Harp: piav qhia ntawm qhov ntsuas, muaj pes tsawg leeg, suab, keeb kwm ntawm creation

Lub harp suav hais tias yog lub cim ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, kev tshav ntuj, kev thaj yeeb, paj huam. Ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab paub tsis meej, zoo li tus npauj npaim tis loj, tau muab kev tshoov siab thiab suab paj nruag rau ntau pua xyoo nrog nws lub suab nrov romantic.

Dab tsi yog harp

Ib lub suab paj nruag uas zoo li ib daim duab peb sab loj uas cov hlua tau tsau yog nyob rau hauv pawg plucked hlua. Cov cuab yeej no yog ib qho yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua yeeb yam symphonic, thiab cov harp yog siv los tsim cov suab paj nruag solo thiab orchestral hauv ntau hom.

Ib lub orchestra feem ntau muaj ib lossis ob lub harps, tab sis kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv suab paj nruag kuj tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Opera ntawm Lavxias teb sab composer Rimsky-Korsakov "Mlada" 3 seev yog siv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub ua hauj lwm ntawm Richard Wagner "Gold of the Rhine" - 6.

Feem ntau, harpists nrog rau lwm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag, tab sis muaj cov solo. Harpists solo, piv txwv li, hauv Lub Nutcracker, Pw tsaug zog zoo nkauj thiab Swan Lake los ntawm Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

Lub suab zoo li cas?

Lub suab ntawm lub harp yog luxurious, noble, tob. Muaj ib yam dab tsi extraterrestrial, saum ntuj ceeb tsheej nyob rau hauv nws, tus mloog muaj kev koom tes nrog ancient tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Egypt.

Lub suab harp yog mos, tsis nrov. Cov ntawv sau npe tsis tau qhia, kev faib timbre yog vague:

• qis sau npe yog muted;
• medium - tuab thiab sonorous;
• siab - nyias thiab lub teeb;
• qhov siab tshaj yog luv, tsis muaj zog.

Nyob rau hauv lub suab harp, muaj suab nrov me ntsis ntxoov cov yam ntxwv ntawm pawg plucked. Cov suab yog muab rho tawm los ntawm zawv zawg txav ntawm cov ntiv tes ntawm ob txhais tes yam tsis siv cov ntsia hlau.

Hauv kev ua si harp, cov nyhuv glissando feem ntau yog siv - qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm cov ntiv tes raws cov hlua, vim tias lub suab nrov zoo nkauj tau muab rho tawm.

Timbre possibilities ntawm harp yog amazing. Nws cov timbre tso cai rau koj ua raws li guitar, lute, harpsichord. Yog li, hauv Glinka's Spanish overture "Jota ntawm Aragon", tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag ua qhov guitar.

Tus naj npawb ntawm octaves yog 5. Cov qauv pedal tso cai rau koj los ua suab nrov ntawm contra-octave "re" mus rau 4th octave "fa".

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam

Cov cuab yeej triangular muaj xws li:

• resonant box txog 1 m siab, nthuav mus rau hauv paus;
• tiaj lawj, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm maple;
• nqaim rail ntawm hardwood, txuas mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub soundboard rau tag nrho ntev, muaj qhov rau threading hlua;
• ib tug loj nkhaus caj dab nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem ntawm lub cev;
• panels nrog pegs ntawm lub caj dab rau kho thiab kho cov hlua;
• pem hauv ntej columnar khib tsim los tiv thaiv kev vibrations ntawm cov hlua ncab ntawm cov ntiv tes thiab cov resonator.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua rau cov twj paj nruag sib txawv tsis yog tib yam. Lub pedal version yog 46-txoj hlua, nrog 11 txoj hlua ua los ntawm cov hlau, 35 ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug me me sab laug harp 20-38 nyob.

Harp hlua yog diatonic, uas yog, flats thiab sharps tsis sawv. Thiab kom txo qis lossis nce lub suab, 7 pedals yog siv. Txhawm rau kom tus harpist sai sai hauv kev xaiv cov ntawv zoo, cov hlua ntau xim tau ua. Cov hlab ntsha uas muab daim ntawv "ua" yog liab, "fa" - xiav.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub harp

Thaum lub suab nrov tshwm sim tsis paub, tab sis keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm qub. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tus progenitor ntawm lub cuab tam yog ib tug dog dig yos hav zoov hneev. Tej zaum cov neeg yos hav zoov thaum ub tau pom tias txoj hlua khi uas muaj zog sib txawv tsis zoo ib yam. Tom qab ntawd ib tug ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov txiav txim siab los ntxig ntau cov leeg rau hauv hneev kom sib piv lawv lub suab hauv ib qho kev tsim txawv txawv.

Txhua tus neeg thaum ub muaj ib qho cuab yeej ntawm daim ntawv qub. Cov harp nyiam kev hlub tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg Iyiv, uas hu nws "zoo nkauj", generously decorated nws nrog kub thiab nyiaj inserts, precious minerals.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov harp niaj hnub tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua XNUMX. Nws tau siv los ntawm itinerant artists. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX, European harp pib zoo li lub hauv pem teb hnyav. Medieval cov hauj sam thiab cov neeg tuaj koom lub tuam tsev tau siv cov cuab yeej rau kev ua suab paj nruag nrog kev pe hawm.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej tau rov sim dua, sim ua kom nthuav dav. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1660, ib tug mechanism uas tso cai rau koj mus hloov lub suab nrog kev pab los ntawm nro thiab tso tawm ntawm cov hlua nrog cov yuam sij yog tsis yooj yim sua. Tom qab ntawd xyoo 1720, tus tswv German Jacob Hochbrucker tau tsim cov cuab yeej pedal uas cov pedals nias rau ntawm cov hooks uas rub cov hlua.

Nyob rau hauv 1810, nyob rau hauv Fabkis, tus kws txawj ntse Sebastian Erard patented ib hom ntawm ob harp uas reproduces tag nrho cov tones. Raws li ntau yam no, kev tsim cov cuab yeej niaj hnub tau pib.

Lub harp tuaj rau Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX thiab yuav luag tam sim ntawd tau nrov. Thawj qhov cuab yeej raug coj mus rau lub koom haum Smolny, qhov chaw uas muaj cov harpists tau tsim. Thiab thawj harpist nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog Glafira Alymova, uas nws portrait yog pleev xim rau los ntawm cov neeg pleev kob Levitsky.

hom

Muaj cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:

1. Andean (los yog Peruvian) - tus qauv loj nrog lub suab nrov nrov uas ua rau cov ntses bass thaj tsam nrov. Folk instrument ntawm Indian pab pawg neeg ntawm Andes.
2. Celtic (aka Irish) - tus qauv me me. Nws yuav tsum tau ua si nrog nws ntawm nws lub hauv caug.
3. Welsh - peb kab.
4. Leversnaya - ntau yam tsis muaj pedals. Kev kho yog ua los ntawm levers ntawm peg.
5. Pedal - classic version. Txoj hlua nro yog kho los ntawm pedal siab.
6. Saung yog ib qho cuab yeej arc ua los ntawm cov tswv ntawm Burma thiab Myanmar.
7. Electroharp - qhov no yog yuav ua li cas ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv classic nrog cov khoom thauj khoom pib hu ua.

Cov Lus Tseeb

Lub harp muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los; Nyob rau ntau pua xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, ntau legends thiab nthuav tseeb tau sau:

1. Cov Celts ntseeg hais tias tus vaj tswv ntawm hluav taws thiab kev vam meej, Dagda, hloov ib lub caij ntawm lub xyoo rau lwm yam los ntawm kev ua si harp.
2. Txij li thaum xyoo pua XNUMX, lub suab nrov tau yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev cov cim ntawm Ireland. Cov cuab yeej yog nyob rau lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, chij, lub xeev foob thiab npib.
3. Muaj ib qho cuab yeej uas tsim los ua ib txoj hauv kev uas ob tus harpists tuaj yeem ua suab paj nruag ib txhij nrog plaub txhais tes.
4. Qhov ntev tshaj plaws ua si los ntawm ib tug harpist siv sij hawm tshaj 25 teev. Tus tuav ntaub ntawv yog American Carla Sita, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (2010) yog 17 xyoo.
5. Hauv cov tshuaj tsis raug cai, muaj cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev kho harp, uas nws cov neeg koom nrog xav txog lub suab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hlua kom kho tau.
6. Ib tug naas ej harpist yog tus serf Praskovya Kovaleva, uas suav Nikolai Sheremetyev poob rau hauv kev hlub thiab coj nws ua nws tus poj niam.
7. Lub tuam txhab Leningrad muaj npe tom qab Lunacharsky yog thawj zaug tsim cov harps hauv USSR xyoo 1948.

Los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau peb lub sij hawm, lub harp yog ib tug tej yam yees siv twj, nws tob thiab soulful suab enchant, bewitch, thiab kho. Nws lub suab nyob rau hauv lub orchestra tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev xav, muaj zog thiab qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis ob qho tib si hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua yeeb yam nws tsim lub siab ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag.