Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev (Alexander Alyabyev) |
Alexander Alyabyev
… Txhua haiv neeg nyob ze rau lub siab. Lub plawv zoo li ciaj sia Zoo, hu nkauj nrog, zoo, pib: Kuv nightingale, kuv nightingale! V. Domontovych
Cov txuj ci no xav paub txog kev xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau tus tib neeg lub siab uas tau sib tw nrog Alyabyev cov suab paj nruag ... kev xav tau ntawm lub siab ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig… B. Asafiev
Muaj cov kws sau nkauj uas tau txais koob meej thiab tsis txawj tuag ua tsaug rau ib qho haujlwm. Xws li yog A. Alyabyev - tus sau ntawm kev hlub nto moo "Nightingale" rau nqe lus ntawm A. Delvig. Qhov kev sib hlub no tau hu thoob plaws ntiaj teb, cov paj huam thiab cov dab neeg tau mob siab rau nws, nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj hloov kho los ntawm M. Glinka, A. Dubuc, F. Liszt, A. Vietana, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm nws cov ntawv sau npe tsis muaj kev txwv. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Nightingale, Alyabyev tshuav ib tug zoo legacy: 6 operas, ballet, vaudeville, suab paj nruag rau ua yeeb yam, ib tug symphony, overtures, compositions rau ib tug tooj dag band, ntau choral, chamber instrumental tej hauj lwm, ntau tshaj 180 romances, kev npaj ntawm. nkauj hmoob. Ntau yam ntawm cov nkauj no tau ua thaum lub sijhawm tus neeg sau lub neej, lawv tau ua tiav, txawm tias ob peb tau luam tawm - kev sib hlub, ob peb zaj nkauj piano, zaj nkauj "Tus Neeg Cuam Tshuam ntawm Caucasus" los ntawm A. Pushkin.
Txoj hmoo ntawm Alyabyev yog qhov txaus ntshai. Tau ntau xyoo nws raug txiav tawm ntawm lub suab paj nruag lub neej ntawm lub nroog lub nroog, nyob thiab tuag nyob rau hauv tus quab ntawm lub ntxa, tsis ncaj ncees accusation ntawm kev tua neeg, uas tsoo nws lub neej nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm plaub caug xyoo, faib nws biography rau ob lub sij hawm sib txawv. . Thawj tus mus tau zoo. Me nyuam yaus xyoo tau siv nyob rau hauv Tobolsk, uas nws tus tswv xeev yog Alyabyev txiv, ib tug enlightened, liberal txiv neej, ib tug zoo hlub ntawm suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv 1796, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov twg thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 14 Alexander tau cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub mining department. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev kawm suab paj nruag loj pib nrog I. Miller, "tus neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo" (M. Glinka), los ntawm ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws tau kawm txog kev sau paj huam. Txij li thaum 1804, Alyabyev tau nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab nyob rau hauv 1810s. Nws thawj cov ntawv sau tau luam tawm - romances, piano pieces, First String Quartet tau sau (thawj luam tawm xyoo 1952). Cov ntawv sau no yog kab tias cov piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias chamber instrumental thiab suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv lub romantic ntsuj plig ntawm cov tub ntxhais composer, lub sentimental paj huam ntawm V. Zhukovsky pom ib tug tshwj xeeb lo lus teb ces, tom qab ntawd muab txoj kev rau cov paj huam ntawm Pushkin, Delvig, lub Decembrist paj huam, thiab thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej - N. Ogarev.
Lub Patriotic War ntawm 1812 relegated suab paj nruag nyiam rau keeb kwm yav dhau. Alyabyev ua haujlwm pub dawb rau cov tub rog, sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov lus dab neeg Denis Davydov, raug mob, tau txais ob daim ntawv xaj thiab khoom plig. Lub zeem muag ntawm kev ua tub rog ci ntsa iab tau qhib ua ntej nws, tab sis, tsis muaj kev mob siab rau nws, Alyabyev so haujlwm hauv 1823. Nyob ib leeg hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg, nws tau los ze rau lub ntiaj teb kev kos duab ntawm ob lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm playwright A. Shakhovsky, nws tau ntsib nrog N. Vsevolozhsky, tus organizer ntawm lub teeb ntsuab kev sau ntawv haiv neeg; nrog I. Gnedich, I. Krylov, A. Bestuzhev. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, thaum yav tsaus ntuj nrog A. Griboyedov, nws ntaus suab paj nruag nrog A. Verstovsky, cov kwv tij Vielgorsky, V. Odoevsky. Alyabyev koom nyob rau hauv concerts raws li ib tug pianist thiab singer (ib tug ntxim nyiam tenor), muaj ntau thiab tau txais ntau thiab ntau txoj cai ntawm musicians thiab suab paj nruag lovers. Hauv 20s. vaudevilles los ntawm M. Zagoskin, P. Arapov, A. Pisarev nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm Alyabyev tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm Moscow thiab St. Petersburg theaters, thiab nyob rau hauv 1823 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow, nws thawj opera, Moonlit Hmo, los yog Brownies, yog staged nrog kev vam meej (libre. P. Mukhanov thiab P. Arapova). … Alyabyev's operas tsis phem dua li Fabkis comic operas, – Odoevsky tau sau rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, 1825, kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim: thaum lub sijhawm ua si hauv daim npav hauv Alyabyev lub tsev, muaj kev sib cav loj, ib tus neeg koom tsis ntev los no tau tuag sai sai. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev coj txawv txawv, Alyabyev raug liam rau qhov kev tuag no thiab, tom qab kev sim peb xyoos, raug ntiab tawm mus rau Siberia. Kev taug kev mus ntev tau pib: Tobolsk, Caucasus, Orenburg, Kolomna…
…Koj yuav muab tshem tawm, Lub tawb kaw ruaj khov Oh, thov txim, peb cov nightingale, Suab nrov nightingale… Delvig sau tau.
“… Tsis txhob ua neej raws li koj xav, tiam sis raws li Vajtswv txib; tsis muaj leej twg tau ntsib ntau npaum li kuv, ib tug neeg txhaum… ”Tsuas yog tus muam Ekaterina, uas yeem ua raws li nws tus kwv raug ntiab tawm mus, thiab nws cov nkauj nyiam raug cawm dim ntawm kev poob siab. Nyob rau hauv exile, Alyabyev koom ib tug hu nkauj thiab ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv concerts. Tsiv ntawm ib qho chaw mus rau lwm qhov, nws kaw cov nkauj ntawm cov neeg ntawm Russia - Caucasian, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar, siv lawv cov suab paj nruag thiab intonations nyob rau hauv nws romances. Ua ke nrog Ukrainian historian thiab folklorist M. Maksimovich Alyabiev sau ib phau ntawm "Lub Suab ntawm Ukrainian Songs" (1834) thiab tas li tsim. Nws sau suab paj nruag txawm nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj: thaum nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam, nws tsim ib tug ntawm nws zoo tshaj plaws quartets - qhov thib peb, nrog variations ntawm lub Nightingale ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub qeeb qeeb, raws li zoo raws li lub Magic Drum ballet, uas tsis tau tawm ntawm cov theem ntawm Lavxias teb sab theaters. tau ntau xyoo.
Tau ntau xyoo, autobiographical nta tau tshwm sim ntau dua thiab meej dua hauv Alyabyev txoj haujlwm. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txom nyem thiab kev khuv leej, kev kho siab, kev mob hauv tsev, kev xav tau kev ywj pheej - cov no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm raug ntiab tawm (kev hlub "Irtysh" ntawm st. I. Vetter - 1828, "Txiv Hmo Ntuj", ntawm st. I. Kozlov (los ntawm T. Mura) - 1828, "Lub caij ntuj no txoj kev" ntawm Pushkin chaw nres tsheb - 1831). Kev ntxhov siab tsis meej pem yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib ntsib tsis sib haum nrog tus qub hlub E. Ofrosimova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova). Nws cov duab tau tshoov siab tus kws sau nkauj los tsim ib qho zoo tshaj plaws lyrical romances "Kuv hlub koj" ntawm st. Pushkin. Nyob rau hauv 1840, tau los ua ib tug poj ntsuam, Ofrosimova los ua tus poj niam ntawm Alyabyev. Hauv 40s. Alyabyev tau los ze rau N. Ogarev. Hauv kev sib hlub uas tsim los ntawm nws cov paj huam - "Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj", "Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj", "Lub Zos Saib Xyuas" - lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis sib xws ntawm kev sib raug zoo thawj zaug, xav txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm A. Dargomyzhsky thiab M. Mussorgsky. Cov kev xav ntxeev siab kuj yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntawm Alyabyev qhov kawg peb qhov kev ua yeeb yam: "Lub Tempest" los ntawm W. Shakespeare, "Ammalat-bek" los ntawm A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, "Edwin thiab Oscar" los ntawm ancient Celtic legends. Yog li, txawm li cas los xij, raws li I. Aksakov, "lub caij ntuj sov, kev mob nkeeg thiab kev txom nyem ua rau nws tsaug zog," lub siab ntxeev siab ntawm Decembrist era tsis ploj mus nyob rau hauv lub composer tej hauj lwm mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub sij hawm.
O. Averyanova
