Karlheinz Stockhausen |
Karlheinz Stockhausen
German composer, suab paj nruag theorist thiab thinker, ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws sawv cev ntawm lub post-war suab paj nruas avant-garde. Yug hauv xyoo 1928 hauv nroog Medrat ze ntawm Cologne. Xyoo 1947-51 nws kawm hauv Cologne Higher School of Music. Nws pib sau hauv xyoo 1950 thiab tau los ua tus koom nrog hauv Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music (qhov twg nws tom qab tau qhia ntau xyoo). Xyoo 1952-53 nws kawm hauv Paris nrog Messiaen thiab ua haujlwm hauv Studio "pob zeb ua suab paj nruag" ntawm Pierre Schaeffer. Xyoo 1953, nws tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm West German Radio's Electronic Music Studio hauv Cologne (tom qab ua nws los ntawm 1963-73). Nyob rau hauv 1954-59 nws yog ib tug ntawm cov editors ntawm lub suab paj nruag magazine "Row" (Tuag Reihe), mob siab rau rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv 1963 nws nrhiav tau lub Cologne Cov Kev Kawm rau Cov Suab Nkauj Tshiab thiab mus txog rau xyoo 1968 ua lawv tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam. Xyoo 1970-77 nws yog tus xibfwb qhia ntawv ntawm Cologne Higher School of Music.
Xyoo 1969 nws tau tsim nws tus kheej "Stockhausen Publishing House" (Stockhausen Verlag), qhov chaw uas nws luam tawm tag nrho nws cov qhab nia tshiab, nrog rau cov phau ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv, phau ntawv, phau ntawv qhia thiab cov kev pab cuam. Nyob rau xyoo 1970 Osaka Ntiaj Teb Kev Ncaj Ncees, qhov twg Stockhausen sawv cev rau lub teb chaws Yelemees sab hnub poob, lub pob tshwj xeeb zoo li lub pavilion tau tsim rau nws txoj haujlwm Expo electro-acoustic. Txij li thaum xyoo 1970, nws tau coj lub neej nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag hauv nroog Kürten. Nws ua yeeb yam ntawm nws tus kheej sau - ob qho tib si nrog symphony orchestras thiab nrog nws tus kheej "tsev neeg" pab pawg. Nws tau sau thiab luam tawm cov ntawv sau suab paj nruag, sau nyob rau hauv lub npe "Texts" (hauv 10 ntim). Txij li thaum xyoo 1998, Cov Kev Kawm Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv Kev Sau thiab Kev Txhais Lus ntawm Stockhausen's Music tau tuav txhua lub caij ntuj sov hauv Kürten. Tus kws sau ntawv tuag rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 2007 hauv Kürten. Ib lub nroog squares muaj npe tom qab nws.
Stockhausen tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1950s, nws tig mus rau serialism thiab pointillism. Txij li thaum nruab nrab-1950s - rau hluav taws xob thiab "spatial" suab paj nruag. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm no yog "Cov Pab Pawg" (1957) rau peb lub suab paj nruag orchestras. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pib tsim "daim ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm" (Momentform) - ib hom "qhib daim ntawv" (uas Boulez hu ua aleatoric). Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv 1950s - thaum ntxov 1960s Stockhausen txoj hauj lwm tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm scientific thiab technological kev vam meej ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, ces txij li thaum mid-1960s nws tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub esoteric sentiments. Tus kws sau nkauj mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau "kev xav" thiab "universal" suab paj nruag, qhov uas nws siv zog los ua ke cov suab paj nruag thiab sab ntsuj plig. Nws cov khoom siv sijhawm siv sijhawm ua ke ua ke cov khoom ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua yeeb yam, thiab "Mantra" rau ob lub pianos (1970) yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "universal formula".
Grandiose opera voj voog "Lub teeb. Xya hnub ntawm lub lim tiam” ntawm lub cim-cosmogonic zajlus, uas tus sau tau tsim los ntawm 1977 mus rau 2003. Tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm lub voj voog ntawm xya operas (txhua tus nrog lub npe ntawm txhua hnub ntawm lub limtiam - xa peb mus rau daim duab ntawm xya hnub ntawm Creation) yuav luag 30 teev thiab tshaj Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. Qhov kawg, ua tsis tiav qhov kev muaj tswv yim ntawm Stockhausen yog "Suab. 24 teev ntawm ib hnub "(2004-07) - 24 sau, txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm ib qho ntawm 24 teev ntawm ib hnub. Lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm Stockhausen yog nws cov suab paj nruag, uas nws hu ua "piano pieces" (Klavierstücke). 19 ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub npe no, tsim los ntawm 1952 txog 2003, qhia txog txhua lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm.
Xyoo 1974, Stockhausen tau los ua Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Siab ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tom qab ntawd Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab Cov Ntawv (Fabkis, 1985), tus yeej ntawm Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1986), tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ntawm Free University of Berlin (1996), ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv teb chaws academies. Xyoo 1990, Stockhausen tuaj rau USSR nrog nws cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag thiab cov khoom siv suab paj nruag ua ib feem ntawm kev ua koob tsheej hnub tseem ceeb rau 40 xyoo ntawm FRG.
Tau qhov twg los: meloman.ru
