Guitar - txhua yam hais txog kev ntaus suab paj nruag

Lub guitar yog ib txoj hlua plucked suab paj nruag, ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yog siv los ua ib qho cuab yeej nrog lossis solo hauv ntau hom suab paj nruag thiab cov lus qhia ntawm cov suab paj nruag, yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv cov suab paj nruag xws li blues, lub teb chaws, flamenco, rock-suab paj nruag, qee zaum jazz, thiab lwm yam. Invented nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, hluav taws xob. guitar muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab lis kev cai nrov.

Ib tug kws ntaus suab paj nruag guitar hu ua a guitarist. Tus neeg uas tsim thiab kho guitars hu ua a guitar luthier or luthier ^[1].

Keeb kwm ntawm guitar

Keeb kwm

Cov pov thawj ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej hlua nrog lub cev thiab lub caj dab, cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov guitar niaj hnub, hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo txhiab xyoo BC.^[2] Cov duab ntawm cov kinnor (ib tug Sumerian - Babylonian stringed instrument, hais nyob rau hauv biblical legends) tau pom nyob rau hauv av nplaum bas-reliefs thaum archaeological excavations nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia . Cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws kuj tau paub hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub thiab Is Nrias teb: nabla , nefer , zither hauv Egypt , veena thiab sitar hauv Is Nrias teb . Nyob rau hauv ancient Greece thiab Rome lub cithara ntsuas tau nrov.

Cov thawj ntawm lub guitar muaj ib tug elongated round hollow resonating lub cev thiab ib lub caj dab ntev nrog cov hlua stretched rau nws. Lub cev yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib daim - los ntawm ib tug qhuav taub dag, tortoise plhaub, los yog hollowed tawm los ntawm ib daim ntawm ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lub III - IV centuries AD. e. nyob rau hauv Suav teb, lub ruan (los yog yuan) ^[3] thiab yueqin ^[4] cov twj paj nruag tau tshwm sim, uas lub cev ntoo tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm sab saud thiab sab saud thiab sab txuas rau lawv. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov no ua rau kev taw qhia ntawm Latin thiab Moorish guitars nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 6th. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub XV - XVI centuries, ib tug ntaus ntawv tshwm sim vihuela, kuj influential nyob rau hauv shaping kev tsim kho ntawm lub niaj hnub guitar.

Lub npe ntawm lub npe

Lo lus "guitar" los ntawm fusion ntawm ob lo lus: Sanskrit lo lus "sangita" uas txhais tau tias "suab paj nruag" thiab cov qub Persian "tar" uas txhais tau tias "txoj hlua". Raws li lwm version, lo lus "guitar" los ntawm Sanskrit lo lus "kutur", lub ntsiab lus "plaub-stringed" (cf. setar - peb-stringed). Raws li lub guitar kis tau los ntawm Central Asia los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws mus rau Western Europe, lo lus "guitar" tau hloov pauv: "cithara (ϰιθάϱα)" hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub, Latin "cithara", "guitarra" hauv Spain, "chitarra" hauv Ltalis, "guitare" "hauv Fabkis, "guitar" hauv Askiv, thiab thaum kawg, "guitar" hauv Russia. Lub npe "guitar" thawj zaug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob sab Europe medieval nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th. ^[5]

Spanish guitar

Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm guitar yog Spain, qhov twg lub guitar los ntawm ancient Rome ( Latin guitar ) thiab ua ke nrog cov Arab conquerors ( Hmoob guitar ). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, ib tug guitar tsim nyob rau hauv Spain nrog 5 ob txoj hlua (thawj txoj hlua tuaj yeem yog ib leeg) tau dav. Xws li guitars hu ua Spanish guitars . Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub Spanish guitar, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm evolution, tau txais 6 ib txoj hlua thiab ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm repertoire ntawm tej hauj lwm, qhov tsim ntawm uas muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm. Italian composer thiab virtuoso guitarist Mauro Giuliani.

Lavxias teb sab guitar

Lub guitar tuaj rau Russia kuj lig, thaum nws tau paub nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe rau tsib centuries. Tab sis tag nrho cov suab paj nruag Western pib nkag mus rau hauv Russia tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm 17th thiab pib ntawm 18th centuries. ^[6] . Lub guitar tau txais ib qho chaw ua tsaug rau Italian composers thiab musicians uas tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Russia thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, feem ntau Giuseppe Sarti thiab Carlo Canobbio . Qee lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub guitar ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia ua tsaug rau Marcus Aurelius Zani de Ferranti , uas tuaj txog hauv St. Petersburg hauv 1821, ces Mauro Giuliani thiab Fernando Sor ncig saib . Sor, tawm hauv nws tus poj niam ballerina nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas tau los ua thawj tus poj niam Lavxias teb sab choreographer, mob siab rau ib daim suab paj nruag rau guitar hu ua "Remembrance ntawm Russia" mus rau Russia. Cov khoom no tseem tab tom ua tam sim no ^[6] . Nikolai Petrovich Makarov ^[6] yog thawj tus kws ntaus kis las Lavxias tseem ceeb los ua si rau 18 txoj hlua. Nyob rau hauv Russia, thaum kawg ntawm lub 19th thiab pib ntawm lub XNUMXth centuries, lub xya-txoj hlua version ntawm lub Spanish guitar tau nrov, feem ntau yog vim li cas rau cov kev ua ub ntawm lub txawj sau ntawv thiab virtuoso guitarist Andrei Sikhra uas nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd, leej twg sau. ntau tshaj ib txhiab ua haujlwm rau qhov ntsuas no, hu ua "Lavxias guitar".

Koosloosos

Thaum lub sij hawm 18th - 19th centuries, tus tsim ntawm Spanish guitar tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb, cov masters sim nrog qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm lub cev, caj dab fastening, tsim ntawm peg mechanism, thiab hais txog. Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, tus tsim guitar Spanish Antonio Torres tau muab lub guitar nws cov duab niaj hnub thiab loj. Guitars tsim los ntawm Torres niaj hnub no hu ua classical guitars. Tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus kws sau ntawv Spanish thiab tus ntaus suab paj nruag Francisco Tarrega, uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau cov txheej txheem classic ntawm kev ua si guitar. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, nws txoj hauj lwm tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm Spanish composer, guitarist thiab xib fwb Andres Segovia.

Txheeb hluav taws xob

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub advent ntawm hluav taws xob amplification thiab suab ua technology, ib tug tshiab hom guitar tshwm sim - hluav taws xob guitar. Nyob rau hauv 1936, Georges Beauchamp thiab Adolphe Rickenbecker, tus tsim ntawm lub tuam txhab Rickenbacker, patented thawj hluav taws xob guitar nrog sib nqus pickups thiab lub cev hlau (lub thiaj li hu ua "frying lauj kaub"). Nyob rau xyoo 1950, American engineers thiab ua lag luam Leo Fender, thiab engineer thiab tshuab raj Les Paul lawv tus kheej ntawm ib leeg, lawv tau tsim ib qho hluav taws xob guitar nrog lub cev ntoo, cov qauv tsim uas tseem tsis tau hloov mus rau niaj hnub no. Tus neeg ua yeeb yam tshaj plaws ntawm lub guitar hluav taws xob yog (raws li Rolling Stone magazine) tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag Asmeskas Jimi Hendrix uas nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. ^[7] .

Guitar Muaj

Zoo li txhua yam twj paj nruag, guitar muaj ob peb ntu. Nws zoo ib yam li daim duab hauv qab no. Tus qauv ntawm lub guitar muaj xws li: soundboard, txiv ntseej, sab, caj dab, pegs, txiv ntseej, txiv ntseej, frets, resonator qhov thiab tuav.

tus qauv ntawm lub guitar feem ntau yog qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no

Txhua yam (ib feem) lub luag haujlwm yog dab tsi?

Lub eeb yog ib lub mount rau cov hlua: lawv yog tsau nyob rau ntawd nrog tshwj xeeb cartridges, thaum kawg ntawm txoj hlua mus rau hauv lub guitar.

Lub lawj yog pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum ntawm guitar, Kuv xav tias txhua yam yog qhov tseeb ntawm no lawm. Lub plhaub yog qhov sib txuas ntawm lub hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum, nws ua rau nws lub cev.

Lub caj dab muaj sills. Txiv ntseej - protrusions ntawm lub fretboard. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov txiv ntoo yog hu ua fret. Thaum lawv hais tias "thawj fret" - nws txhais tau tias lawv txhais tau tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub taub hau thiab thawj txiv ntoo.

   
                 fret txiv ntseej - qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txiv ntseej

Raws li rau lub fretboard - koj yuav tau freaking tawm tam sim no, tab sis muaj guitars nrog ob lub caj dab ib zaug!

Lub tuning pegs yog sab nraud ntawm lub tshuab uas zawm (loosen) cov hlua. Tig lub tuning pegs, peb qhib lub guitar, ua kom nws suab zoo.

Lub resonator qhov yog lub qhov ntawm lub guitar, kwv yees li qhov peb sab tes xis nyob thaum ua si guitar. Qhov tseeb, qhov loj dua qhov ntim ntawm lub guitar, qhov tob dua nws lub suab (tab sis qhov no yog deb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb txiav txim siab hauv suab zoo).

Kwv yees Specifications

• Tus naj npawb ntawm frets - los ntawm 19 (classic) txog 27 (electro)
• Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua - los ntawm 4 mus rau 14
• Mensura - los ntawm 0.5 m txog 0.8 m
• Luas 1.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.2 m
• Qhov hnyav - los ntawm> 1 (acoustic) txog ≈15 kg

Kev faib tawm ntawm guitar

Ntau yam ntawm cov guitars uas muaj nyob rau tam sim no tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov hauv qab no:

• Acoustic guitar - ib tug guitar suab nrog kev pab los ntawm lub cev ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug acoustic resonator.
• Hluav taws xob guitar - ib tug guitar uas suab los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob amplification thiab luam tawm ntawm lub teeb liab coj los ntawm cov hlua vibrating los ntawm ib tug pickup.
• Semi-acoustic guitar (electro-acoustic guitar) - ua ke ntawm acoustic thiab hluav taws xob guitars, thaum ntxiv rau lub cev hollow acoustic, pickups kuj muaj nyob rau hauv tus tsim.
• Resonator guitar (resonant lossis resonant guitar) yog ib hom acoustic guitar uas hlau acoustic resonators ua rau hauv lub cev yog siv los ua kom lub ntim.
• Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txuas (MIDI guitar) yog lub guitar tsim los siv los ua ib qho khoom siv rau lub suab synthesizer.

Los ntawm lub nkoj tsim

• Classical guitar - acoustic six-string guitar tsim los ntawm Antonio Torres (XIX caug xyoo).
• Ib tug pej xeem guitar yog ib qho acoustic rau-txoj hlua guitar hloov mus siv cov hlua hlau.
• Lub flattop yog pej xeem guitar nrog lub tiaj tiaj.
• Archtop yog ib qho acoustic lossis semi-acoustic guitar nrog lub convex pem hauv ntej soundboard thiab f-shaped resonator qhov (efs) nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub soundboard. Feem ntau, lub cev ntawm xws li ib tug guitar zoo li lub violin loj. Tsim los ntawm 1920s los ntawm Gibson.
• Dreadnought - ib tug pej xeem guitar nrog ib tug loj lub cev ntawm tus yam ntxwv "rectangular" zoo. Nws muaj qhov nce ntim piv rau cov ntaub ntawv classic thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tsawg zaus hauv cov ntoo. Tsim tawm xyoo 1920 los ntawm Martin.
• Lub jumbo yog ib tug loj version ntawm pej xeem guitar, tsim nyob rau hauv 1937 los ntawm Gibson thiab tau ua nrov ntawm lub teb chaws thiab pob zeb guitarists.
• Western - acoustic los yog electro-acoustic guitar, ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm xws li guitars tau dhau los ua ib tug txiav tawm nyob rau hauv lub xeem frets nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau nws yooj yim li sai tau mus nkag tau rau cov heev kawg frets.

Los ntawm qhov ntau

• Tsis tu ncua guitar - los ntawm D (mi) ntawm ib tug loj octave rau C (re) ntawm lub thib peb octave. Siv lub tshuab ntaus ntawv (Floyd Rose) tso cai rau koj kom nthuav dav ntau yam hauv ob qho lus qhia. Qhov ntau ntawm lub guitar yog hais txog 4 octaves.
• Bass guitar yog ib qho guitar nrog lub suab qis, feem ntau yog ib qho octave qis dua li ib txwm guitar. Tsim los ntawm Fender hauv xyoo 1950.
• Lub tenor guitar yog plaub-txoj hlua guitar nrog luv luv, ntau thiab banjo tuning .
• Lub guitar baritone yog ib qho guitar nrog lub ntsuas ntev dua li lub guitar li niaj zaus, uas tso cai rau nws hloov mus rau qhov qis dua. Tsim los ntawm Danelectro hauv xyoo 1950.

Los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm frets

• Ib qho guitar tsis tu ncua yog ib qho guitar uas muaj frets thiab frets thiab tau yoog rau kev ua si hauv vaj huam sib luag.
• Ib tug guitar tsis muaj fret yog ib tug guitar uas tsis muaj frets. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rho tawm suab ntawm arbitrary pitch los ntawm ntau yam ntawm lub guitar, nrog rau kev hloov du nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm lub suab rho tawm. Fretless bass guitars muaj ntau dua.
• Slide guitar ( Slide guitar ) - ib lub guitar tsim los ua si nrog swb, nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug guitar lub suab hloov smoothly nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv - ib tug swb uas yog tsav los ntawm cov hlua.

Los ntawm lub teb chaws (qhov chaw) ntawm keeb kwm

• Spanish guitar yog acoustic six-string guitar uas tau tshwm sim hauv Spain hauv 13th - 15th centuries.
• Lavxias teb sab guitar yog ib tug acoustic xya-txoj hlua guitar uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 18th - 19th centuries.
• Lub ukulele yog ib qho slide guitar uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm "dej", uas yog, lub cev ntawm lub guitar nyob tiaj tus ntawm tus guitarist lub puab tsaig los yog ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb, thaum tus ntaus guitar zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum lossis sawv ntawm ib sab ntawm lub guitar zoo li ntawm ib lub rooj.

Los ntawm hom suab paj nruag

• Classical guitar - acoustic six-string guitar tsim los ntawm Antonio Torres (XIX caug xyoo).
• Ib tug pej xeem guitar yog ib qho acoustic rau-txoj hlua guitar hloov mus siv cov hlua hlau.
• Flamenco guitar - classical guitar, yoog raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov suab paj nruag flamenco, muaj lub suab zoo dua.
• Jazz guitar (orchestral guitar) yog lub npe tsim rau Gibson archtops thiab lawv cov analogues. Cov guitars no muaj lub suab nrov, paub meej qhov txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag jazz, uas tau txiav txim siab lawv cov koob meej ntawm jazz guitarists ntawm 20s thiab 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX.

Los ntawm lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm

• Solo guitar - ib tug guitar tsim los ua suab paj nruag solo qhov chaw, tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib tug sharper thiab ntau legible suab ntawm ib tug neeg sau ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv classical suab paj nruag, ib tug solo guitar yog suav hais tias yog ib tug guitar tsis muaj ib pawg, tag nrho cov seem yog coj los ntawm ib tug guitar, qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hom ntawm guitar ua si.

• Cov lus qhia Guitar - cov guitar tsim los ua si sib dhos, cov cim los ntawm cov duab dhos thiab ntau dua cov teeb tsa suab nrov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov zaus tsawg.
• Bass Guitar - Ib qho qis qis qis feem ntau siv rau kev ua si bass kab.

Los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua

• Ib tug plaub-txoj hlua guitar (4-txoj hlua guitar) yog ib tug guitar uas muaj plaub txoj hlua. Feem ntau ntawm plaub-txoj hlua guitars yog bass guitars lossis tenor guitars.
• Rau txoj hlua guitar (6-txoj hlua guitar) - ib qho guitar uas muaj rau ib txoj hlua. Cov txheej txheem tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau yam.
• Xya-txoj hlua guitar (7-txoj hlua guitar) - ib tug guitar uas muaj xya ib txoj hlua. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet suab paj nruag los ntawm 18th-19th centuries txog rau tam sim no.
• Kaum ob-txoj hlua guitar (12-txoj hlua guitar) - ib qho guitar nrog kaum ob txoj hlua, tsim rau XNUMX khub, tuned, raws li txoj cai, hauv cov txheej txheem classical hauv octave lossis hauv kev sib koom ua ke. Nws yog ua si tsuas yog los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij pob zeb ntaus suab paj nruag, pej xeem suab paj nruag thiab bards.
• Lwm tus - Muaj ntau tus lej tsawg dua nruab nrab thiab hybrid cov ntaub ntawv ntawm guitars nrog cov hlua ntxiv. Muaj ib qho yooj yim ntxiv ntawm cov hlua kom nthuav dav ntau yam ntawm cov twj paj nruag (xws li tsib-txoj hlua thiab rau-txoj hlua bass guitars), nrog rau ob npaug lossis txawm tripling qee lossis tag nrho cov hlua kom tau txais lub suab zoo dua. Kuj tseem muaj guitars nrog ntxiv (feem ntau yog ib qho) caj dab rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm solo ntawm qee qhov haujlwm.

lwm yam

• Dobro guitar yog resonator guitar tsim nyob rau hauv 1928 los ntawm Dopera cov kwv tij. Tam sim no "Guitar Dobro" yog lub cim lag luam muaj los ntawm Gibson.
• Lub ukulele yog ib qho me me plaub-txoj hlua version ntawm lub guitar tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 hauv Hawaiian Islands.
• Tapping guitar (kais guitar) - lub guitar tsim los ua si siv lub tapping suab extraction method.
• Warr's guitar yog ib qho hluav taws xob tapping guitar, muaj lub cev zoo ib yam li ib qho hluav taws xob guitar, thiab tseem tso cai rau lwm txoj hauv kev tsim suab. Muaj kev xaiv nrog 8, 12 lossis 14 txoj hlua. Tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob.
• Chapman's stick yog hluav taws xob tapping guitar. Tsis muaj lub cev, tso cai rau Kev Ua Si los ntawm ob kawg. Nws muaj 10 lossis 12 txoj hlua. Raws li txoj cai, nws tuaj yeem ua si txog 10 daim ntawv tib lub sijhawm (1 ntiv tes - 1 daim ntawv).

Cov txheej txheem guitar

Thaum ua si lub guitar, tus guitarist pinches cov hlua ntawm lub fretboard nrog cov ntiv tes ntawm sab laug tes, thiab siv cov ntiv tes ntawm sab tes xis los tsim suab nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm ob peb txoj kev. Lub guitar yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus guitarist (kab rov tav los yog ntawm lub kaum sab xis, nrog lub caj dab tsa mus rau 45 degrees), leaning ntawm lub hauv caug, los yog dai ntawm ib tug siv slung tshaj lub xub pwg nyom. Qee cov laug-tes guitarists tig lub caj dab guitar mus rau sab xis, rub cov hlua kom haum thiab hloov cov haujlwm ntawm ob txhais tes - clamp cov hlua nrog sab tes xis, tshem tawm lub suab nrog sab laug. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov npe ntawm ob txhais tes tau muab rau ib tug muaj cai - txhais tes guitarist.

Suab paj nruag

Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab tsim tawm ntawm lub guitar yog pinch - tus guitarist hooks cov hlua nrog lub ntsis ntawm nws tus ntiv tes lossis ntiv tes, rub me ntsis thiab tso tawm. Thaum ua si nrog ntiv tes, ob hom plucking yog siv: apoyando thiab tirando .

txhawb nqa (los ntawm Spanish  txhawb nqa , yiv ) yog apinch tom qab uas tus ntiv tes tso rau ntawm txoj hlua uas nyob ib sab. Nrog kev pab los ntawm apoyando, scale passages yog ua, raws li zoo raws li cantilena, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb sib sib zog nqus suab thiab tag nrho cov suab. Thaum twg kev noj (Spanish tirando - rub), in   Tsis zoo li apoyando , tus ntiv tes tom qab pluck tsis so ntawm qhov nyob ib sab, txoj hlua tuab, tab sis ywj pheej cheb nws, hauv cov ntawv sau, yog tias tsis tau qhia tshwj xeeb apoyando kos npe (^) , ces kev ua haujlwm yog ua si siv cov txheej txheem tirando .

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws ntaus guitar tuaj yeem ntaus tag nrho lossis ob peb txoj hlua uas nyob ib sab ib zaug nrog peb lossis plaub ntiv tes nrog kev siv zog me ntsis. _ Hom kev tsim suab nrov no hu ua rasgueado . Lub npe "ches" kuj muaj.

Lub pinch thiab ntaus tuaj yeem ua tau nrog cov ntiv tes ntawm sab tes xis lossis nrog kev pab los ntawm ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb hu ua plectrum (los yog plectrum ). Plectrum yog ib lub phaj me me ntawm cov khoom tawv - pob txha, yas lossis hlau. Tus ntaus guitar tuav nws tus ntiv tes ntawm nws sab tes xis thiab pinches los yog ntaus cov hlua nrog nws.

Slap yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau niaj hnub style ntawm suab paj nruag. Ua li no, tus guitarist yog ntaus ib txoj hlua nyuaj nrog nws tus ntiv tes xoo, los yog khaws thiab tso ib txoj hlua. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua slap ( ntaus ) thiab pop ( nuv ), feem. Feem ntau nplawm siv thaum ua si bass thaj tsam guitar. _

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, ib tug txawv txawv kev ua si txheej txheem tau nquag tsim, ib txoj kev tshiab ntawm lub suab extraction, thaum txoj hlua pib suab los ntawm lub teeb ntiv tes ntaus ntawm lub frets ntawm lub ntiv tes. Hom kev tsim suab nrov no hu ua tapping (ob - tes tapping thaum ua si nrog ob txhais tes) lossis TouchStyle . Ntawm tapping yog zoo li ua si piano, nrog txhua txhais tes ua nws tus kheej ib feem.

sab laug tes

Nrog rau sab laug tes, tus ntaus guitar tuav lub caj dab los ntawm hauv qab, leaning nws tus ntiv tes xoo ntawm nws sab nraub qaum. Cov ntiv tes tas li yog siv los tuav cov hlua ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm fretboard. Cov ntiv tes raug xaiv thiab suav raws li hauv qab no: 1 - ntsuas, 2 - nruab nrab, 3 - ntiv nplhaib, 4 - ntiv tes me ntsis. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm tes txheeb ze rau frets yog hu ua "txoj hauj lwm" thiab yog qhia los ntawm Roman tus lej . Piv txwv li, yog ib tug guitarist plucks ib txoj hlua nrog qhov 1 ntiv tes rau ntawm 4th fret, ces lawv hais tias tes yog nyob rau hauv 4th txoj hauj lwm. Ib txoj hlua unstretched yog hu ua ib txoj hlua qhib.

Cov hlua yog clamped nrog cov ntaub qhwv ntawm cov ntiv tes - yog li, nrog ib tus ntiv tes, tus guitarist nias ib txoj hlua ntawm ib qho kev ntxhov siab. Yog hais tias tus ntiv tes ntsuas tau muab tso rau hauv lub fretboard, ces ob peb, los yog tag nrho, cov hlua ntawm tib lub fret yuav raug nias ib zaug. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau hu ua " Barre ". Muaj ib tug loj barre (tag nrho barre), thaum tus ntiv tes nias tag nrho cov hlua, thiab ib tug me me barre (ib nrab-barre), thaum ib tug me me ntawm cov hlua (txog 2) yog nias. Cov ntiv tes tas li nyob twj ywm dawb thaum lub sij hawm teeb tsa ntawm lub barre thiab siv tau los clamp cov hlua rau lwm txoj hauv kev. Kuj tseem muaj cov chords uas , ntxiv rau qhov loj barre nrog thawj tus ntiv tes , nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv lub barre me me rau ntawm qhov sib txawv fret , uas ib qho ntawm cov ntiv tes pub dawb yog siv , nyob ntawm "playability" ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb. chord.

Guitar tricks

Ntxiv nrog rau cov txheej txheem kev ua si guitar yooj yim tau piav qhia saum toj no, muaj ntau yam txuj ci uas tau siv los ntawm guitarists hauv ntau hom suab paj nruag.

• Arpeggio (brute quab yuam) - sequential extraction ntawm chord suab. Nws yog ua los ntawm sequentially plucking cov hlua sib txawv nrog ib lossis ntau tus ntiv tes.
• Arpeggio - ceev heev, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txav, sequential extraction ntawm lub suab nyob rau ntawm cov hlua sib txawv.
• Khoov (nruj) - tsa lub suab los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj hlua raws cov txiv ntoo fret. Nyob ntawm qhov kev paub ntawm tus guitarist thiab cov hlua siv, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua kom cov ntawv rho tawm los ntawm ib thiab ib nrab mus rau ob lub suab.
  • Yooj yim khoov - txoj hlua yog thawj zaug thiab ces rub.
  • Prebend - txoj hlua yog thawj zaug rub thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ntaus.
  • Rov qab khoov - ib txoj hlua uas ntsiag to rub, ntaus thiab txo qis rau daim ntawv qub.
  • Legacy khoov - ntaus txoj hlua, zawm, ces txoj hlua yog qis dua rau lub suab qub.
  • Khoov kev tshav ntuj - ntaus ib txoj hlua nrog ib txhij nruj.
  • Unison khoov - yog muab rho tawm los ntawm kev ntaus ob txoj hlua, tom qab ntawd daim ntawv qis dua mus txog qhov siab ntawm qhov siab. Ob daim ntawv suab tib lub sijhawm.
  • Microbend yog ib qho nqa uas tsis kho qhov siab, li ntawm 1/4 ntawm lub suab.
• Sib ntaus - nqis nrog tus ntiv tes xoo, nce nrog qhov ntsuas, nqis nrog qhov ntsuas nrog lub ntsaws, nce nrog qhov ntsuas.
• Vibrato yog qhov hloov pauv me ntsis hauv lub suab ntawm lub suab tawm. Nws yog ua nrog kev pab los ntawm oscillations ntawm sab laug tes raws lub caj dab, thaum lub zog ntawm nias cov hlua hloov, nrog rau lub zog ntawm nws nro thiab, raws li, lub suab. Lwm txoj hauv kev los ua vibrato yog los ntawm kev ua tiav raws sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem "khoov" mus rau qhov siab me. Nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob guitars nruab nrog "whammy bar" (tremolo systems), ib tug lever feem ntau yog siv los ua vibrato .
• Yim (rumba) - ntiv tes qis, ntiv tes xoo, ntiv tes nce } 2 zaug, ntsuas qis thiab nce.
• Glissando yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sau ntawv. Ntawm lub guitar, nws muaj peev xwm nruab nrab ntawm cov ntawv nyob rau tib txoj hlua, thiab yog ua los ntawm kev txav tes ntawm ib txoj hauj lwm mus rau lwm qhov yam tsis tau tso tus ntiv tes nias txoj hlua.
• Golpe (Spanish:  tshuab  - tshuab) - cov txheej txheem percussion, tapping lub suab ntawm lub suab paj nruag guitar nrog tus ntiv tes, thaum ua si. Siv feem ntau hauv cov suab paj nruag flamenco. _
• Legato - kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov ntawv sau. Lub guitar yog ntaus nrog sab laug tes.
  • Sawv (percussion) legato - ib txoj hlua uas twb muaj suab nrov yog clamped los ntawm ib tug ntse thiab muaj zog txav ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm sab laug tes, thaum lub suab tsis muaj sij hawm los nres. Lub npe lus Askiv rau cov txheej txheem no kuj muaj - rauj, rauj - nws.
  • Descending legato - tus ntiv tes rub tawm ntawm txoj hlua, me ntsis khaws nws tib lub sijhawm. Kuj tseem muaj lub npe Askiv - pas dej, pas dej - tawm.
  • Ib tug trill yog ib qho kev hloov ceev ceev ntawm ob daim ntawv ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw rauj thiab pas dej ua ke.
• Pizzicato ua si nrog plucked txav ntawm sab tes xis. Txoj hlua yog tuav nrog sab tes xis ntawm lub forefinger thiab tus ntiv tes xoo, ces txoj hlua rub rov qab qee qhov deb thiab tso tawm. Feem ntau cov hlua yog rub rov qab ib qho luv luv, uas ua rau lub suab nrov. Yog hais tias qhov deb yog loj, ces txoj hlua yuav ntaus lub frets thiab ntxiv percussion rau lub suab.
• Muting nrog xibtes ntawm sab tes xis – ua si nrog muffled suab, thaum sab xis xibtes muab tso rau ib feem ntawm lub sawv (choj), ib nrab ntawm cov hlua. Lub npe lus Askiv rau cov txheej txheem no, siv dav los ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag niaj hnub, yog "tus xib teg mute" (eng . hais tsis tau lus  - lus).  
• Pulgar (Spanish:  ntiv tes xoo  - ntiv tes xoo) - kev ua si nrog tus ntiv tes xoo ntawm sab tes xis. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag hauv flamenco. Cov hlua yog ntaus thawj zaug ntawm sab ntawm lub pulp thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm ntug ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo.
• Sweep (English  sweep - cheb ) - zawv zawg qhov xaiv raws cov hlua nce lossis nqis thaum ua si arpeggios , lossis zawv zawg qhov xaiv raws cov hlua muted nce lossis nqis, tsim kom muaj suab nrov ua ntej daim ntawv tseem ceeb.
• Staccato - luv, staccato sau ntawv. Nws yog ua los ntawm loosening lub siab ntawm cov hlua ntawm cov ntiv tes ntawm sab laug tes, los yog los ntawm muting cov hlua ntawm sab tes xis, tam sim ntawd tom qab noj ib lub suab los yog chord.
• Lub tambourine yog lwm cov txheej txheem percussion uas muaj tapping cov hlua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov muag, haum rau guitars nrog lub cev hollow, acoustic thiab semi-acoustic.
• Tremolo yog ib qho nrawm heev rov pluck yam tsis hloov daim ntawv.
• Lub harmonic yog qhov muting ntawm lub ntsiab harmonic ntawm ib txoj hlua los ntawm kov cov suab nrov raws nraim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw faib nws mus rau hauv ib tug integer tooj ntawm qhov chaw. Muaj kev sib haum xeeb, ua si ntawm txoj hlua qhib, thiab dag, ua si ntawm txoj hlua clamped. Kuj tseem muaj lub npe hu ua tus neeg kho kom haum xeeb uas tsim tawm thaum lub suab tsim ib txhij los ntawm lub pllectrum thiab cov nqaij ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo lossis lub forefinger tuav lub plectrum.

Guitar notation

Nyob rau hauv lub guitar, feem ntau lub suab nyob rau hauv ntau yam muaj peev xwm muab rho tawm nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, lub suab mi ntawm thawj octave tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm 1 txoj hlua qhib, ntawm txoj hlua thib 2 ntawm txoj hlua 5, ntawm txoj hlua thib 3 ntawm txoj hlua 9, _ ntawm txoj hlua 4 ntawm txoj hlua 14, ntawm 5. txoj hlua ntawm 19th fret thiab ntawm txoj hlua thib 6 ntawm 24th fret (ntawm 6 - hlua guitar nrog 24 frets thiab tus qauv tuning). _ _ _ _ Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau tib txoj haujlwm ua si hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, rho tawm cov suab xav tau ntawm cov hlua sib txawv thiab pinching cov hlua nrog cov ntiv tes sib txawv. Hauv qhov no, ib qho sib txawv timbre yuav yeej rau txhua txoj hlua. Qhov kev npaj ntawm tus ntiv tes ntaus guitar thaum ua si ib daim yog hu ua tus ntiv tes ntawm daim ntawd. Ntau yam consonances thiab chords tuaj yeem ua tau ua si hauv ntau txoj hauv kev thiab kuj muaj cov ntiv tes sib txawv. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los sau cov ntiv tes guitar.

Music notation

Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub no, thaum sau ntawv ua haujlwm rau lub guitar, ib txheej ntawm cov rooj sib tham yog siv los qhia qhov ntiv tes ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Yog li, txoj hlua uas nws pom zoo kom ua si lub suab yog qhia los ntawm cov hlua tooj hauv lub voj voog, txoj hauj lwm ntawm sab laug tes (hom) yog qhia los ntawm tus lej Roman, ntiv tes. sab laug tes - tus lej ntawm 1 txog 4 (qhib txoj hlua - 0), ntiv tes ntawm sab tes xis - hauv cov ntawv Latin p , i , m thiab a , thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev xaiv nrog cov cim  (down, uas yog, deb ntawm koj) thiab  (nce, uas yog, ntawm koj tus kheej).

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum nyeem cov suab paj nruag, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub guitar yog ib qho cuab yeej hloov pauv - ua haujlwm rau lub guitar yeej ib txwm kaw ib qho octave siab dua lawv lub suab. Qhov no yog ua kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab ntau ntxiv hauv qab no.

Tablature

Lwm txoj hauv kev los sau ua haujlwm rau lub guitar yog tablature kaw, lossis tablature. Lub guitar tablature tsis qhia qhov siab, tab sis txoj hauj lwm thiab txoj hlua ntawm txhua lub suab ntawm daim . Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv tablature notation, ntiv tes cim zoo ib yam li cov siv nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas notation yuav siv tau. Tablature sau tuaj yeem siv ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ua ke nrog cov suab paj nruag.

Fingering

Muaj cov duab nraaj ntawm cov ntiv tes uas tau siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ua si guitar, kuj hu ua " fingering ". Ib tug ntiv tes zoo sib xws yog ib qho schematically depicted fragment ntawm lub caj dab guitar nrog dots cim nrog rau qhov chaw rau teem tus ntiv tes ntawm sab laug tes. Cov ntiv tes tuaj yeem raug xaiv los ntawm lawv cov lej, nrog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov tawg ntawm lub fretboard.

Muaj ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv software " guitar chord calculators " - cov no yog cov kev pab cuam uas muaj peev xwm xam thiab graphically qhia tag nrho cov ntiv tes ua tau rau ib chord muab.

Accessories rau guitar

Ntau yam khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv yuav raug siv nrog lub guitar thaum siv thiab ua haujlwm, suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Plectrum ( mediator ) - ib lub phaj me me (ua los ntawm yas, pob txha, hlau) nrog lub thickness ntawm 0. 1-1 (qee zaum txog 3) mm, siv rau kev rho tawm suab.
• Slider - lub tog raj kheej hollow ntawm cov khoom tawv thiab du, feem ntau yog hlau lossis iav (lub caj dab), hnav ntawm ib tus ntiv tes ntawm sab laug tes; plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm "sliding threshold", uas tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob discretely hloov lub suab ntawm cov extracted suab.
• Capo - ib qho cuab yeej rau txuas txhua los yog ob peb txoj hlua ntawm ib qho kev ntxhov siab, ua kom yooj yim ua si hauv qee cov yuam sij, nrog rau kev ua kom lub suab ntawm qhov ntsuas.
• Case – ib tug mos los yog tawv los yog rooj plaub rau khaws cia thiab (los yog ) nqa ib tug guitar .
• Stand (stand) - ib qho cuab yeej rau kev ruaj ntseg kho cov cuab yeej rau hauv pem teb lossis phab ntsa, rau lub sijhawm luv luv.
• Lub pluaj guitar yog ib lub pluaj ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov ( tawv lossis hluavtaws ) uas tso cai rau tus ntaus guitar kom xis nyob ua ke thaum sawv.
• Lub guitar clef yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kho lub caj dab ntawm classical guitar (uas yog txuas rau lub cev nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb kho ntsia hlau ).
• Hex ciaj ntswj - t. n. "truss", los kho lub caj dab deflection (thiab, raws li, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hlua thiab frets) ntawm ntau niaj hnub guitars los ntawm loosening - tensioning truss pas nrig . Tib tus yuam sij, tab sis me dua, yog siv ncaj qha thiab kev kho kom zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj hlua thiab caj dab ntawm qee cov qauv ntawm hluav taws xob guitars.
• Turntable - ib qho cuab yeej uas yooj yim rau winding ntawm cov hlua; yog ib tug nozzle - ib tug extension ntawm tus kov ntawm peg mechanism.
• Detachable pickup - nrog rau cov acoustic guitar, cov khoom tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv tau uas tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev tsim guitar, tab sis tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov resonator los yog txuas rau lub cev ntsuas los ntawm sab nraud.
• Lub tuner yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yooj yim rau kev hloov kho guitar los ntawm kev pom qhov qhia qhov tseeb ntawm txhua txoj hlua.
• Instrument cord - ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tsim los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob xaim xaim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj tos rau amplifying, sib tov, kaw lus thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
• Polish rau kev saib xyuas lub cev, caj dab lossis soundboard.
• Lub peg ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv ^[8] uas tso cai rau koj kom nrawm nrawm ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov (piv txwv li, los ntawm tus qauv mus rau "Tshaj D").

References

1. ↑ . Suab paj nruag Dictionary [ Trans . nrog nws. B. P. Jurgenson, ntxiv. rus. department]. _—M. : DirectMedia Publishing, 2008. - CD - ROM
2. ↑ Charnasse, Helene. Six-string guitar  : From the beginnings to the present day . — M . : ” Music “, 1991 . — ISBN 5-7140-0288-1 _ _ _ _ _ _
3. ↑ 阮 ru ntu ; yus n puab. muses. zhuan , yuan ( ancient stringed plucked instrument ) " Ib tug loj Suav - Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv txhais lus nyob rau hauv plaub ntim "
4. ↑ 月琴 yus puab. muses. yueqin ( 4 - hlua ntsuas nrog ib puag ncig lossis 8 - sab lub cev ) "Great Suav - Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv txhais lus hauv plaub ntim "
5. ↑ Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch . ed . A . M . Prokhorov . – 4th ed . _ _ — M . : Owls . encyclopedia , 1989 . ISBN 5-85270-001-0 _ _ _ _ _ _
6. ↑ ^{1 2 3} GUITAR hauv peb lub tebchaws
7. ↑ Rolling Stone Magazine: Daim ntawv teev npe ntawm 100 tus kws tshaj lij Guitarists txhua lub sijhawm.
8. ↑ Cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam lub vev xaib
9. Sharnasset, Helen. Six-string guitar  : From the origins to the present day = Helene Charnasse , La guitare . — M . : ” Music “, 1991 . — ISBN 5-7140-0288-1 _ _ _ _ _ _Mark Philips, John Chappel. Guitar for Dummies( full version )= Guitar For Dummies . — M . : ” Dialectics “, 2006 . — S. _ 384 . — ISBN 0-7645-5106 – X _ _ _ _
10. John Chappel. Rock guitar for ” dummies “= Rock Guitar For Dummies . — M . : ” Dialectics “, 2006 . — S. _ 368 . — ISBN 0-7645-5356-9 _ _ _ _ _ _

Guitar FAQ

Tus nqi guitar zoo npaum li cas?

Rau $ 150-200 muaj ntau tus qauv txawm tias muaj kev sib txuas, nrog rau kev tsim-hauv tuner thiab cov teebmeem. Thiab txawm tias $ 80-100 koj tuaj yeem yuav ib lub guitar zoo nkauj ntawm EUPHONY, MARTINEZ hom, piv txwv li, los yog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov qauv siv nyiaj tsis kim nyob rau hauv nqe, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj thiab suab.

Qhov twg guitar yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los yuav ib tug rau beginners?

Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo pib kev cob qhia nrog classic guitar. Cov hlua nylon mos yog ntsia rau ntawm nws, lub bar muaj qhov dav dav, thiab lub suab tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv zoo li mos thiab puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv xws li guitars, classical tej hauj lwm yog ua, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm jazz thiab flamenco.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm classical thiab acoustic guitar?

Nylon hlua yog siv rau classic guitar. Lawv yog cov mos rau qhov kov thiab nws yooj yim rau clamp lawv ntawm lub guitar lub caj dab. Ntawm cov acoustic guitar muaj cov hlua hlau nruj dua uas ua rau lub suab nrov dua thiab txaus nyiam. Muaj tsawg zaus, tshwj xeeb tsim cov hlua hlau tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm lub guitar classic.