ua si, lawv Tiv Thaiv huab cua ntau dhau. Muaj lub ntsaws rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub taub hau (nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaum ntxuav lub ntsuas). Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub kaus mom ntoo muab tso rau ntawm nws, lub cork raug thawb kom nruj rau sab hauv kom ntau dua lossis tsawg dua qhov tob kom thiaj li ua tau txoj haujlwm raug, nyob rau hauv uas txhua octaves suab raws nraim. Lub plug puas yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb rhiav. Lub taub hau flute tuaj yeem hloov tau los txhim kho lub suab tag nrho ntawm qhov ntsuas

lub cev

Qhov no yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas, nyob rau hauv uas muaj qhov rau rho tawm suab thiab li qub uas kaw thiab qhib lawv. Lub valve mechanics yog heev finely tuned thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas.

Lub hauv caug

Rau cov yuam sij nyob ntawm lub hauv caug, tus ntiv tes me ntawm sab tes xis yog siv. Lub hauv caug muaj ob hom: Ua hauv caug lossis Si hauv caug. Ntawm lub tshuab raj nrog C lub hauv caug, lub suab qis yog C ntawm thawj octave, ntawm flutes nrog C lub hauv caug - C ntawm me me octave. C lub hauv caug cuam tshuam lub suab ntawm peb octave ntawm lub ntsuas, thiab kuj ua rau lub ntsuas me ntsis hnyav dua. Muaj "gizmo" qib ntawm C lub hauv caug, uas yog siv rau hauv ntiv tes mus txog plaub octave. Tus tsim ntawm lub raj nplaim
valve mechanism tuaj yeem yog ob hom: "inline" ("nyob rau hauv kab") - thaum tag nrho cov li qub tsim ib kab, thiab "offset" - thaum ob lub ntsev valve protrude.

Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub valve G, nyob ntawm qhov no, qhov teeb tsa ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam txhais tes yog qhov hloov pauv loj heev. Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm ob hom flutes thov tias cov qauv tsim hauv kab tso cai rau kev nrawm dua, tab sis qhov kev xaiv tiag tiag los rau qhov kev xaiv uas koj nyiam tshaj plaws.

Cov me nyuam flutes

rau cov menyuam thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv nrog me me txhais tes, mastering lub ntsuas yuav nyuaj. Nrog rau qhov no hauv siab, qee cov menyuam yaus cov qauv muaj lub taub hau nkhaus, uas tso cai rau koj kom yooj yim mus txog tag nrho cov li qub. Xws li lub tshuab raj yog tsim rau cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag me tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg uas muaj cov twj paj nruag puv puv loj heev.

Qhia tshuab raj

Flute valves yog qhib (nrog resonators) thiab kaw . Raws li txoj cai, hauv cov qauv kev cob qhia, cov li qub raug kaw los pab txhawb kev ua si. Contrary to ib qho yuam kev, lub tshuab raj tsis suab tawm ntawm qhov kawg, yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua si nrog qhib thiab kaw li qub cuam tshuam rau lub suab. Cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag ua si nrog qhib li qub, vim qhov no nthuav dav heev ntawm kev siv ntau yam teebmeem, piv txwv li, kev hloov pauv ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm qhov lossis ib lub hlis twg nce / nqis.

Ob qho tib si cov menyuam yaus thiab cov qauv kev kawm feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab cov nyiaj npib tsib xee, uas yog ruaj dua li cov nyiaj dawb huv. Vim nws cov luster zoo heev, nyiaj kuj yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws, thaum npib tsib xee-plated flutes tsis kim. Cov neeg uas ua xua rau npib tsib xee lossis nyiaj tau qhia kom xaiv lub raj nplaim ua los ntawm cov khoom tsis ua xua.

Flutes ntawm qib siab thiab kev tshaj lij

Hloov mus rau lub tshuab raj nrov dua nrog qhib li qub tuaj yeem ua kom yuam kev. Txhawm rau pab txhawb qhov kev hloov pauv no, ib ntus valve plugs (resonators) tau muab tshem tawm txhua lub sijhawm yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsuas. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias cov mutes txwv lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab raj kom rov qab los ntawm lub zog tag nrho.

Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv siab dua yog qhov tsim ntawm lub hauv caug. Lub suab qis tshaj ntawm flutes nrog C lub hauv caug yog C ntawm me me octave. Ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv ib qho ntxiv thib peb valve C. Ntxiv rau, ib qho gizmo qib ntxiv, uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau rho tawm cov ntawv mus txog qhov thib peb octave. Qhov no yog daim ntawv siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem ua si ntawm lub tshuab raj yam tsis tau hla lub npe sau npe. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los ua si huv mus txog qhov thib peb octave yam tsis muaj gizmo ko taw.

Cov kws tshaj lij siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua thiab cov yuam sij Fabkis txoj hauv kev (nrog rau kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm cov yuam sij uas tus ntiv tes tsis nias ncaj qha), muab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, tuav zoo dua, thiab zoo nkauj dua. Mechanical precision xyuas kom ceev cov lus teb thiab flawless du ua haujlwm.

Flute ntau yam

Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm flute: piccolo (me me los yog soprano), kev hais kwv txhiaj flute (soprano), alto flute, bass thiab contrabass flute.

concert flutes

Soprano flute hauv C yog lub ntsiab ntsuas hauv tsev neeg. Tsis zoo li lwm tsev neeg ntawm cov twj paj nruag cua, xws li saxophone, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag tsis yog tshwj xeeb hauv alto, bass, lossis piccolo. Lub ntsiab ntsuas ntawm lub flutist yog soprano flute, thiab nws masters tag nrho lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub thib ob tig. Lwm hom ntawm lub tshuab raj tsis tas siv nyob rau hauv lub orchestra, tab sis tsuas yog ntxiv ntxoov ntxoo rau ib qho kev muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li, mastering lub concert tshuab raj yog theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kawm.

Alto flutes

Lub alto flute feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv ib lub orchestra. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb qis timbre ntxiv fullness rau lub suab ntawm siab dua woodwinds. Hais txog cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem kev ua si, alto flute zoo ib yam li ib txwm muaj, tab sis nws suab hauv G nplai, uas yog, plaub qis dua li suab paj nruag. Qhov kev paub ntawm kev ua si alto flute yog heev ib qho tseem ceeb rau ib tug kws tshuab raj, txij li muaj ntau yam solo orchestral yog sau tshwj xeeb rau cov cuab yeej no.

bass flutes

Bass flute tsis tshua siv nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag orchestral thiab tshwm, raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv flute ensembles. Vim tias lawv koom nrog tib tsev neeg ntawm cov twj paj nruag, flute quartets, quintes thiab cov khoom siv loj dua yog nrov heev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab thiab qib siab.
Vim nws qhov loj me, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom ua tiav lub suab nrov bass thaj tsam flute - qhov no yuav tsum muaj qib kev ua haujlwm siab thiab lub pob ntseg ntse rau suab paj nruag. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm yam (txawm tias tsis tshua muaj) cov twj paj nruag hauv tsev neeg flute uas muaj lub suab qis dua - cov no yog cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab subcontrabass flutes. Ob leeg kuj tau siv tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuab raj nplaim. Cov flutes no tau muab tso rau hauv pem teb thiab tus neeg ua yeeb yam ua si thaum sawv los yog zaum ntawm lub qhov quav.

Piccolo flutes

piccolo (los yog piccolo), lub qhov ntsuas me me nyob rau hauv tsev neeg, suab tag nrho octave siab tshaj qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj flute, tab sis muaj tib lub C tuning . Nws yuav zoo li tias piccolo tsuas yog ib daim ntawv me me ntawm soprano flute, tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Piccolo yog nyuaj dua mus ua si vim nws ntse, siab timbre yuav tsum tau yuam airflow, uas ib tug beginner flutist tsim tsis tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib thooj ntawm cov li qub tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem rau tus pib.

Piccolo flutes tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam:

1) Hlau lub cev + hlau taub hau
- zoo tagnrho rau ib pawg marching;
- muaj lub suab brightest nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws;
- huab cua noo tsis cuam tshuam rau lub suab (tsis muaj ntoo flutes)

2) Lub cev thiab lub taub hau ua los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw (yas)
- lub zog ntawm cov twj paj nruag yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg pib suab paj nruag;
- huab cua tej yam kev mob tsis cuam tshuam rau lub suab zoo

3) Ntoo lub cev + hlau taub hau
- zoo tagnrho rau ib tug beginner mastering lub piccolo flute;
- kev tsim cov sponges pab txhawb kev tsim cov cua ntws;
- lub taub hau hlau muab cua tsis kam

4) Lub cev thiab lub taub hau ua los ntawm ntoo
- qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam muab suab paj nruag;
- suab zoo nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej sab nraud;
- nquag thov hauv orchestras thiab feem ntau cua tshuab

Flute Overview

Flute piv txwv