Kev hloov |

los ntawm lig alteratio - hloov

1) Kev nce lossis txo qis ntawm qhov ntsuas lub ntsiab yam tsis hloov nws lub npe. Kev sib tsoo: (ntse, nce los ntawm semitone), (pav, ntog los ntawm semitone), (ob-ntse, nce los ntawm ib lub suab), (ob npaug-flat, ntog los ntawm ib lub suab). Cov cim qhia ntawm triple nce thiab txo qis yog tsis siv (ib qho kev zam yog nyob rau hauv Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh, tooj 220).

Kev sib tsoo thaum pib ntawm kab suab paj nruag nrog tus yuam sij (tus yuam sij) siv tau hauv txhua lub octaves kom txog thaum lawv hloov. Kev huam yuaj ua ntej sau ntawv (random) tsuas yog siv tau hauv ib qho octave hauv ib lub bar. Kev tsis kam hloov pauv yog qhia los ntawm kos npe (bekar).

Thaum pib, lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab B, uas twb tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10th. Ib daim paib puag ncig qhia txog daim ntawv qis (lossis "mos", Fabkis -mol, li no lub sij hawm tiaj tus); rectangular – siab dua ("square", Fabkis. sarry, li no tus becar); lub cim rau lub sij hawm ntev (txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th) yog ib tug sib npaug version ntawm lub bekar.

Thaum pib ntawm 17-18 centuries. random thiab pib ua kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm lub bar (yav tas los lawv tseem siv tau tsuas yog thaum tib daim ntawv rov qab), ob npaug kev raug mob tau qhia. Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub no, vim qhov nyiam ntawm chromatization ntawm lub tonal system, qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb feem ntau poob nws lub ntsiab lus (lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd). Hauv cov suab paj nruag dodecaphone, qhov xwm txheej feem ntau yog muab tso ua ntej txhua daim ntawv hloov pauv (nrog rau qhov tshwj tsis yog cov rov ua dua hauv kev ntsuas); ob lub cim tsis siv.

2) Nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog to taub raws li kev hloov kho chromatic ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplai, ua kom lawv cov kev nyiam rau cov khoom ruaj khov (rau lub suab ntawm tonic triad). Piv txwv li, hauv C loj:

Chords uas muaj chromatically hloov suab yog hu ua hloov. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tsim 3 pawg. Lub hauv paus ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog ib qho kev nce rau thib rau, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho semitone saum toj ib lub suab ntawm tonic triad. Cov lus hloov pauv chords (raws li IV Sposobin):

Hauv lwm qhov kev txhais, kev hloov pauv feem ntau txhais tau hais tias txhua qhov kev hloov pauv chromatic ntawm diatonic chord, tsis hais seb qhov chromatic txav mus rau lub suab tonic lossis tsis (X. Riemann, G. Schenker, A. Schoenberg, G. Erpf). Piv txwv li, hauv C-dur, ce-ges yog kev hloov pauv ntawm XNUMXst degree triad, a-cis-e yog XNUMXth degree triad.

3) Nyob rau hauv mensural notation, alternation is the double of the second of two equal note durations (piv txwv li, qhov thib ob ntawm ob semibrevises) thaum converting ib tug ob-seem 'meter' rau hauv ib tug peb-seem ib; | | nyob rau hauv ob chav 'meter' (nyob rau hauv niaj hnub rhythmic notation) tig mus rau hauv | | hauv tripartite.

References: Tyulin Yu., Qhia txog kev sib haum xeeb, ntu I, L., 1937, M., 1966; Aerova F., Ladova alteration, K., 1962; Berkov V., Harmony, part 2, M., 1964, (tag nrho 3 qhov hauv ib ntim) M., 1970; Sposobin I., Lectures on the course of harmony, M., 1968; Schenker H., Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien…, Bd 1, B.-Stuttg., 1906; Schönberg A., Harmonlelehre, Lpz.-W., 1911, W., 1949; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonie- und Modulationslehre, Lpz., 1913; Kurth E., Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise hauv Wagners “Tristan”, Bern, 1920; Erpf H., Studien zur Harmonie- und Klangtechnik der neueren Musik, Lpz., 1927.

Yu. N. Kholopov