Lorin Maazel (Lorin Maazel) |
Lorin Maazel
Txij li thaum yau, nws nyob hauv Pittsburgh (USA). Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Lorin Maazel yog qhov zoo heev. Thaum peb caug nws twb yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo hauv ntiaj teb nrog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tsis txwv, ntawm peb caug-tsib nws yog lub taub hau ntawm ib qho zoo tshaj plaws European orchestras thiab ua yeeb yam, ib qho tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv cov festivals loj uas tau mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb! Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau npe rau lwm tus piv txwv ntawm xws li kev tshem tawm thaum ntxov - tom qab tag nrho, nws yog qhov tsis lees paub tias tus neeg xyuas pib, raws li txoj cai, twb tau tsim los ntawm lub hnub nyoog loj. Qhov twg yog qhov zais cia ntawm qhov kev vam meej ci ntsa iab ntawm tus kws ntaus nkauj no? Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug no, peb tig ua ntej rau nws phau ntawv keeb kwm.
Maazel yug hauv Fabkis; Cov ntshav Dutch ntws hauv nws cov leeg, thiab txawm tias, raws li tus neeg saib xyuas nws tus kheej tau hais, cov ntshav Indian ... Tej zaum nws yuav tsis muaj tseeb hais tias suab paj nruag tseem ntws hauv nws cov leeg - txawm li cas los xij, txij li thaum yau nws lub peev xwm ua tau zoo heev.
Thaum tsev neeg tsiv mus rau New York, Maazel, raws li ib tug me nyuam tub muaj cuaj xyoos, tau ua - tus kws tshaj lij - lub npe nrov New York Philharmonic Orchestra thaum lub Ntiaj Teb Kev Ncaj Ncees! Tab sis nws tsis xav kom nyob twj ywm ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv prodigy. Kev tshawb fawb violin hnyav sai sai tau muab sijhawm rau nws los muab concerts thiab txawm tias thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum tsib, pom nws tus kheej quartet. Chamber suab paj nruag-ua cov ntaub ntawv ib tug ilv saj, broadens ib tug horizons; tab sis Maazel tsis nyiam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim txiaj thiab. Nws tau los ua ib tug violinist nrog Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra thiab, nyob rau hauv 1949, nws tus neeg xyuas pib.
Yog li, thaum muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum xyoo, Maazel twb muaj kev paub txog kev ntaus suab paj nruag, thiab kev paub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws cov suab paj nruag txuas. Tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias nyob rau hauv txoj kev nws tau tswj kom kawm tiav los ntawm lej thiab philosophical departments ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv! Tej zaum qhov no cuam tshuam rau cov duab muaj tswv yim ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib: nws lub siab kub nyhiab, irresistible temperament yog ua ke nrog kev txawj ntse ntawm kev txhais lus thiab kev ua lej sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Hauv xyoo XNUMX, Maazel txoj kev ua yeeb yam tau pib, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab muaj kev siv zog ntau ntxiv. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau mus ncig thoob tebchaws Amelikas, tom qab ntawd nws pib tuaj rau Tebchaws Europe ntau dua thiab ntau zaus, koom nrog kev ua koob tsheej loj tshaj plaws - Salzburg, Bayreuth thiab lwm yam. Tsis ntev, xav tsis thoob thaum ntxov ntawm lub suab paj nruag lub peev xwm hloov mus rau hauv kev lees paub: nws raug caw mus ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws orchestras thiab ua yeeb yam hauv Tebchaws Europe - Vienna Symphonies, La Scala, qhov twg thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia yog tuav nrog yeej tiag tiag.
Nyob rau hauv 1963 Maazel tuaj rau Moscow. Thawj qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm ib tug hluas, me me-paub tus neeg saib xyuas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib nrab-sab laug tsev. Daim pib rau plaub concerts tom ntej no tau muag tam sim ntawd. Tus neeg saib xyuas kev tshoov siab kos duab, nws tsis tshua muaj peev xwm hloov pauv thaum ua suab paj nruag ntawm ntau hom thiab eras, tau tshwm sim hauv cov masterpieces xws li Schubert's Unfinished Symphony, Mahler's Second Symphony, Scriabin's Poem of Ecstasy, Prokofiev's Romeo thiab Juliet, nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib. K. Kondrashin sau hais tias "Lub ntsiab lus tsis yog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas kev txav," tab sis qhov tseeb tias cov neeg mloog, ua tsaug rau "kev siv hluav taws xob" ntawm Maazel, saib nws, kuj suav nrog cov txheej txheem muaj tswv yim, nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. ntawm cov duab ntawm cov suab paj nruag tau ua. " Moscow cov neeg thuam tau sau tseg tias "kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nrog lub suab paj nruag", "qhov tob ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas kev nkag siab ntawm tus sau lub tswv yim", "saturation ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo nrog lub hwj chim thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm kev xav, lub suab paj nruag ntawm kev xav". "Irresistibly cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov tsos ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, bewitching nrog nws suab paj nruas sab ntsuj plig thiab tsis tshua muaj artistic ntxim nyiam," cov ntawv xov xwm Sovetskaya Kultura sau. "Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav tau ib yam dab tsi ntau tshaj li ob txhais tes ntawm Lorin Maazel: qhov no yog ib tug txawv txawv graphic embodiment ntawm sounding los yog tseem tsis tau suab paj nruag ". Maazel qhov kev mus ncig tom ntej hauv USSR ntxiv dag zog rau nws qhov kev lees paub hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Tsis ntev tom qab nws tuaj txog hauv USSR, Maazel coj cov suab paj nruag loj thawj zaug hauv nws lub neej - nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam ntawm West Berlin City Opera thiab West Berlin Xov Tooj Cua Symphony Orchestra. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm hnyav tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev mus ncig ntau ntxiv, koom nrog ntau lub koob tsheej, thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no nws tau sau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho cov symphonies ntawm Tchaikovsky nrog lub Vienna Symphony Orchestra, ntau tej hauj lwm los ntawm JS Bach (Mass nyob rau hauv B me, Brandenburg concertos, suites), symphonies ntawm Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Sibelius. , Rimsky-Korsakov's Spanish Capriccio, Respighi's Pines ntawm Rome, feem ntau ntawm R. Strauss 'symphonic paj huam, ua haujlwm los ntawm Mussorgsky, Ravel, Debussy, Stravinsky, Britten, Prokofiev… Koj tsis tuaj yeem sau lawv tag nrho. Tsis yog tsis muaj kev vam meej, Maazel kuj ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam - hauv Rome nws tau ua yeeb yam Tchaikovsky's Opera Eugene Onegin, uas nws kuj tau ua.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
