Nikolai Karlovich Medtner |

Nikolai Medtner

Kuv thaum kawg nyob rau hauv kos duab limitless ncav cuag high degree. Lub koob meej luag ntxhi rau kuv; Kuv nyob hauv tib neeg lub siab kuv pom kev sib haum xeeb nrog kuv cov kev tsim. A. Pushkin. Mozart thiab Salieri

N. Medtner nyob ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab ntiaj teb suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm tus cwj pwm qub, tus kws sau nkauj zoo nkauj, pianist thiab tus kws qhia ntawv, Medtner tsis koom nrog ib qho ntawm cov suab paj nruag yam ntxwv ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Mus txog ib nrab rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm German romantics (F. Mendelssohn, R. Schumann), thiab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers mus rau S. Taneyev thiab A. Glazunov, Medtner yog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug artist striving rau tshiab muaj tswv yim horizons, nws muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv. nquag nrog ci ntsa iab innovation. Stravinsky thiab S. Prokofiev.

Medtner tuaj ntawm ib tsev neeg nplua nuj hauv kev ua yeeb yam: nws niam yog tus sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg suab paj nruag nto moo Gedike; tij laug Emilius yog ib tug neeg txawj xav, txawj sau ntawv, suab paj nruag critic (pseudo Wolfing); Lwm tus kwv tij, Alexander, yog ib tug violinist thiab tus neeg xyuas pib. Nyob rau hauv 1900, N. Medtner brilliantly kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow Conservatory nyob rau hauv lub piano chav kawm ntawv V. Safonov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tau kawm txog kev sib xyaw ua ke raws li kev qhia ntawm S. Taneyev thiab A. Arensky. Nws lub npe yog sau rau ntawm marble plaque ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Medtner pib nws txoj haujlwm nrog kev ua tiav ntawm III Kev Sib Tw Thoob Ntiaj Teb. A. Rubinstein (Vienna, 1900) thiab tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm tus kws sau nkauj nrog nws thawj cov ntawv sau (piano voj voog "Mood Pictures", thiab lwm yam). Lub suab ntawm Medtner, pianist thiab composer, tau hnov ​​tam sim ntawd los ntawm cov suab paj nruag rhiab tshaj plaws. Nrog rau kev hais kwv txhiaj los ntawm S. Rachmaninov thiab A. Scriabin, Medtner tus sau kev hais kwv txhiaj yog cov xwm txheej hauv lub suab paj nruag hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws. M. Shahinyan nco qab tias hmo no “yog hnub so rau cov mloog.”

Xyoo 1909-10 thiab 1915-21. Medtner yog tus xibfwb qhia piano ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj nrov tom qab: A. Shatskes, N. Shtember, B. Khaikin. B. Sofronitsky, L. Oborin siv Medtner cov lus qhia. Hauv 20s. Medtner yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm MUZO Narkompros thiab feem ntau sib tham nrog A. Lunacharsky.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1921, Medtner tau nyob txawv teb chaws, muab concerts hauv Europe thiab Asmeskas. Xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej txog thaum nws tuag, nws nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv. Txhua xyoo siv nyob txawv teb chaws, Medtner tseem yog ib tug kws kos duab Lavxias. "Kuv npau suav ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv kuv haiv neeg av thiab ua si pem hauv ntej ntawm kuv cov neeg tuaj saib," nws sau rau hauv nws tsab ntawv kawg. Medtner cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim suav nrog ntau dua 60 qhov kev ua yeeb yam, feem ntau yog cov suab paj nruag thiab kev sib hlub. Medtner tau them se rau daim ntawv loj hauv nws peb lub piano concertos thiab hauv Ballad Concerto, lub chamber-instrumental ib hom ntawv yog sawv cev los ntawm Piano Quintet.

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, Medtner yog ib tug heev thawj thiab tiag lub teb chaws artist, rhiab xav txog cov complex artistic tiam sis ntawm nws era. Nws cov suab paj nruag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ncaj ncees rau cov lus qhuab qhia zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov classics, txawm hais tias tus kws sau ntawv muaj lub sijhawm los kov yeej ntau qhov kev tsis ntseeg thiab qee zaum qhia nws tus kheej hauv cov lus nyuaj. Qhov no qhia txog qhov sib npaug ntawm Medtner thiab cov kws sau paj huam ntawm nws lub sijhawm xws li A. Blok thiab Andrei Bely.

Qhov chaw nruab nrab hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm Medtner yog nyob ntawm 14 piano sonatas. Striking nrog ingenuity inspirational ingenuity, lawv muaj tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no ntawm puas siab puas ntsws suab paj nruas dluab. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov dav ntawm qhov sib txawv, romantic excitement, inwardly concentrated thiab tib lub sij hawm warmed meditation. Qee cov sonatas yog programmatic hauv qhov xwm txheej ("Sonata-elegy", "Sonata-fairy tale", "Sonata-remembrance", "Romantic sonata", "Thunderous sonata", thiab lwm yam), tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. thiab suab paj nruag duab. Yog li, piv txwv li, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws epic sonatas (op. 25) yog ib qho tseeb ua yeeb yam hauv suab, ib daim duab zoo nkauj ntawm kev siv F. Tyutchev's philosophical paj huam "Koj quaj li cas, hmo ntuj cua", ces "Sonata-remembrance" (los ntawm lub voj voog Tsis nco qab Motives, op.38) yog imbued nrog cov paj huam ntawm lub siab dawb paug Lavxias teb sab songwriting, maj mam lyrics ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Ib pawg piano nrov heev yog hu ua "fairy tales" (ib hom ntawv tsim los ntawm Medtner) thiab yog sawv cev los ntawm kaum lub voj voog. Qhov no yog ib phau ntawm lyrical-narative thiab lyrical-dramatic plays nrog ntau haiv neeg cov ntsiab lus ("Lavxias teb sab Fairy Tale", "Lear in the Steppe", "Knight's Procession", thiab lwm yam). Tsis tshua muaj npe nrov yog 3 lub voj voog ntawm piano daim nyob rau hauv lub npe dav dav "Forgotten Motifs".

Piano concertos los ntawm Medtner yog monumental thiab mus kom ze symphonies, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Thawj (1921), uas nws dluab yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub formidable upheavals ntawm Thawj Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog.

Medtner's romances (ntau tshaj 100) muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv mus ob peb vas thiab nthuav heev, feem ntau lawv yog txwv tsis pub cov ntsiab lus nrog cov ntsiab lus philosophical. Lawv feem ntau yog sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug lyrical monologue, qhia lub ntiaj teb sab ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug neeg; ntau yog devoted rau cov duab ntawm xwm. Medtner cov kws sau paj huam yog A. Pushkin (32 romances), F. Tyutchev (15), IV Goethe (30). Nyob rau hauv romances rau cov lus ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, xws li cov yam ntxwv tshiab ntawm chamber suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1935th caug xyoo raws li kev hloov maj mam ntawm kev hais lus recitation thiab lub loj, tej zaum kuj txiav txim siab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub piano, tawm los nyob rau hauv lub nyem, Ameslikas tsim los ntawm lub tus kws sau ntawv. Medtner paub tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag xwb, tab sis kuj yog tus sau phau ntawv ntawm kev kos duab suab paj nruag: Muse thiab zam (1963) thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Txhua Hnub ntawm Pianist thiab Composer (XNUMX).

Cov kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm Medtner tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Nws cov kab lig kev cai tau tsim thiab tsim los ntawm ntau tus neeg tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab suab paj nruag: AN Aleksandrov, Yu. Shaporin, V. Shebalin, E. Golubev thiab lwm tus. -d'Alheim, G. Neuhaus, S. Richter, I. Arkhipova, E. Svetlanov thiab lwm tus.

Txoj kev ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab niaj hnub ntiaj teb no suab paj nruag yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam tsis muaj Medtner, ib yam li nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam uas tsis muaj nws zoo contemporaries S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky thiab S. Prokofiev.

Hais txog. Tompakova