Gian Carlo Menotti |

Gian Carlo Menotti: XNUMX Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk!

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm G. Menotti yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tshwm sim hauv Asmeskas kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tsov rog tom qab kaum xyoo. Tus kws sau nkauj no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tus nrhiav pom ntawm lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag tshiab, nws lub zog nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm los xav tias qhov kev xav tau no los yog zaj dab neeg ua rau suab paj nruag thiab, tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, yuav ua li cas cov suab paj nruag no tau pom los ntawm tib neeg. Menotti masterfully masters lub kos duab ntawm lub opera theatre tag nrho: nws ib txwm sau lub libretto ntawm nws operas nws tus kheej, feem ntau theem lawv ua tus thawj coj thiab coj cov kev ua tau zoo raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib ci ntsa iab.

Menotti yug hauv Ltalis (nws yog Italian los ntawm haiv neeg). Nws txiv yog ib tug ua lag luam thiab nws niam yog ib tug amateur pianist. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 10 xyoo, tus tub sau ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 nws nkag mus rau Milan Conservatory (qhov chaw nws kawm los ntawm 1923 txog 1927). Lub neej ntxiv ntawm Menotti (txij li xyoo 1928) txuas nrog Asmeskas, txawm hais tias tus kws sau nkauj tau khaws cia ua neeg xam xaj Italian tau ntev.

Los ntawm 1928 txog 1933 nws tau txhim kho nws cov txheej txheem kev sib sau ua ke raws li kev qhia ntawm R. Scalero ntawm Curtis Institute of Music hauv Philadelphia. Nyob rau hauv nws cov phab ntsa, kev phooj ywg zoo tsim nrog S. Barber, tom qab ntawd ib tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas tseem ceeb (Menotti yuav dhau los ua tus sau libretto ntawm ib qho ntawm Barber's operas). Feem ntau, thaum lub caij ntuj sov so, cov phooj ywg tau mus ua ke mus rau Tebchaws Europe, mus saib opera tsev hauv Vienna thiab Ltalis. Xyoo 1941, Menotti rov tuaj rau Curtis Institute - tam sim no ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev sau thiab kos duab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag. Kev sib txuas nrog lub suab paj nruag ntawm Ltalis tsis cuam tshuam ib qho twg, qhov twg Menotti hauv 1958 tau teeb tsa "Festival of Ob Worlds" (hauv Spoleto) rau Asmeskas thiab Italian cov neeg hu nkauj.

Menotti ua tus sau ua nws thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1936 nrog kev ua yeeb yam Amelia Goes to the Ball. Nws yog Ameslikas sau nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Italian buffa opera thiab ces muab txhais ua lus Askiv. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ua ntej coj mus rau lwm qhov haujlwm, lub sijhawm no los ntawm NBC, rau xov tooj cua opera The Old Maid and the Thief (1938). Tau pib nws txoj haujlwm ua tus kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam nrog cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev lom zem anecdotal txoj kev npaj, Menotti sai sai tig mus rau cov ntsiab lus ua yeeb yam. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws thawj qhov kev sim ntawm qhov no (cov yeeb yaj kiab The God of the Island, 1942) ua tsis tiav. Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 1946, lub opera-tragedy Medium tau tshwm sim (ob peb xyoos tom qab nws tau ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab yeej ib qho khoom plig ntawm Cannes Film Festival).

Thiab thaum kawg, xyoo 1950, Menotti txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam Tus Consul, nws thawj "loj" opera, pom lub teeb ntawm hnub. Nws qhov kev txiav txim yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov European lub teb chaws. Tsis muaj hwj chim, nyob ib leeg thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm tag nrho cov muaj hwj chim bureaucratic apparatus coj lub heroine mus tua tus kheej. Qhov nruj ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, lub siab lub ntsws tag nrho ntawm cov suab paj nruag, cov txheeb ze simplicity thiab kev nkag tau ntawm cov suab paj nruag ua rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam no los ze zog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg Italians kawg (G. Verdi, G. Puccini) thiab verist composers (R. Leoncavallo. , P. Mascagni). Lub hwj chim ntawm M. Mussorgsky lub suab paj nruag recitation kuj hnov, thiab jazz intonations suab ntawm no thiab muaj qhia tias suab paj nruag belongs rau peb caug xyoo. Lub eclecticism ntawm lub opera (variegation ntawm nws cov style) yog me ntsis smoothed tawm los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev nkag siab ntawm lub ua yeeb yam (ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv Menotti) thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm kev nthuav qhia txhais tau tias: txawm lub orchestra nyob rau hauv nws operas yog hloov los ntawm ib pawg ntawm ob peb. cuab yeej. Feem ntau vim yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev nom kev tswv, Tus Consul tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws: nws tau khiav ntawm Broadway 8 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam, tau ua hauv 20 lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb (xws li USSR), thiab tau muab txhais ua 12 yam lus.

Tus kws sau nkauj rov tig mus rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab The Saint of Bleecker Street (1954) thiab Maria Golovina (1958).

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus txiv neej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (1971) tshwm sim nyob rau yav qab teb Africa, nws tus phab ej, tus kws tshawb fawb hluas Negro, tuag ntawm tes ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug. Lub opera Tamu-Tamu (1972), uas nyob rau hauv Indonesian txhais tau tias cov qhua, xaus nrog ib tug nruj kev tuag. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tau sau los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm cov koom haum ntawm International Congress of Anthropologists thiab Ethnologists.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus tu siab tsis ua haujlwm ntawm Menotti. Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub opera "Medium", nyob rau hauv 1947, ib tug zoo siab comedy "Tsev" tau tsim. Qhov no yog ib tug luv luv opera, qhov twg tsuas muaj peb lam: Nws, Nws thiab xov tooj. Feem ntau, cov phiaj xwm ntawm Menotti's operas muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb.

Lub teleopera "Amal thiab Hmo Ntuj Qhua" (1951) tau sau raws li kev kos duab los ntawm I. Bosch "Lub Adoration of the Magi" (kev lig kev cai ntawm nws cov khoom txhua xyoo ntawm Christmas tau tsim). Lub suab paj nruag ntawm no opera yog yooj yim heev uas nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau rau amateur ua yeeb yam.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam, nws hom tseem ceeb, Menotti tau sau 3 tus neeg ntaus pob (xws li comic ballet-madrigal Unicorn, Gorgon thiab Manticore, tsim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Renaissance), cantata Tuag ntawm Npis Sov ntawm Brindisi (1963), ib zaj paj huam symphonic. rau orchestra "Apocalypse" (1951), concertos rau piano (1945), violin (1952) nrog orchestra thiab Triple Concerto rau peb tus neeg ua yeeb yam (1970), chamber ensembles, Xya zaj nkauj ntawm tus kheej ntawv rau tus neeg hu nkauj E. Schwarzkopf. Ua tib zoo mloog rau tus neeg, rau kev hu nkauj zoo nkauj, kev siv cov xwm txheej zoo nkauj ua yeeb yam tau tso cai rau Menotti nyob hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv cov suab paj nruag Asmeskas niaj hnub.

K. Zenkin

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam - Tus tub qhe qub thiab tub sab (Tus qub tub txib thiab tub sab, 1st ed. rau xov tooj cua, 1939; 1941, Philadelphia), Island God (Lub kob Vajtswv, 1942, New York), Nruab Nrab (The medium, 1946, New York ), Xov tooj (Lub xov tooj, New York, 1947), Consul (Tus consul, 1950, New York, Pulitzer Ave.), Amal thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas hmo ntuj (Amahl thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas hmo ntuj, teleopera, 1951), Dawb Huv nrog Bleecker Street ( Cov neeg dawb huv ntawm Bleecker txoj kev, 1954, New York), Maria Golovina (1958, Brussels, International Exhibition), Qhov kawg savage (The last savage, 1963), TV opera Labyrinth (Labyrinth, 1963), Martin's dag ( Martin's lie, 1964 , Bath, England), Tus txiv neej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (Tus txiv neej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, New York, 1971); pov pob - Sebastian (1943), Taug kev mus rau hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav (Errand into the maze, 1947, New York), ballet-madrigal Unicorn, Gorgon thiab Manticore (Lub unicorn, Gorgon thiab Manticore, 1956, Washington); tubkaub - Kev tuag ntawm tus npis sov ntawm Brindisi (1963); rau orchestra - symphonic paj huam Apocalypse (Apocalypse, 1951); concerts nrog orchestra - piano (1945), violin (1952); triple concerto rau 3 tus neeg ua yeeb yam (1970); Pastoral rau piano thiab hlua orchestra (1933); chamber instrumental ensembles - 4 pieces rau cov hlua. quartet (1936), Trio rau lub tsev tog (Trio rau lub tsev sov so; rau lub raj nplaim, vlch., fp., 1936); rau piano - Lub voj voog rau cov menyuam yaus "Cov Paj Huam Me Me rau Maria Rosa" (Poemetti per Maria Rosa).

Kev sau ntawv: Kuv tsis ntseeg avant-gardism, “MF”, 1964, No 4, p. 16.