Galina Ivanovna Ustvolskaya |

Galina Ustvolskaya

Thawj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog tshiab suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Galina Ustvolskaya pib tsim nws cov lus sau, sau ua suab paj nruag lus, twb nyob rau hauv lub lig 1940s - thaum ntxov 1950s - thiab yog li pib nws txoj hauj lwm ib xyoo caum thiab ib nrab ua ntej sau ntawv ntawm lub sixties tiam, uas mus txog lub tswv yim loj hlob xwb nyob rau hauv. xyoo ”thaw.” Tag nrho nws lub neej nws tseem yog ib tug hermit, ib tug neeg sab nrauv uas tsis koom nrog ib qho ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv lossis cov pab pawg muaj tswv yim.

Ustvolskaya yug hauv 1919 hauv Petrograd. Xyoo 1937-47. Kawm txog kev sib xyaw nrog Shostakovich ntawm Leningrad Conservatory. Thaum lub sij hawm nws tas, lub ascetic tsis tshua muaj neeg thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm heev heev nthuav lus ntawm Ustvolskaya twb tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, nws kuj tau tsim ntau yam hauj lwm rau orchestra, uas tseem haum rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm cov suab paj nruag loj ntawm Soviet. Ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm cov nkauj no yog Yevgeny Mravinsky.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1950s, Ustvolskaya tau ncaim ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv, kiag li renounced muaj tswv yim tsis txaus siab thiab coj ib tug lub neej ntawm ib tug recluse, tsis heev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv sab nrauv txheej xwm. Rau yuav luag ib nrab xyoo ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, nws tsim tsuas yog 25 sau. Qee zaum ob peb xyoos dhau los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nws cov haujlwm tshiab. Nws tus kheej ntseeg tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau tsuas yog thaum nws xav tias Vajtswv hais suab paj nruag rau nws. Txij li thaum xyoo 1970, cov npe ntawm Ustvolskaya cov haujlwm tau hais meej meej txog lawv txoj kev muaj sia nyob thiab sab ntsuj plig, lawv muaj cov ntawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev ntseeg. "Kuv cov ntawv sau tsis yog kev ntseeg, tab sis tsis ntseeg ntawm sab ntsuj plig, vim tias hauv lawv kuv tau muab tag nrho rau kuv tus kheej: kuv tus ntsuj plig, kuv lub siab," Ustvolskaya tom qab hais hauv ib qho kev xam phaj tsawg tshaj plaws.

Ustvolskaya yog ib qho kev tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hauv Petersburg. Nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog nws lub neej yam tsis muaj nws lub nroog thiab yuav luag tsis tau tso tseg. Qhov kev xav ntawm "kev quaj los ntawm hauv av", uas ua rau feem ntau ntawm nws cov hauj lwm, pom tseeb nws cov keeb kwm mus rau phantoms ntawm Gogol, Dostoevsky thiab Kharms. Hauv ib tsab ntawv, tus kws sau ntawv tau hais tias nws txoj haujlwm yog "suab paj nruag los ntawm lub qhov dub." Ntau yam ntawm Ustvolskaya cov ntawv sau tau sau rau me me tab sis feem ntau txawv txawv instrumental ensembles. Xws li - tag nrho nws cov symphonies tom ntej (1979-90) thiab ua haujlwm uas nws hu ua "sib xyaw" (1970-75). Piv txwv li, tsuas yog plaub tus neeg ua yeeb yam koom nrog hauv nws Plaub Symphony (Thov Vajtswv, 1987), tab sis Ustvolskaya categorically txwv tsis pub hu cov haujlwm no "chamber music" - lawv lub zog ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab suab paj nruag muaj zog heev. Cia peb hais cov lus ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Georgy Dorokhov (1984-2013), uas tau tuag tsis tu ncua (nws txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm Ustvolskaya "qhov chaw siab heev"): "Kev tsis sib haum xeeb heev, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis pub peb. hu lawv chamber. Thiab cov cuab yeej txwv tsis pub dhau los ntawm kev xav ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, uas tsis txawm tso cai rau kev xav ntawm tsis tsuas yog superfluous, tab sis tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus ntxiv.

Kev lees paub tiag tiag tuaj rau Ustvolskaya thaum xyoo 1980s, thaum cov kws ntaus nkauj txawv teb chaws hnov ​​​​nws cov nkauj hauv Leningrad. Nyob rau xyoo 1990 - 2000s, ntau lub koob tsheej thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Ustvolskaya lub suab paj nruag tau tshwm sim (hauv Amsterdam, Vienna, Bern, Warsaw thiab lwm lub nroog nyob sab Europe), thiab Hamburg publishing tsev Sikorski tau txais txoj cai luam tawm tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm. Creativity Ustvolskaya tau los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshaj tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj qhov kev mus ncig ntawm tus kws sau nkauj tau tshwm sim txawv teb chaws, qhov chaw ua yeeb yam ntawm nws cov haujlwm yog Mstislav Rostropovich, Charles Mackerras, Reinbert de Leeuw, Frank Denyer, Patricia Kopatchinskaya, Markus Hinterhäuser thiab lwm tus kws ntaus nkauj nto moo. Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov neeg txhais lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Ustvolskaya suav nrog Anatoly Vedernikov, Alexei Lyubimov, Oleg Malov, Ivan Sokolov, Fedor Amirov.

Ustvolskaya lub xeem muaj pes tsawg leeg (Fifth Symphony "Amen") yog hnub tim 1990. Tom qab ntawd, raws li nws, nws tsis xav tias Vajtswv txhais tes dictating tshiab compositions rau nws. Nws yog yam ntxwv uas nws ua hauj lwm xaus nrog lub Soviet Leningrad, thiab kev tshoov siab tso nws nyob rau hauv lub dawb "gangster Petersburg" ntawm lub 1990s. Rau kaum xyoo dhau los thiab ib nrab, nws tsis tau koom nrog hauv suab paj nruag lub neej ntawm nws lub nroog, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txuas lus nrog cov kws kho suab paj nruag thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm. Galina Ustvolskaya tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog siab heev hauv 2006. Tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg tuaj koom nws lub ntees tuag. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lub composer lub 90th hnub yug (2009), lub hnub tseem ceeb concerts ntawm nws compositions tau tuav nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab St.

Tau qhov twg los: meloman.ru