Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Kuv qhuas nws lub peev xwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv thiab sau ntawv, Kuv suav tias nws yog ib tug txiv neej muaj kev txawj ntse thiab kev dawb huv ntawm sab ntsuj plig. S. Gubaidulina

Txhua txoj haujlwm tshiab los ntawm N. Peiko ua rau muaj kev txaus siab tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg mloog, dhau los ua ib qho kev tshwm sim hauv suab paj nruag lub neej raws li qhov tshwm sim ci ntsa iab thiab qub ntawm lub teb chaws kos duab kab lis kev cai. Kev sib ntsib nrog tus kws sau nkauj yog lub sijhawm rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig nrog peb lub sijhawm tam sim no, tsom ntsoov rau qhov kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Tus kws sau nkauj ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab siv zog, ua siab loj paub ntau yam ntawm ntau yam suab paj nruag. Nws tsim 8 symphonies, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tej hauj lwm rau orchestra, 3 ballets, opera, cantatas, oratorios, chamber-instrumental thiab suab tej hauj lwm, suab paj nruag rau theatrical ua yeeb yam, zaj duab xis, xov tooj cua tshaj tawm.

Peiko yug hauv tsev neeg txawj ntse. Nyob rau hauv thaum yau thiab cov hluas, nws cov suab paj nruag kev kawm yog ib tug amateur xwm. Lub sijhawm ntsib nrog G. Litinsky, uas txaus siab rau lub peev xwm ntawm tus tub hluas, hloov Peiko txoj hmoo: nws tau los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv suab paj nruag, thiab nyob rau hauv 1937 nws tau mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub thib peb xyoo ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory. los ntawm qhov nws kawm tiav hauv chav kawm ntawm N. Myaskovsky. Twb yog 40s. Peiko tshaj tawm nws tus kheej ob qho tib si raws li ib tug composer ntawm kaj thiab thawj txuj ci, thiab raws li ib tug pej xeem daim duab, thiab raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm 40-50s. ua tim khawv txog kev loj hlob; nyob rau hauv kev xaiv ntawm cov ncauj lus, cov phiaj xwm, cov tswv yim, kev ua neej nyob ntawm kev txawj ntse, kev soj ntsuam tseem ceeb, kev nyiam thoob ntiaj teb, kev dav ntawm kev pom thiab kev coj noj coj ua tau nce zuj zus.

Peiko yog ib tug symphonist yug. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub symphonic ua hauj lwm thaum ntxov, cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws style yog txiav txim, uas yog txawv los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm kev nro ntawm kev xav nrog nws cov lus txwv. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Peiko txoj haujlwm yog qhov kev thov rau lub teb chaws kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Kev sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg kev txaus siab tau tshwm sim hauv kev tsim thawj Bashkir opera "Aikhylu" (ua ke nrog M. Valeev, 1941), nyob rau hauv suite "Los ntawm Yakut Legends", nyob rau hauv "Moldavian Suite", nyob rau hauv Xya Pieces ntawm lub ntsiab. ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no tus sau tau tsav los ntawm lub siab xav xav txog modernity los ntawm lub prism ntawm suab paj nruag thiab poetic tswv yim ntawm cov neeg ntawm ntau haiv neeg.

60-70s Nws yog lub sijhawm rau kev muaj tswv yim zoo thiab kev loj hlob. Lub ballet Joan ntawm Arc coj lub koob meej nyob rau txawv teb chaws, uas yog ua ntej los ntawm kev mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm thawj qhov chaw - pej xeem thiab kev ua suab paj nruag ntawm medieval Fabkis. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hlub ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tau tsim thiab ua suab nrov, cuam tshuam nrog kev thov rau cov monuments ntawm keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, lawv cov yeeb yam ua yeeb yam hauv kev ua tsov rog yav dhau los. Ntawm cov haujlwm no yog oratorio "Hmo ntuj ntawm Tsar Ivan" (raws li zaj dab neeg los ntawm AK Tolstoy "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Nyiaj"), lub voj voog symphonic "In the Strade of War". Nyob rau hauv lub 80s. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog rau cov lus qhia no, cov nram qab no tau tsim: lub oratorio "Hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua qub" raws li lub monument ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv "Zadonshchina", lub chamber cantata "Pinezhie" raws li tej hauj lwm ntawm F. Abramov.

Tag nrho cov xyoo no, suab paj nruag orchestral tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Nws plaub thiab thib tsib symphonies, Symphony Concerto, uas txhim kho cov kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab epic symphony, tau txais qhov kev quaj nrov tshaj plaws rau pej xeem. Kev sib txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm Peiko yog qhov zoo. Cov hauj lwm rau lub suab thiab piano (tshaj li 70) embody lub siab xav kom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab philosophical nkag siab txog cov paj huam ntawm A. Blok, S. Yesenin, medieval Suav thiab niaj hnub American poets. Qhov kev quaj nrov tshaj plaws rau pej xeem tau txais los ntawm kev ua haujlwm raws li nqe lus ntawm Soviet kws sau paj huam - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

Peiko nyiam txoj cai tsis muaj lus nug ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv. Los ntawm nws cov chav kawm (thiab nws tau qhia txij li xyoo 1942 ntawm Moscow Conservatory, txij li xyoo 1954 ntawm Gnessin Institute) tag nrho cov galaxy ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj zoo nkauj tau tshwm sim (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, thiab lwm yam).

L. Rapatskaya

Cov khoom xyaw:

opera Aikhylu (edited los ntawm MM Valeev, 1943, Ufa; 2nd ed., co-author, 1953, tiav); pov pob - Caij nplooj ntoos hlav cua (ua ke nrog 3. V. Khabibulin, raws li cov tshiab los ntawm K. Nadzhimy, 1950), Jeanne d'Arc (1957, Suab paj nruag Theatre muaj npe tom qab Stanislavsky thiab Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow), Birch Grove (1964); rau soloists, hu nkauj thiab orchestra - Cantata Builders of the Future (lyrics by NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratorio Hmo Ntuj ntawm Tsar Ivan (tom qab AK Tolstoy, 1967); rau orchestra - symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; kev hais kwv txhiaj-symphony, 1974), suites Los ntawm Yakut legends (1940; 2nd ed. 1957), Los ntawm Lavxias teb sab antiquity (1948); Moldavian suite (2), symphonietta (1963), variations (1950), 1940 daim ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR (1947), Symphonic ballad (7), overture rau lub ntiaj teb no (1951), Capriccio (rau me symphonic ib., 1959); rau piano thiab orchestra - kev hais kwv txhiaj (1954); rau violin thiab orchestra – Concert Fantasy ntawm Finnish Themes (1953), 2nd Concert Fantasy (1964); chamber instrumental ensembles - 3 kab. quartet (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), decimet (1971); rau piano - 2 sonatas (1950, 1975), 3 sonatas (1942, 1943, 1957), variations (1957), thiab lwm yam; rau lub suab thiab piano - wok. cycles Heart of a Warrior (lus los ntawm Soviet poets, 1943), Harlem Night Sounds (lus los ntawm US poets, 1946-1965), 3 suab paj nruag. duab (lyrics by SA Yesenin, 1960), Lyric cycle (lyrics by G. Apollinaire, 1961), 8 wok. paj huam thiab triptych Caij nplooj zeeg toj roob hauv pes ntawm nqe lus ntawm HA Zabolotsky (1970, 1976), romances ntawm cov nkauj. AA Blok (1944-65), Bo-Jui-i (1952) thiab lwm yam; nkauj rau ua yeeb yam. t-ra, movies thiab xov tooj cua qhia.

Literary tej hauj lwm: Hais txog lub suab paj nruag ntawm Yakuts “SM”, 1940, Tsis muaj 2 (nrog I. Shteiman); 27th symphony by N. Ya. Myaskovsky, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: N. Ya. Myaskovsky. Cov ntawv, ntawv, memoirs, vol. 1, M., 1959; ib. Nco txog tus kws qhia ntawv, ibid.; G. Berlioz - R. Strauss - S. Gorchakov. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsab ntawm Berlioz's "Treatise", "SM", 1974, No 1; Ob tug instrumental miniatures. (Kev tsom xam ntawm cov yeeb yam los ntawm O. Messiaen thiab V. Lutoslavsky), nyob rau hauv Sat: Music thiab Modernity, vol. 9 Ib., 1975.

References: Belyaev V., Symphonic works of N. Peiko, “SM”, 1947, No 5; Boganova T., Hais txog lub suab paj nruag N. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. nws tus kheej, Vocal Lyrics los ntawm N. Peiko thiab nws lub voj voog ntawm cov nqe lus ntawm N. Zabolotsky, nyob rau hauv Sat: Suab paj nruag thiab Modernity, vol. 8 Ib., 1974.