Polyrhythmia |
los ntawm Greek polus - ntau thiab kev sib dhos
Kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv ib txhij ntawm ob lossis ob peb. suab paj nruag kos duab. P. nyob rau hauv ib tug dav dav - lub union nyob rau hauv polyphony ntawm ib tug rheev sawv daws yuav uas tsis coincide nrog ib leeg. kos duab (piv txwv li, hauv ib lub suab - quarters, hauv lwm - yim); rov qab ntawm monorhythm - kev sib dhos. tus kheej ntawm cov pov npav. P. - phenomenon yam ntxwv ntawm muses. kab lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm teb chaws Africa thiab sab hnub tuaj (piv txwv li, ib tug ua ke ntawm ntau yam rhythms ua nyob rau hauv percussion instruments), raws li zoo raws li cov qauv ntawm polyphony nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. suab paj nruag; pib nrog motet ntawm 12th-13th centuries. yog ib qho tsim nyog rau polyphony. P. hauv kev nkag siab nqaim yog xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev sib dhos. kos duab vertically, thaum nyob rau hauv lub suab tiag tiag tsis muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws lub sij hawm chav tsev commensurate nrog tag nrho cov suab (sib txuas ntawm binary divisions nrog tshwj xeeb hom kev sib faib rhythmic - triplets, quintuplets, thiab lwm yam); raug rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm F. Chopin, AN Scriabin, thiab rau A. Webern, composers ntawm 50-60s. xyoo pua 20th
A. Webern. "Nov yog ib zaj nkauj rau koj xwb", op. 3 nr1.
Ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm P. yog polychrony (los ntawm Greek polus - ntau thiab xronos - sij hawm) - kev sib xyaw ntawm cov suab nrog decomp. lub sijhawm ntsuas; li no polychronic imitation (nyob rau hauv loj los yog txo), polychronic canon, counterpoint. Polychrony nrog ib tug loj sib piv ntawm commensurate units yuav muab lub tswv yim ntawm polytempo, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. kev sib txuas ntawm cov suab sib txawv (saib piv txwv hauv qab). Polychrony yog muaj nyob rau hauv polyphony ntawm lub cantus firmus, thaum lub tom kawg yog ua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev tshaj li tus so ntawm lub suab, thiab tsim ib tug contrasting lub sij hawm npaj nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lawv; dav hauv suab paj nruag los ntawm thaum ntxov polyphony mus rau lig baroque, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm isorhythmic. motets los ntawm G. de Macaux thiab F. de Vitry, rau kev npaj choral los ntawm JS Bach (organ, choral):
JS Bach. Choral prelude rau lub cev "Nun freut euch, lieben Christen g'mein".
Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Dutch siv polychrony hauv canons nrog lub sijhawm ntsuas tsis sib xws, "feem ntau" ("proportional canon", raws li L. Feininger). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th nws tau siv tom qab Op. Scriabin, composers ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab Viennese, pl. composers ntawm lub 50s thiab 60s
AW Scriabin. 6th sonata rau piano.
Ib qho ntawm feem ntau hom kev koom tes ntawm P. yog polymetry.
VN Kholopova
