Ukulele: nws yog dab tsi, hom, qauv, suab, keeb kwm, daim ntawv thov

Ib qho ntawm cov nyiam nyiam ntawm Hawaii yog me me, funny saib guitar. Txawm hais tias cov khoom ua si zoo li, lub suab paj nruag nrog lub npe zoo ukulele yog nrov nrog cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag nrov thiab novice. Nws yog compact, yooj yim kawm, thiab nws ci, zoo siab, romantic suab yog reminiscent ntawm lub teb chaws sov Pacific Islands tuaj.

Dab tsi yog ukulele

Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm ib tug genus ntawm guitar - ib tug hlua plucked instrument nrog 4 hlua. Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb yog cov suab paj nruag nrog suab thiab solo ua si.

Lub suab ntawm ukulele yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev ua si Hawaiian pej xeem nkauj, jazz thiab pej xeem nkauj, suab paj nruag thiab reggae.

Keeb kwm yog ukulele

Keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub guitar me me yog luv luv, tab sis cov cuab yeej thawj tswj tau poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov kws ntaus nkauj nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm lub neej. Lub ukulele yog suav tias yog Hawaiian invention, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb cov Portuguese yuav tsum tau ua tsaug rau nws keeb kwm.

Piv txwv li, xyoo 1875, plaub tus neeg Portuguese, npau suav ntawm kev tsim lub neej zoo dua, nkag mus rau Hawaii Islands tuaj. Cov phooj ywg - Jose Santo, Augusto Diaz, Joao Fernandez, Manuel Nunez - coj nrog lawv cov Portuguese 5-txoj hlua guitar - braginya, uas tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ukulele.

Nyob rau hauv exile, cov phooj ywg koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov rooj tog ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pej xeem hauv zos tsis nyiam cov khoom tsim, thiab cov Portuguese, thiaj li tsis mus ua lag luam, pib ua suab paj nruag. Lawv tau sim cov duab thiab suab ntawm Portuguese guitar, ua rau muaj ntau yam me me nrog lub suab nplua nuj thiab muaj zog. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua tau txo qis - tam sim no muaj plaub, tsis yog tsib.

Cov Hawaii txias tau txais kev tsim kho ntawm Portuguese. Tab sis lawv tus cwj pwm hloov thaum, ntawm ib qho ntawm lub teb chaws ua koob tsheej, Hawaiian huab tais David Kalakaua txiav txim siab los ntaus guitar me me. Tus thawj tswj hwm poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib qho cuab yeej zoo, kom nws ua ib feem ntawm Hawaii lub teb chaws orchestra.

Lub npe ntawm lub cuab yeej yog Hawaiian keeb kwm. Lo lus "ukulele" txhais tau tias "dhia flea", thiab yog tias koj rhuav nws ua ob ntu - "uku" thiab "lele", koj tau txais lo lus "los ua tsaug".

Muaj peb lub tswv yim yog vim li cas ukulele thiaj li hu ua:

1. Cov neeg Hawaii uas pom lub guitar thawj zaug xav tias tus ntaus guitar tus ntiv tes khiav raws cov hlua zoo li dhia fleas.
2. Tus huab tais chamberlain hauv Hawaii yog ib tug neeg Askiv, Edward Purvis, tus txiv neej luv luv, nquag, thiab tsis xis nyob. Ua si ib tug me me guitar, nws ua si lom zem thiab clown, thiab nws yog nicknamed lub ukulele.
3. Hawaiian poj huab tais Lydia Kamakaea Paki hu lub txiaj ntsim muab los ntawm plaub tus neeg Portuguese emigrant rau Hawaiian cov neeg "ua tsaug uas tuaj".

hom

Ukuleles tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Cov cuab yeej yuav zoo li ib daim ntawv me me ntawm cov guitar classic, thiab cov kws ua haujlwm kuj tsim cov khoom sib npaug, oval uas zoo ib yam li cov taub taub thiab pineapples, thiab txawm tias square ones.

Lub suab nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov ntsuas. Ntawm daim ntawv loj dua, koj tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv hauv qab no. Ukuleles tau muab faib ua ntau hom los ntawm qhov loj me:

1. Soprano yog hom nrov tshaj plaws. Classical ukulele nrog 12-14 frets.
2. Hom kev hais kwv txhiaj me ntsis loj dua thiab nrov dua li hom soprano. Frets kuj yog 12-14.
3. Lub tenor yog ib hom kev lag luam nrov muaj nyob rau xyoo 1920, nrog lub suab tuab, velvety thiab ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Hnub tim 15-20.
4. Baritone yog lwm hom nrov uas tau pib muag hauv 1940s. Ua kom lub suab sib sib zog nqus, nplua nuj, ntau dua resonant. Frets, zoo li tenor guitar, 15-20.
5. Cov kev xaiv tsawg dua uas tshwm sim tom qab xyoo 2007 yog ntses bass thaj tsam, ob npaug ntses bass thaj tsam thiab piccolo.

Muaj ib tug version ntawm ukulele nrog ob txoj hlua. Txhua txoj hlua yog khi rau ob txoj hlua, uas yog tuned nyob rau hauv unison.

Lub suab ukulele zoo li cas?

Lub ukulele suab lub teeb, ci, nws lub suab radiate lub zog thiab kev cia siab, evoke nco txog lub hnub ci archipelago nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv Pacific, ntawm cov yeeb yuj bouquets ntawm Hawaiian paj.

Lub suab qhib hu ua tuning. Lawv xaiv xws li ib tug system kom lub extraction ntawm feem ntau siv chords yog yooj yim. Ukulele tuning yog atypical rau guitar, nws cov yam ntxwv tau muab hauv qab no.

Standard ukulele tuning yog soprano. Cov npe ntawm cov kab yog raws li nram no:

• ntsev (G);
• rau (C);
• kuv (E);
• la (A).

Txoj hlua enumeration mus ntawm plaub mus rau ib qho (sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab). C-Ea (CEA) txoj hlua tuning, raws li rau classical guitar, uas yog, qhov pib yog qhov siab, qhov kawg yog qis. G txoj hlua yuav tsum suab siab dua 3nd thiab XNUMXrd vim tias nws yog tus octave uas lwm tus XNUMX sau ntawv yog.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm qhov kev sib tw no yog lub peev xwm los ua si tib lub suab paj nruag uas muaj rau kev ua si ntawm classical guitar, pib ntawm 5th fret. Rau cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas nyiam ua si guitar, ntaus suab paj nruag ntawm ukulele yuav zoo li tsis xis nyob thaum xub thawj. Tab sis kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj tuaj sai. Extraction ntawm tus kheej chords yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib los yog ob tug ntiv tes.

Lub caj dab luv luv ntawm ukulele tso cai rau lub twj paj nruag kom ywj siab rau qhov xav tau. Nws yog ua tau los ua tus qauv guitar tuning, nyob rau hauv uas lub suab yuav sib haum mus rau thawj plaub txoj hlua ntawm classical guitar. Ntawd yog, nws hloov tawm:

• kuv (E);
• koj (B);
• ntsev (G);
• re (D).

Rau ukulele, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si yog brute quab yuam thiab sib ntaus. Lawv pluck thiab ntaus cov hlua nrog cov ntiv tes ntawm sab tes xis lossis nrog lub pllectrum.

qauv

Tus qauv ntawm ukulele yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov guitar. Lub ukulele yuav tsum muaj xws li:

• ntoo, khoob hauv lub cev nrog lub tailpiece thiab ib puag ncig lub qhov nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej soundboard;
• caj dab - ib tug ntev ntoo phaj nrog cov hlua yog stretched;
• ntiv tes overlays;
• frets - ntu ntiv tes txiav los ntawm cov hlau protrusions (qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntawv yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub frets rau txhua ntawm 4 txoj hlua);
• taub hau - qhov kawg ntawm lub caj dab nrog pegs;
• cov hlua (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm nylon).

Ukuleles yog tsim los ntawm acacia, maple, tshauv, walnut, spruce, rosewood. Cov ntawv luam pheej yig dua yog ua los ntawm cov yas, tab sis cov analogues no yuav tsis zoo dua li cov khoom qub. Lub caj dab yog machined los ntawm ib lub phaj, thiab hardwood yog siv. Lub guitar sawv yog ua los ntawm yas los yog ntoo.

Tool qhov ntev

Qhov txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm ukulele ntawm cov suab sib txawv:

• qhov siab - 53 cm;
• qhov siab - 58 cm;
• qhov siab - 66 cm;
• baritone thiab ntses bass thaj tsam - 76 cm.

Daim ntawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm ukulele, uas yog 3 m 99 cm ntev, yog tsim los ntawm American Lawrence Stump. Cov khoom, teev nyob rau hauv Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv, ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem ua si ntawm nws.

Cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo

Lub ukulele tau ntev lawm los ua ib qho cuab yeej hauv Hawaiian, tam sim no nws yog ib qho nrov thiab txaus siab guitar los ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag. Ntau tus kws ntaus kis las uas muaj npe nrov tau poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov cuab yeej me me, siv nws ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj, yog li pab txhawb rau nws qhov nrov.

Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ukulele player yog Hawaiian guitarist Israel Kaanoi Kamakawiwoole. Nws tau nyiam ua suab paj nruag guitar txij thaum yau, hauv Hawaii Islands tuaj nws yog ib tus neeg muaj koob meej loj, cov neeg nyiam hu nws tias "tus neeg loj heev".

Hawaiians kuj xav txog Eddie Kamae thiab Gabby Pahinui, uas tsim pab pawg suab paj nruag The Sons of Hawaii, ua hnub qub hauv zos. Lawv ua suab paj nruag patriotic thiab txhawb siab rau guitar nrog kev suav nrog lub teb chaws motifs.

Ntawm cov neeg qhuas zoo ntawm ukulele yuav tsum hu ua:

• jazz musician Laila Ritz;
• Askiv comic actor thiab singer George Formby;
• American guitarist Roy Smeck;
• American actor Cliff Edwards;
• mus ncig ua si suab paj nruag Rocky Leon;
• virtuoso guitarist Jake Shimabukuro;
• Canadian techno tshuab raj James Hill.

Lub ukulele yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo uas tau los ua nrov tsis yog rau nws lub suab ci thiab zoo, tab sis kuj rau nws cov compactness. Nws tuaj yeem coj mus ncig ua si, mus ntsib, mus rau ib qho kev tshwm sim - txhua qhov chaw tus kws ntaus nkauj tsim lub siab nyiam los ntawm kev ua si ukulele.