Fikret Amirov |

Fikret Amirov

Kuv pom lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. huv si thiab tshiab, yws nrov nrov, nws khiav hla nws cov teb. Amirov cov nkauj ua pa tshiab thiab purity. Kuv pom ib tsob ntoo dav hlau. Loj hlob hauv paus tob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, nws nce siab mus rau saum ntuj nrog nws lub kaus mom. Akin rau lub dav hlau tsob ntoo no yog cov kos duab ntawm Fikret Amirov, uas tau nce precisely vim hais tias nws tau noj paus nyob rau hauv nws haiv neeg av. Neeb Hazri

Lub suab paj nruag ntawm F. Amirov muaj kev nyiam thiab ntxim nyiam heev. Tus kws sau ntawv cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim yog qhov dav thiab ntau yam, organically txuas nrog Azerbaijani pej xeem suab paj nruag thiab haiv neeg kab lis kev cai. Ib qho ntawm qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Amirov cov suab paj nruag yog suab paj nruag: "Fikret Amirov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj," sau D. Shostakovich. "Melody yog tus ntsuj plig ntawm nws txoj haujlwm."

Lub caij ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag ncig Amirov los ntawm thaum yau. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm nto moo tarksta thiab peztsakhanende (mugham ua yeeb yam) Mashadi Jamil Amirov. "Shusha, qhov twg kuv txiv los ntawm, raug suav hais tias yog lub chaw saib xyuas ntawm Transcaucasia," Amirov nco qab. “… Nws yog kuv txiv uas tau nthuav tawm rau kuv lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub suab thiab qhov zais cia ntawm mughams. Txawm yog ib tug me nyuam los, kuv xav xyaum nws tar ua si. Qee lub sij hawm kuv ua tau zoo rau nws thiab ua rau muaj kev xyiv fab heev. Lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tsim ntawm Amirov tus kws sau ntawv tus cwj pwm tau ua si los ntawm luminaries ntawm Azerbaijani suab paj nruag - tus kws sau nkauj U. Gadzhibekov thiab tus hu nkauj Bul-Bul. Nyob rau hauv 1949, Amirov kawm tiav los ntawm lub Conservatory, qhov uas nws kawm muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv B. Zeidman chav kawm ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm xyoo ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub conservatory, tus hluas composer ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv pej xeem suab paj nruag chav kawm ntawv (NIKMUZ), theoretically to taub cov lus dab neeg thiab kos duab ntawm mugham. Lub sijhawm no, cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj tau mob siab rau cov ntsiab lus muaj tswv yim ntawm U. Gadzhibekov, tus tsim ntawm Azerbaijani kev suab paj nruag thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, lub teb chaws opera, tab tom tsim. "Kuv raug hu ua ib tus neeg ua tiav ntawm Uzeyir Gadzhibekov txoj haujlwm, thiab kuv zoo siab rau qhov no," Amirov sau. Cov lus no tau lees paub los ntawm zaj paj huam "Kev mob siab rau Uzeyir Gadzhibekov" (rau unison ntawm violins thiab cellos nrog piano, 1949). Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Gadzhibekov's operettas (ntawm cov Arshin Mal Alan yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov), Amirov muaj lub tswv yim los sau nws tus kheej suab paj nruas comedy "Tsev neeg lub siab lub ntsws" (tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1943). Txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav raws li kev taw qhia ntawm U. Gadzhibekov. Nws kuj tau pab txhawb rau kev tsim cov hauj lwm no hauv Xeev Theatre of Musical Comedy, uas tau qhib rau xyoo ua tsov rog nyuaj. Tsis ntev Amirov sau zaj nkauj thib ob - Xov Xwm Zoo (tshaj tawm xyoo 1946). Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub opera "Uldiz" ("Star", 1948), symphonic paj huam "Nyob rau hauv nco txog lub Heroes ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog" (1943), ob Concerto rau violin thiab piano thiab orchestra (1946) kuj tshwm sim. . Nyob rau hauv 1947, tus composer sau lub Nizami symphony, thawj symphony rau txoj hlua orchestra nyob rau hauv Azerbaijani suab paj nruag. Thiab thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv 1948, Amirov tsim nws nto moo symphonic mughams "Shur" thiab "Kurd-ovshary", sawv cev rau ib hom ntawv tshiab, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog synthesis ntawm cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Azerbaijani pej xeem neeg hu nkauj-khanende nrog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm European symphonic music. .

"Kev tsim ntawm symphonic mughams "Shur" thiab "Kurd-ovshary" yog Bul-Bul txoj kev pib," sau tseg Amirov, Bul-Bul yog "tus neeg nyob ze tshaj plaws, tus kws pab tswv yim thiab pabcuam ntawm cov haujlwm kuv tau sau txog tam sim no." Ob qho tib si sau ua ib lub diptych, ua ywj siab thiab tib lub sij hawm txuas nrog ib leeg los ntawm kev sib tw thiab kev sib koom ua ke, muaj kev sib txuas melodic thiab ib qho leitmotif. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv diptych belongs rau mugham Shur. Ob qho kev ua haujlwm tau dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm Azerbaijan. Lawv tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb tiag tiag thiab tau tsim lub hauv paus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm symphonic maqoms hauv Tajikistan thiab Uzbekistan.

Amirov tau qhia nws tus kheej los ua tus tsim kho tshiab hauv opera Sevil (post. 1953), sau los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm J. Jabarly, thawj lub teb chaws lyric-psychological opera. Amirov sau hais tias "Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm J. Jabarly paub kuv los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. "Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30s, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam ntawm Ganj, kuv yuav tsum tau ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Sevil tus tub, me Gunduz. … Kuv tau sim khaws cia hauv kuv lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab – lub tswv yim ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm tus poj niam ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj rau nws cov tib neeg txoj cai, cov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tshiab proletarian nrog cov bourgeois bourgeoisie. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev xav ntawm qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov cim ntawm lub heroes ntawm ua yeeb yam los ntawm J. Jabarly thiab Tchaikovsky lub operas tsis tawm kuv. Sevil thiab Tatiana, Balash thiab Herman tau nyob ze rau hauv lawv lub tsev khaws khoom sab hauv. Tus kws sau paj huam hauv tebchaws Azerbaijan Samad Vurgun zoo siab tos txais qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua yeeb yam: "… "Seville" yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag enchanting kos los ntawm cov nyiaj tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm mugham kos duab thiab txawj refracted nyob rau hauv lub opera.

Ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Amirov hauv 50-60s. Ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau symphony orchestra: cov yeeb yuj zoo nkauj suite "Azerbaijan" (1950), "Azerbaijan Capriccio" (1961), "Symphonic Dances" (1963), imbued nrog lub teb chaws melos. Cov kab ntawm symphonic mughams "Shur" thiab "Kurd-ovshary" tom qab 20 xyoo yog txuas ntxiv los ntawm Amirov tus thib peb symphonic mugham - "Gulustan Bayaty-shiraz" (1968), kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov paj huam ntawm ob tug kws sau paj huam sab hnub tuaj - Hafiz thiab Qab. . Nyob rau hauv 1964, tus composer ua tus thib ob tsab ntawm lub symphony rau txoj hlua orchestra "Nizami". (Cov paj huam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Azerbaijani zoo thiab tus kws xav tom qab ntawd tau tshoov nws lub siab los tsim tus neeg ntaus pob tesniv "Nizami".) Nyob rau lub sijhawm 600th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lwm tus kws sau paj huam Azerbaijani, Nasimi, Amirov sau ib zaj paj huam choreographic rau lub suab paj nruag, nkauj hu nkauj, poj niam hu nkauj, tenor, reciters thiab ballet troupe "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm Nasimi", thiab tom qab ntawd ua ib tug orchestral version ntawm no ballet.

Lub ncov tshiab hauv Amirov txoj haujlwm yog tus neeg ntaus pob "Ib txhiab thiab ib Hmo" (post. 1979) - cov yeeb yuj choreographic extravaganza, zoo li radiating cov khawv koob ntawm Arab fairy tales. "Ntawm qhov kev caw ntawm Ministry of Culture ntawm Iraq, kuv tau mus xyuas lub teb chaws no nrog N. Nazarova" (choreographer-tus thawj coj ntawm lub ballet. - NA). Kuv sim nkag siab tob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg Arab, nws cov plasticity, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov suab paj nruag rituals, kawm keeb kwm thiab architectural monuments. Kuv tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas lub teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb ..." sau Amirov. Cov qhab-nees ntawm tus ballet yog ci ntsa iab, raws li kev ua si ntawm timbres ua raws li cov suab paj nruag pej xeem. Drums ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws, lawv nqa ib qho tseem ceeb semantic load. Amirov qhia lwm xim xim rau hauv cov qhab nia - lub suab (soprano) hu nkauj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hlub thiab ua lub cim ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees.

Amirov, nrog rau kev sau ntawv, tau koom nrog kev ua suab paj nruag thiab kev sib raug zoo. Nws yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ntawm lub Union ntawm Composers ntawm lub USSR thiab lub Union ntawm Composers ntawm Azerbaijan, artistic thawj coj ntawm lub Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society (1947), tus thawj coj ntawm Azerbaijan Academic Opera thiab Ballet Theatre muaj npe tom qab. MF Akhundova (1956-59). "Kuv ib txwm ua npau suav thiab tseem npau suav tias Azerbaijani suab paj nruag yuav hnov ​​​​hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb ... Tom qab tag nrho, tib neeg txiav txim siab lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm tib neeg! Thiab yog tias tsawg kawg ib nrab kuv tau ua tiav kuv txoj kev npau suav, kev npau suav ntawm kuv lub neej tag nrho, ces kuv zoo siab, "Fikret Amirov qhia nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim.

N. Aleksenko