Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky |

Ivan Kozlovsky, tus kws sau ntawv

Tus naas ej harpist Vera Dulova sau:

""Muaj cov npe nyob rau hauv kos duab endowed nrog tej yam yees siv hwj chim. Qhov tsuas hais ntawm lawv coj mus rau tus ntsuj plig lub ntxim nyiam ntawm paj huam. Cov lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab composer Serov tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky - kev txaus siab ntawm peb haiv neeg kab lis kev cai.

Kuv tau tshwm sim los mloog cov suab nkauj ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj tsis ntev los no. Kuv tsuas xav tsis thoob ib zaug ntxiv, vim tias txhua yam yog qhov ua tau zoo. Ntawm no, piv txwv li, kev ua haujlwm nrog lub npe me me thiab pob tshab - "Green Grove" - ​​yog tus cwj mem ntawm peb tus poj niam tam sim no Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev. Sau nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov lus, nws suab zoo li ib tug sincere Lavxias teb sab chant. Thiab yuav ua li cas tenderly, yuav ua li cas nkag mus rau Kozlovsky ua nws.

Nws yeej ib txwm saib xyuas. Qhov no siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm kev ua tau zoo, uas tas li captivate nws, tab sis kuj rau lub repertoire. Cov neeg tuaj koom nws concerts paub tias tus neeg hu nkauj yuav ua ib yam dab tsi tshiab, tsis paub txog nws cov neeg mloog txog tam sim no. Kuv xav hais ntxiv: txhua yam ntawm nws cov kev pab cuam yog fraught nrog tej yam txawv txawv. Nws zoo li tos rau qhov tsis paub, ua txuj ci tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, nws zoo li kuv tias kev kos duab yuav tsum yog qhov tsis paub me ntsis ..."

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky yug rau lub Peb Hlis 24, 1900 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Maryanovka, Kyiv xeev. Thawj qhov kev nyiam suab paj nruag hauv Vanya lub neej yog txuas nrog nws txiv, uas hu nkauj zoo nkauj thiab ua si Viennese harmonica. Tus tub hluas muaj kev hlub thaum ntxov rau suab paj nruag thiab hu nkauj, nws muaj lub pob ntseg tshwj xeeb thiab lub suab zoo nkauj.

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias thaum ib tug tub hluas hluas, Vanya tau pib hu nkauj hauv Trinity People's House hauv Kyiv. Tsis ntev Kozlovsky twb yog ib tug soloist ntawm Bolshoi Academic Choir. Cov pab pawg hu nkauj tau coj los ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj Ukrainian thiab hu nkauj hu ua A. Koshyts, uas tau los ua thawj tus kws tshaj lij ntawm tus kws tshaj lij hu nkauj. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kev pom zoo ntawm Koshyts tias nyob rau hauv 1917 Kozlovsky nkag mus rau hauv Kyiv Music thiab Drama lub koom haum ntawm lub suab department, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm xib fwb EA Muravieva.

Tom qab kawm tiav nrog kev qhuas los ntawm lub koom haum hauv xyoo 1920, Ivan tau ua haujlwm pub dawb rau Red Army. Nws raug xa mus rau 22nd Infantry Brigade ntawm Engineer Troops thiab raug xa mus rau Poltava. Tom qab tau txais kev tso cai los muab kev pabcuam nrog kev ua yeeb yam, Kozlovsky koom nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm Poltava Music thiab Drama Theatre. Ntawm no Kozlovsky, nyob rau hauv essence, tau tsim raws li ib tug opera artist. Nws repertoire suav nrog arias hauv "Natalka-Poltavka" thiab "May Night" los ntawm Lysenko, "Eugene Onegin", "Dab", "Dubrovsky", "Pebble" los ntawm Moniuszko, xws li lub luag hauj lwm thiab technically complex qhov chaw xws li Faust, Alfred ("La. Traviata ”), Duke (“Rigoletto”).

Nyob rau hauv 1924, tus singer nkag mus rau lub troupe ntawm lub Kharkov Opera tsev, qhov twg nws tau caw los ntawm nws cov thawj coj AM Pazovsky. Kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj hauv Faust thiab cov yeeb yam hauv qab no tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam los ua tus thawj coj hauv pab pawg. Ib xyoos tom qab, tau tsis lees txais qhov kev ntxias thiab kev qhuas heev los ntawm Mariinsky Theatre nto moo, tus kws kos duab tuaj txog ntawm Sverdlovsk Opera House. Nyob rau hauv 1926, Kozlovsky lub npe thawj zaug tshwm nyob rau hauv Moscow daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub peev theem, tus singer ua nws debut nyob rau theem ntawm lub ceg ntawm lub Bolshoi Theatre nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm Alfred nyob rau hauv La Traviata. MM Ippolitov-Ivanov tau hais tom qab kev ua yeeb yam: "Tus neeg hu nkauj no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kos duab ... "

Kozlovsky tuaj rau Bolshoi Theatre tsis yog ib tug debutant, tab sis raws li ib tug tsim tswv.

Nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hu nkauj nyob rau hauv lub Bolshoi Theatre VI Nemirovich-Danchenko hais rau nws nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm qhov kev ua si "Romeo thiab Juliet": "Koj yog ib tug neeg siab tawv txawv txawv. Koj mus tawm tsam qhov tam sim no thiab tsis txhob saib rau cov neeg nyiam, cuam tshuam koj tus kheej rau hauv cua daj cua dub ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas lub tsev ua yeeb yam tab tom ntsib tam sim no. Kuv nkag siab tias nws nyuaj rau koj thiab ntau yam ua rau koj ntshai, tab sis txij li koj txoj kev xav muaj tswv yim zoo txhawb koj - thiab qhov no tau hnov ​​​​hauv txhua yam - thiab koj tus kheej txoj kev muaj tswv yim pom nyob txhua qhov chaw, ua luam dej tsis nres, tsis txhob sib tw thiab tsis ua. cia siab tias yuav muaj kev khuv leej rau cov uas koj zoo li txawv txawv."

Tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm Natalia Shpiller: "Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab xyoo pua nees nkaum, ib tug tshiab lub npe tshwm nyob rau hauv lub Bolshoi Theatre - Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky. Lub suab ntawm lub suab, tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev hu nkauj, cov ntaub ntawv ua yeeb yam - txhua yam hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam tau qhia txog kev hais lus, tsis tshua muaj tus kheej. Kozlovsky lub suab yeej tsis muaj zog tshwj xeeb. Tab sis qhov kev rho tawm dawb ntawm lub suab, lub peev xwm los mloog nws tso cai rau tus neeg hu nkauj "txiav" qhov chaw loj. Kozlovsky tuaj yeem hu nkauj nrog txhua lub orchestra thiab nrog txhua pawg. Nws lub suab ib txwm suab meej, nrov, tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm nro. Elasticity ntawm kev ua pa, yoog raws thiab ua kom yooj yim, unsurpassed yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub sab sauv sau npe, zoo meej diction - ib tug tiag tiag vocalist, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tau coj nws lub suab mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws degree ntawm virtuosity ... "

Nyob rau hauv 1927, Kozlovsky hu nkauj lub Holy Fool, uas tau los ua tus pinnacle lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub singer lub tswv yim biography thiab ib tug tiag tiag masterpiece nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Txij no mus, daim duab no tau dhau los ua qhov sib cais los ntawm lub npe ntawm nws tus tsim.

Nov yog qhov P. Pichugin sau: “… Lensky ntawm Tchaikovsky thiab Fool of Mussorgsky. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab opera classics ntau dissimilar, ntau contrasting, txawm rau ib tug tej yam txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lawv purely suab paj nruas aesthetics, dluab, thiab lub caij no, Lensky thiab Dawb Huv Fool yog yuav luag sib npaug zos qhov siab tshaj plaws achievements ntawm Kozlovsky. Ntau ntau tau sau thiab hais txog cov ntu ntawm cov kws kos duab, thiab tseem tsis tuaj yeem hais ib zaug ntxiv txog Yurodivy, cov duab tsim los ntawm Kozlovsky nrog lub zog sib piv, uas hauv nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv Pushkin style tau dhau los ua qhov kev qhia zoo ntawm "txoj hmoo. ntawm cov neeg”, lub suab ntawm cov neeg, lub quaj ntawm nws kev txom nyem, lub tsev hais plaub nws lub siab. Txhua yam nyob rau hauv no scene, ua los ntawm Kozlovsky nrog inimitable txawj ntse, los ntawm thawj mus rau lub xeem lo lus nws hais, los ntawm lub senseless zaj nkauj ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv "Lub hli yuav los, tus menyuam mos quaj" rau cov kab lus nto moo "Koj tsis tuaj yeem thov Vajtswv. rau Tsar Herod" yog tag nrho ntawm qhov tob tob, lub ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus, xws li qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej (thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev kos duab), uas tsa lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb no mus rau qhov kev txom nyem siab tshaj plaws ... Muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv lub ntiaj teb ua yeeb yam (muaj. ob peb ntawm lawv!), uas tau ntev merged nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim nrog ib tug los yog lwm yam zoo actor. Xws li yog tus dawb huv neeg ruam. Nws yuav nyob mus ib txhis hauv peb lub cim xeeb li Yurodivy - Kozlovsky.

Txij thaum ntawd los, tus kws kos duab tau hu nkauj thiab ua si txog tsib caug lub luag haujlwm sib txawv ntawm theem opera. O. Dashevskaya sau tias: "Nyob rau theem ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam nto moo, nws hu nkauj ntau yam - lyrical thiab epic, ua yeeb yam, thiab qee zaum kev tu siab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Astrologer ("Golden Cockerel" los ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov) thiab Jose ("Carmen" los ntawm G. Bizet), Lohengrin ("Lohengrin" los ntawm R. Wagner) thiab Tub Vaj Ntxwv ("Hlub rau Peb Txiv Kab ntxwv "los ntawm SS Prokofiev), Lensky thiab Berendey, Almaviva thiab Faust, Verdi's Alfred thiab Duke - nws nyuaj rau sau tag nrho cov luag haujlwm. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev xav dav dav nrog qhov tseeb ntawm tus cwj pwm kev sib raug zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv, Kozlovsky tsim cov duab uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv kev ncaj ncees, muaj peev xwm thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws raug. "Nws cov cim nyiam, raug kev txom nyem, lawv txoj kev xav yeej ib txwm yooj yim, ntuj tsim, sib sib zog nqus thiab mob siab rau," nco qab tus neeg hu nkauj EV Shumskaya.

Nyob rau hauv 1938, nyob rau hauv lub pib ntawm VI Nemirovich-Danchenko thiab nyob rau hauv lub artistic kev taw qhia ntawm Kozlovsky, lub State Opera Ensemble ntawm lub USSR tau tsim. Xws li cov neeg hu nkauj nto moo li MP Maksakova, IS Patorzhinsky, MI Litvinenko-Wolgemuth, II Petrov, raws li kws pab tswv yim - AV Nezhdanov thiab NS Golovanov. Nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos ntawm lub neej ntawm lub koom haum, Ivan Sergeevich tau ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm nthuav ua yeeb yam operas nyob rau hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj kev ua yeeb yam: "Werther" los ntawm J. Massenet, "Pagliacci" los ntawm R. Leoncavallo, "Orpheus" los ntawm K. Gluck , "Mozart thiab Salieri" los ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Katerina" NN Arcas, "Gianni Schicchi" los ntawm G. Puccini.

Ntawm no yog dab tsi tus kws sau ntawv KA Korchmarev txog thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm pawg, ua yeeb yam Werther: "Cov ntxaij vab tshaus xim av tau teeb tsa thoob plaws tag nrho qhov dav ntawm theem ntawm Great Hall of the Conservatory. Lawv sab saum toj yog translucent: tus neeg xyuas pib pom los ntawm qhov qhib, hneev nti, vultures thiab trumpets flash ntawm lub sijhawm. Hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus muaj cov khoom siv yooj yim, rooj, rooj zaum. Hauv daim ntawv no, IS Kozlovsky tau ua nws thawj qhov kev coj ua…

Ib tug tau txais kev tshoov siab tag nrho ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis ib qho uas suab paj nruag plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hauv qhov no, Kozlovsky tuaj yeem xav txog nws tus kheej yog tus yeej. Lub orchestra, nyob rau tib lub platform nrog cov neeg hu nkauj, suab zoo txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis poob rau cov neeg hu nkauj. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov duab theem tseem muaj sia nyob. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo siab, thiab los ntawm sab no, qhov kev tsim khoom no yooj yim piv nrog txhua qhov kev ua tau zoo mus rau theem. Kozlovsky qhov kev paub, raws li kev ncaj ncees, tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo.

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, Kozlovsky, ua ib feem ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj brigades, ua nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov fighters, muab concerts nyob rau hauv lub liberated lub zos.

Nyob rau hauv lub post-ua tsov ua rog lub sij hawm, ntxiv rau ua ib tug soloist, Ivan Semenovich txuas ntxiv ua hauj lwm - staging ob peb operas.

Los ntawm qhov pib ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm, Kozlovsky tau sib koom ua ke ntawm opera theem nrog rau theem kev hais kwv txhiaj. Nws kev hais kwv txhiaj repertoire suav nrog ntau pua ua haujlwm. Ntawm no yog Bach's cantatas, Beethoven lub voj voog "Rau Ib Tus Neeg Nyob deb", Schumann lub voj voog "Ib tug kws sau paj huam", Ukrainian thiab Lavxias teb sab nkauj. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm kev sib hlub, ntawm cov kws sau ntawv - Glinka, Taneyev, Rachmaninov, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Medtner, Grechaninov, Varlamov, Bulakhov thiab Gurilev.

P. Pichugin sau tseg:

"Ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv Kozlovsky lub chamber repertoire yog nyob los ntawm qub Lavxias teb sab romances. Kozlovsky tsis tsuas yog "nrhiav" ntau ntawm lawv rau cov neeg mloog, xws li, piv txwv li, M. Yakovlev's "Lub caij ntuj no yav tsaus ntuj" lossis "Kuv ntsib koj", uas tau paub thoob ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Nws tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb heev style ntawm lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, dawb los ntawm txhua yam ntawm salon qab zib los yog sentimental falsehood, kom ze li sai tau rau cov huab cua ntawm tej yam ntuj tso, "tsev" suab paj nruag-ua, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov me me pearls ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab. lyrics raug tsim thiab suab ib zaug.

Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej kev ua yeeb yam, Kozlovsky khaws kev hlub tsis hloov pauv rau pej xeem cov nkauj. Tsis tas yuav hais nrog dab tsi lub siab dawb paug thiab sov so Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky hu nkauj Ukrainian nkauj rau nws lub siab. Nco qab txog qhov tsis sib xws hauv nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam "Lub hnub qis", "Au, tsis txhob ua suab nrov, lub pas dej", "Tsav Cossack", "Kuv xav tsis thoob saum ntuj", "Auj, muaj lub suab quaj hauv thaj teb" , "Yog hais tias kuv coj ib tug bandura". Tab sis Kozlovsky yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nkauj ib yam nkaus. Nws txaus rau lub npe cov neeg xws li "Linden-laus centuries", "Huag yog, koj, Kalinushka", "Ravens, daring", "Tsis muaj ib txoj kev khiav hauv teb." Qhov kawg no los ntawm Kozlovsky yog ib zaj paj huam tiag tiag, zaj dab neeg ntawm tag nrho lub neej yog qhia hauv zaj nkauj. Nws lub tswv yim yog unforgettable. "

Thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog laus, tus kws kos duab tsis txo cov kev muaj tswv yim. Tsis yog ib qho kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm Kozlovsky. Thaum pib ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj, lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag tau qhib hauv nws lub tebchaws hauv Maryanovka. Ntawm no Ivan Semenovich txaus siab ua hauj lwm nrog me me vocalists, ua yeeb yam nrog ib tug choir ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky tuag rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 24, 1993.

Boris Pokrovsky sau: "IS Kozlovsky yog nplooj ntawv ci ntsa iab hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab opera kos duab. Lyrics ntawm tus kws sau paj huam opera zoo siab Tchaikovsky; lub grotesque ntawm Prokofiev tus huab tais nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog peb txiv kab ntxwv; tus hluas nkauj nyob mus ib txhis xav txog kev zoo nkauj Berendey thiab tus hu nkauj ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov "nyob deb Is Nrias teb ntawm txuj ci tseem ceeb", lub radiant envoy ntawm lub Grail ntawm Richard Wagner; lub seductive Duke ntawm Mantua G. Verdi, nws nyob tsis tswm Alfred; Noble avenger Dubrovsky ... Ntawm cov npe loj ntawm lub luag haujlwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm muaj tswv yim ntawm IS Kozlovsky thiab qhov tseeb masterpiece - cov duab ntawm tus neeg ruam hauv M. Mussorgsky's Opera "Boris Godunov". Lub creation ntawm ib tug classical duab nyob rau hauv lub opera tsev yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ... Lub neej thiab muaj tswv yim kev ua ub no ntawm IS Kozlovsky yog ib tug piv txwv rau txhua leej txhua tus uas tau coj lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab pab cov neeg nrog nws kos duab.