Jean Sibelius (Jean Sibelius) |

Jean sibelius

Sibelius. Tapiola (xws li orchestra ua los ntawm T. Beecham)

… txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov loj dua, mus txuas ntxiv qhov twg kuv cov thawj coj tau tawm mus, tsim cov duab kos duab tsis yog kuv txoj cai xwb, tab sis kuj yog kuv lub luag haujlwm. J. Sibelius

"Jan Sibelius yog cov ntawm peb cov kws sau nkauj uas muaj tseeb thiab tsis muaj zog qhia tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg Finnish nrog lawv cov suab paj nruag," sau nws cov phooj ywg, thuam K. Flodin, hais txog tus kws sau ntawv Finnish zoo kawg li xyoo 1891. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Sibelius tsis yog xwb. ib nplooj ntawv ci nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm Finland, lub koob meej ntawm lub composer mus deb dhau ciam teb ntawm nws lub teb chaws.

Kev vam meej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm poob rau qhov kawg ntawm 7th - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 3th. - lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws liberation thiab revolutionary zog nyob rau hauv Finland. Lub xeev me me no yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab tau ntsib tib lub siab ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej cua daj cua dub ntawm kev hloov pauv. Nws yog noteworthy tias nyob rau hauv Finland, ib yam li nyob rau hauv Russia, lub sij hawm no tau cim los ntawm kev sawv ntawm lub teb chaws kos duab. Sibelius tau ua haujlwm ntau yam. Nws sau 2 symphonies, symphonic paj huam, XNUMX orchestral suites. Concerto rau violin thiab orchestra, XNUMX txoj hlua quartets, piano quintes thiab trios, chamber suab thiab instrumental tej hauj lwm, suab paj nruag rau ua yeeb yam, tab sis tus composer lub peev xwm tshwm sim nws tus kheej kom meej meej nyob rau hauv symphonic suab paj nruag.

• Sibelius - qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv khw online Ozon.ru →

Sibelius loj hlob hauv ib tsev neeg uas txhawb nqa suab paj nruag: tus kws sau nkauj tus viv ncaus ntaus piano, nws tus tij laug ntaus lub cello, thiab Jan ntaus thawj piano thiab tom qab ntawd violin. Ib me ntsis tom qab, nws yog rau lub tsev koom txoos uas Sibelius lub chav tsev thaum ntxov tau sau. Gustav Levander, bandmaster ntawm lub zos tooj dag band, yog thawj tus kws qhia suab paj nruag. Tus tub lub peev xwm sau tau tshwm sim thaum ntxov - Yang sau nws thawj zaug ua si thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj kev vam meej hauv kev kawm suab paj nruag, xyoo 1885 nws tau los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv txoj cai ntawm University of Helsingfors. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub Music lub koom haum (xav nyob rau hauv nws lub plawv ntawm ib tug hauj lwm raws li ib tug virtuoso violinist), thawj zaug nrog M. Vasiliev, thiab ces nrog G. Challat.

Ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tej hauj lwm ntawm lub composer, tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug romantic kev taw qhia sawv, nyob rau hauv lub mus ob peb vas ntawm paintings ntawm xwm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb. Nws yog noteworthy tias Sibelius muab ib tug epigraph rau cov hluas quartet - ib tug zoo heev sab qaum teb toj roob hauv pes sau los ntawm nws. Cov duab ntawm xwm muab ib qho tshwj xeeb tsw rau qhov kev pab cuam suite "Florestan" rau piano, txawm hais tias tus composer lub tsom xam yog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug hero nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug zoo nkauj dub-eyed nymph nrog golden plaub hau.

Sibelius qhov kev paub nrog R. Cajanus, tus kws qhia suab paj nruag, tus thawj coj, thiab tus kws tshaj lij ntawm lub suab paj nruag, pab txhawb nws txoj kev nyiam suab paj nruag. Ua tsaug rau nws, Sibelius xav txog cov suab paj nruag symphonic thiab instrumentation. Nws muaj kev phooj ywg zoo nrog Busoni, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau raug caw mus ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Nkauj ntawm Helsingfors. Tab sis, tej zaum, kev paub nrog tsev neeg Yarnefelt yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tus kws sau nkauj (3 cov kwv tij: Armas - tus thawj coj thiab tus kws sau ntawv, Arvid - kws sau ntawv, Ero - tus kws kos duab, lawv tus muam Aino tom qab los ua tus poj niam ntawm Sibelius).

Txhawm rau txhim kho nws txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag, Sibelius tau mus txawv tebchaws rau 2 xyoos: rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Austria (1889-91), qhov uas nws txhim kho nws txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag, kawm nrog A. Becker thiab K. Goldmark. Nws ua tib zoo kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm R. Wagner, J. Brahms thiab A. Bruckner thiab dhau los ua ib tus neeg koom nrog txoj haujlwm ua suab paj nruag. Raws li tus kws sau nkauj, "suab paj nruag tuaj yeem pom nws lub zog tsuas yog thaum nws tau muab kev coj ua los ntawm qee cov lus paj huam, hauv lwm lo lus, thaum suab paj nruag thiab paj huam sib sau ua ke." Qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau yug los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum tus kws sau ntawv tau tshuaj xyuas ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sau, kawm cov qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov kev ua tiav zoo ntawm European cov tsev kawm ntawv sau. Lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1892, hauv Finland, nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm tus sau, paj huam "Kullervo" (raws li ib zaj dab neeg los ntawm "Kalevala") tau ua tiav zoo rau cov neeg hu nkauj, hu nkauj thiab suab paj nruag orchestra. Hnub no yog suav tias yog hnub yug ntawm Finnish kev suab paj nruag. Sibelius rov tig mus rau Finnish epic. Cov suite "Lemminkäinen" rau ib lub suab paj nruag orchestra coj tus kws sau paj huam muaj koob meej thoob ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 90s. Sibelius tsim cov paj huam symphonic "Finland" (1899) thiab Thawj Symphony (1898-99). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsim suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov suab paj nruag rau kev ua si "Kuolema" los ntawm A. Yarnefeld, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "Lub Sad Waltz" (niam ntawm tus protagonist, tuag, pom cov duab ntawm nws tus txiv tuag, uas, raws li nws, caw nws mus seev cev. , thiab nws tuag rau lub suab ntawm waltz). Sibelius kuj tau sau nkauj rau kev ua yeeb yam: Pelléas et Mélisande los ntawm M. Maeterlinck (1905), Belshazzar's Feast los ntawm J. Prokope (1906), The White Swan los ntawm A. Strindberg (1908), The Tempest los ntawm W. Shakespeare (1926).

Xyoo 1906-07. nws mus xyuas St. Petersburg thiab Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws tau ntsib nrog N. Rimsky-Korsakov thiab A. Glazunov. Tus kws sau nkauj tau mloog zoo rau cov suab paj nruag symphonic - piv txwv li, hauv xyoo 1900 nws sau qhov Thib Ob Symphony, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws nto moo concerto rau violin thiab orchestra tshwm. Ob qho kev ua haujlwm yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov ci ntawm cov khoom siv suab paj nruag, monumentality ntawm daim ntawv. Tab sis yog hais tias lub symphony yog dominated los ntawm lub teeb xim, ces lub concerto yog tag nrho ntawm dramatically dluab. Ntxiv mus, tus composer txhais cov twj paj nruag solo - lub violin - raws li ib qho cuab yeej sib npaug ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm kev nthuav qhia rau lub orchestra. Ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Sibelius hauv xyoo 1902. cov suab paj nruag tshwm sim los ntawm Kalevala rov tshwm sim (symphonic paj huam Tapiola, 20). Rau xyoo 1926 kawg ntawm nws lub neej, tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau sau. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj tswv yim sib cuag nrog lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag tsis nres. Ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tuaj pom nws. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm Sibelius tau ua nyob rau hauv concerts thiab yog ib qho khoom plig ntawm lub repertoire ntawm ntau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub xyoo pua 30th.

L. Kozhevnikova