Alexander Nikolaevich Serov (Alexander Serov) |

Alexander Serov

Nws tag nrho lub neej yog kev pabcuam rau kev kos duab, thiab nws tau txi txhua yam rau nws… V. Stasov

A. Serov yog ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab composer, ib tug zoo heev suab paj nruag critic, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Lavxias teb sab musicology. Nws sau 3 operas, 2 cantatas, orchestral, instrumental, choral, vocal tej hauj lwm, suab paj nruag rau ua yeeb yam, kev npaj ntawm pej xeem nkauj. Nws yog tus sau ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag tseem ceeb ua haujlwm.

Serov yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb tsoom fwv cov thawj coj. Txij thaum yau, tus tub hluas tau pom ntau yam kev nyiam ua yeeb yam thiab kev nyiam ua, uas tau txhawb nqa txhua txoj hauv kev los ntawm nws niam nws txiv. Muaj tseeb tiag, ntau tom qab, leej txiv yuav tawm tsam - txog qhov teeb meem loj - nws tus tub txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag, xav tias lawv tsis muaj kev vam meej.

Xyoo 1835-40. Serov kawm hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Txoj Cai. Nyob ntawd nws tau ntsib V. Stasov, uas sai sai no loj hlob mus rau ib tug ardent kev phooj ywg. Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm Serov thiab Stasov ntawm cov xyoo ntawd yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm yav tom ntej luminaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag thuam. "Rau peb ob leeg," Stasov tau sau tom qab Serov tuag, "Kev sau ntawv no tseem ceeb heev - peb tau sib pab txhawb nqa tsis yog hauv suab paj nruag xwb, tab sis tag nrho lwm yam." Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, Serov lub peev xwm ua tau zoo kuj tshwm sim: nws kawm tiav kev ua si piano thiab cello, thiab nws pib ua tus tswv tom kawg nkaus hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj kev kawm, nws txoj haujlwm pib. Lub Senate, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees, kev pabcuam hauv Simferopol thiab Pskov, Ministry of Interior, St. Petersburg Post Office, qhov chaw uas nws, uas tau paub ntau yam lus nyob sab Europe, tau teev npe ua tus censor ntawm kev sau ntawv txawv teb chaws - cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb. los ntawm Serov txoj haujlwm me me, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj, txawm li cas los xij, rau nws, tshwj tsis yog cov nyiaj tau los, muaj txiaj ntsig loj. Qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev txiav txim siab yog suab paj nruag, uas nws xav mob siab rau nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kab.

Serov lub composing maturation yog nyuaj thiab qeeb, qhov no yog vim tsis muaj kev cob qhia kev cob qhia. Thaum pib ntawm 40s. suav nrog nws thawj opuses: 2 sonatas, romances, as well as piano transcriptions of the great works of JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven thiab lwm yam classical composers. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, Serov tau nyiam los ntawm cov phiaj xwm opera, txawm tias lawv tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov hauj lwm tsis tiav yog ua yeeb yam "May Night" (tom qab N. Gogol). Tsuas yog ib ntu ntawm nws tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no - Ganna Kev Thov Vajtswv, uas yog Serov thawj txoj haujlwm, tau ua hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj rau pej xeem hauv 1851. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, nws qhov kev tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv, Serov tsim nws txoj hauj lwm raws li kev thuam: "Kev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg nyeem Lavxias yog qhov tsawg heev ... sim hais txog kev nthuav tawm ntawm txoj kev kawm no, peb kuj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tias peb cov neeg nyeem ntawv muaj cov tswv yim zoo txog txhua tus, txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag kos duab, vim tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv no pom tseeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag, nws cov kws sau nkauj thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Nws yog nthuav tias nws yog Serov uas qhia lub sij hawm "musicology" rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws suab paj nruag yog tsa nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm: cov hauj lwm ntawm Glinka thiab Wagner, Mozart thiab Beethoven, Dargomyzhsky thiab cov composers ntawm lub Mighty Handful, thiab lwm yam. Thaum pib ntawm lub creation ntawm lub tshiab Lavxias teb sab Music School, Nws tau raug cuam tshuam nrog nws, tab sis tsis ntev Serov thiab Kuchkists tau sib cais, lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo tau ua phem, thiab qhov no ua rau muaj kev so nrog Stasov.

Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm cua daj cua dub, uas tau siv sijhawm ntau Serov, txawm li cas los xij tsis ua rau nws lub siab xav sau nkauj. "Kuv tau coj kuv tus kheej," nws sau xyoo 1860, "qee qhov tsis zoo los ntawm kev ua lub npe rau kuv tus kheej nrog cov neeg thuam suab paj nruag, sau txog suab paj nruag, tab sis lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kuv lub neej yuav tsis nyob hauv qhov no, tab sis hauv suab paj nruag creativity". 60s tau dhau los ua xyoo caum uas coj koob meej rau Serov tus kws sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1862, lub opera Judith tau ua tiav, lub libretto uas yog raws li kev ua si ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Italian playwright P. Giacometti. Nyob rau hauv 1865 - "Rogneda", nplooj siab rau cov xwm txheej los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Russia. Qhov kawg opera yog Tus yeeb ncuab quab yuam (kev tuag cuam tshuam txoj haujlwm, ua yeeb yam tiav los ntawm V. Serova, tus kws sau ntawv tus poj niam, thiab N. Solovyov), tsim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm AN Ostrovsky "Tsis txhob nyob raws li koj xav tau."

Tag nrho Serov's operas tau staged nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg ntawm lub Mariinsky Theatre thiab yog ib tug resounding zoo. Nyob rau hauv lawv, tus neeg sau tau sim ua ke cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Wagner thiab cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub tebchaws. "Judith" thiab "Rogneda" tau tsim thiab ua thawj zaug ntawm theem ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm ci ntsa iab tsim ntawm Glinka thiab Dargomyzhsky twb tau sau tseg (tshwj tsis yog "Lub Pob Zeb Qhua") thiab operas ntawm "Kuchkist" composers thiab P. Tchaikovsky tseem tsis tau tshwm sim. Serov ua tsis tau tejyam los tsim nws tus kheej tiav style. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm eclecticism nyob rau hauv nws operas, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog depicting pej xeem lub neej, nws ua tau zoo expressiveness thiab brilliance. Thaum lub sij hawm, Serov tus neeg thuam overshadowed Serov tus composer. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem hla tawm qhov tseem ceeb uas yog nyob rau hauv nws cov suab paj nruag, tiag tiag txawj ntse thiab thawj.

A. Nazarov