François Joseph Gossec |

Francois Joseph Gossec

Fabkis bourgeois kiv puag ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. "Kuv pom hauv suab paj nruag lub zog zoo" (B. Asafiev), muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam txog kev xav thiab kev ua ntawm tib neeg thiab tag nrho pawg neeg. Ib tug ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas tau txib kom mloog thiab kev xav ntawm pawg neeg no yog F. Gossec. Tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau nkauj ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam, MJ Chenier, hais rau nws hauv zaj paj huam On the Power of Music: "Harmonious Gossek, thaum koj lub suab quaj quaj pom ntawm lub hleb ntawm tus sau Meropa" (Voltaire. - SR), "nyob rau hauv qhov deb, nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti txaus ntshai, lub lingering chords ntawm lub ntees tuag trombones, lub dull rumble ntawm nruj nruas thiab dull howling ntawm Suav gong tau hnov."

Ib qho ntawm cov suab paj nruag loj tshaj plaws thiab pej xeem cov duab, Gossec pib nws lub neej nyob deb ntawm cov kab lis kev cai hauv Tebchaws Europe, hauv tsev neeg cov neeg pluag. Nws koom ua suab paj nruag hauv tsev kawm hu nkauj ntawm Antwerp Cathedral. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum xya, tus tub ntxhais suab paj nruag twb nyob rau hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas nws nrhiav tau ib tug patron, tus zoo heev Fabkis composer JF Rameau. Nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 3 xyoos, Gossec coj ib qho zoo tshaj plaws orchestras nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe (lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb La Pupliner), uas nws coj mus rau yim xyoo (1754-62). Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub zog, kev lag luam thiab txoj cai ntawm Lub Xeev Tus Tuav Ntaub Ntawv tau ua kom nws cov kev pabcuam hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov huab tais Conti thiab Conde. Nyob rau hauv 1770, nws tau tsim lub koom haum Amateur Concerts, thiab nyob rau hauv 1773 nws tau hloov lub Sacred Concerts zej zog, nrhiav tau rov qab rau hauv 1725, thaum ua yeeb yam raws li ib tug xib fwb thiab choirmaster ntawm lub Royal Academy ntawm Music (lub neej yav tom ntej Grand Opera). Vim tias qhov kev cob qhia qis ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj Fabkis txoj kev ua suab paj nruag, yuav tsum tau hloov kho kev kawm suab paj nruag, thiab Gossec tau teeb tsa txog kev teeb tsa Royal Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Hu Nkauj thiab Recitation. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1784, nyob rau hauv 1793 nws loj hlob mus rau hauv lub National Music Institute, thiab nyob rau hauv 1795 mus rau hauv ib tug conservatory, uas Gossek tseem yog xib fwb thiab cov thawj coj soj ntsuam mus txog rau thaum 1816. Ua ke nrog rau lwm cov xib fwb, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm suab paj nruas thiab theoretical kev qhuab qhia. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub kiv puag ncig thiab lub teb chaws Ottoman, Gossec nyiam lub koob meej, tab sis nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub Restoration, lub yim caum-xyoo-laus republican composer raug tshem tawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub conservatory thiab kev ua si.

Qhov ntau yam ntawm kev muaj tswv yim nyiam ntawm Xeev Tus Tuav Ntaub Ntawv yog dav heev. Nws tau sau comic operas thiab lyrical ua yeeb yam, ballets thiab suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam, oratorios thiab pawg (xws li requiem, 1760). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam yog cov suab paj nruag rau kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Fabkis Revolution, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag (60 symphonies, kwv yees li 50 quartets, trios, overtures). Ib tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis Fab Kis ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, Gossec tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb los ntawm nws cov neeg kawm rau nws lub peev xwm los qhia txog Fabkis lub tebchaws rau kev ua haujlwm orchestral: seev cev, nkauj, arioznost. Tej zaum yog vim li cas nws feem ntau hu ua tus tsim ntawm Fabkis symphony. Tab sis lub yeeb koob tiag tiag ntawm Gossek yog nyob rau hauv nws zaj nkauj monumental revolutionary-patriotic song. Tus sau zaj nkauj “Lub Xya Hli Ntuj 200”, hu nkauj “Wake, people!”, “Hymn to Freedom”, “Te Deum” (rau XNUMX tus ua yeeb yam), lub npe hu ua Pam tuag lub Peb Hlis (uas tau los ua qauv ntawm kev pam tuag taug kev hauv symphonic thiab instrumental tej hauj lwm ntawm composers ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX), Gossek siv yooj yim thiab nkag siab rau ib tug dav listener intonations, suab paj nruas dluab. Lawv qhov ci ntsa iab thiab qhov tshiab tau zoo li qhov nco ntawm lawv tau khaws cia hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus kws sau nkauj ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX - los ntawm Beethoven mus rau Berlioz thiab Verdi.

S. Rytsaev