Kantele: nws yog dab tsi, keeb kwm ntawm qhov ntsuas, muaj pes tsawg leeg, hom, siv, ua si txheej txheem

Sadko los ntawm ib tug Lavxias teb sab fairy tales ntaus harp, thiab Finnish thiab Karelian tshuab raj siv ib tug zoo xws li cov suab paj nruas ntsuas - lub kantele. Nws belongs rau tsev neeg chordophone, nws ze tshaj "kwv tij" yog zither. Nws suav hais tias yog lub npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv Karelia thiab Finland. Nyob rau sab qaum teb Europe, muaj cov dab neeg hais txog nws, cov dab neeg, cov dab neeg epic tau khaws cia.

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam

Finnish gusli muaj cov cuab yeej yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, lawv tau hollowed tawm los ntawm ib feem ntawm alder ntoo, muab cov tsos ntawm ib lub thawv, nkag nrog cov hlua ntawm tsiaj veins los yog nees plaub hau. Tam sim no kantele yog ib qho sawv ntsug ntawm cov hlua uas ruaj khov, lub suab nrov nrov, kev sib tw pegs. Ib txoj hlua ntsuas yog ua los ntawm spruce, birch pegs, hlua tau ntev tau ua los ntawm hlau.

Qhov loj ntawm Karelian kantele yog me me. Nws qhov ntev tsis ntau tshaj 80 centimeters - nws yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los, nqa nrog koj los ntawm tsev mus rau tsev. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua yuav txawv. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm muaj tsuas yog tsib. Tam sim no cov kws ntaus nkauj siv cov cuab yeej nrog 16 thiab 32 txoj hlua. Cov qub yog diatonic, tom kawg chromatic. Folk music yog ua nyob rau hauv cov ntawv luam diatonic, chromatic sawv daws yuav siv nyob rau hauv classical kev ua tau zoo.

Keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm

Cov ancients txuas ritual tseem ceeb rau qhov ntsuas. Txhua tus uas xav ua si tsis tuaj yeem. Tsuas yog cov neeg pib ua lub cim nco txog tau tso cai rau cov hlua. Feem ntau cov txwj laus ntawm tsev neeg yog cov ua yeeb yam ntawm runes ntawm kantele. Tsis muaj leej twg dares hais thaum kantele tshwm sim. Nws tuaj yeem tau mus rau Karelia los ntawm Finland lossis Baltic, qhov twg siv hom zoo sib xws, hu ua "kankles" lossis "kannel". Cov qauv diatonic ntawm psaltery ua rau nws ua tau tsuas yog ua si yooj yim tunes, mus nrog uncomplicated pej xeem nkauj.

Txhua yam hloov pauv hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, thaum tus tsim ntawm Kalevala epic runes, Finnish epic sau Elias Lennrot, txhim kho kantele. Nws faib cov hlua ua ob kab, ib qho uas muaj cov uas nyob rau hauv lub piano ntiv tes sib raug rau cov yawm sij dub. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho cuab yeej nrog chromatic scale, uas yog tam sim no haum rau kev kawm suab paj nruag.

Cov ntawv luam tsim los ntawm Lennrot tau txais kev cawmdim. Kev npau suav ntawm tus tswv yog nthuav tawm kantele thoob plaws ntiaj teb, qhia kev ua si hauv txhua lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag. Ib puas xyoo tom qab tus sau ntawm lus dab neeg, Viktor Gudkov, editor ntawm Kandalaksha ntawv xov xwm, tau saib ze dua ntawm Finnish harp. Nws zoo siab heev rau lub suab zoo nkauj uas nws tau hloov pauv tus qauv ntawm kantele thiab txawm tsim ib pawg.

Cantelists tau mus ncig thoob plaws lub tebchaws, kaw cov nkauj qub, ua lawv nyob rau theem ntawm Lub Tsev ntawm Kab lis kev cai. Xyoo 1936 lawv yeej All-Union Radio Festival. Gudkov tsim cov duab kos raws li cov thawj prima thiab piccolo-kantele, viola, ntses bass thaj tsam thiab ob chav ntses bass thaj tsam tau ua.

Hom

Raws li nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, txoj hlua ntsuas yog siv rau kev ua yeeb yam solo. Folk song thiab heroic tales raug hu rau nws lub suab. Kantele nrog chromatic tuning yog siv nyob rau hauv orchestras. Muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv hauv suab:

• bass thaj tsam;
• me me
• tau txais;
• siab.

Tau los rau kev kawm suab paj nruag, Finnish gusli pib hu ua ib qho cuab yeej orchestral.

Yuav ua li cas ua si kantele

Cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag zaum saum lub rooj zaum, nteg lub suab nrov ntawm lawv lub hauv caug. Cov hlua yog plucked nrog cov ntiv tes ntawm ob txhais tes. Txoj cai yog teev lub suab nrov, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txheeb xyuas cov hlua ntawm cov ntawv teev npe huab thiab nruab nrab, sab laug ib sab sau rau hauv qhov khoob.

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tus ntiv tes yog yooj yim dua. Ntawm 5-txoj hlua kantele, ib tus ntiv tes tshwj xeeb tau "tso" rau txhua txoj hlua. Cov hlua yog kov nrog lub ntsis ntiv tes, qee zaum kov nrog tus ntiv tes. Yog hais tias lub chordophone suab nyob rau hauv lub orchestra thiab ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug harmonic kev them nyiaj yug, ces rattling yog siv. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem no, kev kawm ua si hauv tsev kawm suab paj nruag pib.

siv

Ob peb lub cuab yeej qub niaj hnub no tuaj yeem khav tau zoo li no. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws sounded nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov zos festivals. Nyob rau sab qaum teb Ladoga cheeb tsam, cus ciav, zoo siab, seev cev suab paj nruag tau dav.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX, lub repertoire ntawm Finnish gusli nthuav dav. Ib txwm ua haujlwm uas tau ua tiav kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus siv. Nyob rau hauv concerts, tus sau lub compositions rau cov twj paj nruag no tau hnov. Solo tsawg dua. Ensemble suab paj nruag yog siv ntau zaus.

Jazzmen, rock musicians kuj tsis hla Finnish harp. Lawv feem ntau siv lawv hauv kev npaj. Inimitable suab muab xim tshwj xeeb, sophistication rau tag nrho cov suab tom qab. Koj tuaj yeem hnov ​​kantele hauv soundtracks rau cov yeeb yaj kiab niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, festivals tau raug teeb tsa uas qhia txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo kawg no, nws qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab paub tsis meej.