zaj nkauj |
Zaj duab xis suab paj nruag yog ib feem ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhia. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm art-va muses. Tus tsim ntawm zaj duab xis distinguishes ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm ntsiag to thiab lub sij hawm ntawm suab xinesmas.
Nyob rau hauv ntsiag to xinesmas, suab paj nruag tseem tsis tau ib feem ntawm zaj duab xis. Nws tshwm sim tsis nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm nws ua qauv qhia - qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm cov yeeb yaj duab tau nrog pianist-illustrators, trios, thiab tej zaum orchestras. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xav tau tiag tiag rau suab paj nruag. accompaniment twb nyob rau hauv no thaum ntxov theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cinematography qhia nws lub suab-visual xwm. Suab paj nruag tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas ntsiag to. Albums suab paj nruag pom zoo kom nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tso tawm. ua haujlwm. Ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj-tus kws kos duab, lawv tib lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev ua qauv, kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam txuj ci. cov tswv yim rau ib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm direct illustrativeness. Yog li, piv txwv li, melodrama tau nrog hysterical romance music, comic. films – humoresques, scherzos, taug txuj kev nyuaj films – ntawm ib tug gallop, thiab lwm yam Xyoo 1908 C. Saint-Saens tau tsim cov suab paj nruag (chaw rau cov hlua, cov twj paj nruag, piano thiab harmonium hauv 5 qhov chaw) rau qhov premiere ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab The Assassination of the Duke of Guise. Cov kev sim zoo sib xws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Asmeskas.
Hauv Sov. Lub koom haum nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm ib qho tshiab, kev hloov pauv zaj duab xis kos duab, ib txoj hauv kev sib txawv rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tau tshwm sim - thawj claviers thiab cov qhab nias suab paj nruag pib tsim. nrog rau qee cov yeeb yaj kiab. Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov suab paj nruag los ntawm DD Shostakovich rau zaj duab xis "New Babylon" (1929). Nyob rau hauv 1928 nws. Tus kws sau nkauj E. Meisel sau suab paj nruag los ua qauv qhia owls. zaj duab xis "Battleship Potemkin" nyob rau hauv Berlin. Cov kws sau nkauj tau nrhiav kom pom qhov tshwj xeeb, kev ywj pheej thiab kev ua suab paj nruag, txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cinematography. ntau lawm, nws lub koom haum internal.
Nrog rau kev tsim khoom siv suab kaw, txhua zaj duab xis tau txais nws tus kheej lub suab nrov. Nws lub suab nrov suav nrog cov lus suab thiab suab nrov.
Txij li thaum yug ntawm suab xinesmas, twb nyob rau hauv 1930s. muaj kev faib cov cinematography rau hauv intraframe - pob zeb, kev txhawb siab, kev ncaj ncees los ntawm lub suab ntawm ib qho cuab yeej piav qhia nyob rau hauv lub thav duab, lub xov tooj cua nrov, hu nkauj ntawm tus cwj pwm, thiab lwm yam, thiab offscreen - "tus kws sau ntawv", "conditional". Off-screen suab paj nruag yog, raws li nws tau, tshem tawm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thiab tib lub sij hawm characterizes cov xwm txheej ntawm zaj duab xis, qhia txog qhov zais ntshis ntawm zaj dab neeg.
Nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj duab ntawm lub 30s, uas yog notable rau lawv ntse dramatization ntawm zajlus, cov suab paj nruag tau txais qhov tseem ceeb heev; lo lus thiab kev ua tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ua tus cwj pwm. Xws li ib tug cinematic tus qauv xav tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm intra-frame suab paj nruag, ncaj qha concretizing lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Composers nrhiav kom muab lawv tus kheej txhais lus ntawm muses. cov duab; nyob rau hauv-frame suab paj nruag los ua off-screen. Thaum ntxov 30s. cim los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov semantic suav nrog cov suab paj nruag hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab raws li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb cinematic. tiv thaiv. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag ntawm cov cim thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab yog zaj nkauj. Suab paj nruag tau nthuav dav thaum lub sijhawm no. movie comedy raws li ib zaj nkauj nrov.
Cov qauv classic ntawm K. ntawm hom no tau tsim los ntawm IO Dunaevsky. Nws suab paj nruag, nkauj rau cov yeeb yaj kiab ("Zoo Siab Txais Tos", 1934, "Circus", 1936, "Volga-Volga", 1938, dir. GA Alexandrov; "Rich Bride", 1938, "Kuban Cossacks", 1950, qhia los ntawm IA Pyriev), imbued nrog tus cwj pwm zoo siab, txawv ntawm leitmotif ntawm cov yam ntxwv, thematic. simplicity, siab dawb paug, tau txais koob meej.
Nrog rau Dunayevsky, zaj nkauj kab lig kev cai ntawm zaj duab xis tsim los ntawm composers br. Pokrass, TN Khrennikov thiab lwm tus, tom qab ntawd, hauv 50s-pib. NV Bogoslovsky, A. Ya. Eshpay, A. Ya. Lepin, AN Pakhmutova, AP Petrov, VE Basner, MG Fradkin thiab lwm tus Cov zaj duab xis "Chapaev" (70, directors tij laug Vasiliev, comp. GN Popov) yog txawv los ntawm qhov sib xws thiab raug ntawm kev xaiv ntawm intra-frame suab paj nruag. Zaj nkauj-intonation qauv ntawm zaj duab xis (lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog cov pej xeem nkauj), uas muaj ib tug leitingtonation, ncaj qha characterizes tus duab ntawm Chapaev.
Nyob rau hauv films ntawm lub 30s. kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab thiab suab paj nruag yog raws li Ch. arr. raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm parallelism: suab paj nruag intensified no los yog hais tias kev xav, lub mus ob peb vas tsim los ntawm tus sau zaj duab xis, nws tus cwj pwm rau tus cwj pwm, qhov xwm txheej, thiab lwm yam. Qhov kev txaus siab tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yog DD Shostakovich lub suab paj nruag tshiab rau cov yeeb yaj kiab Ib Leeg (1931, dir. GM Kozintsev), Lub Roob Golden (1931, dir. SI Yutkevich), Cov Counter (1932, qhia los ntawm FM Ermler, SI Yutkevich). Nrog rau Shostakovich, loj owls tuaj rau xinesmas. symphonic composers – SS Prokofiev, Yu. A. Shaporin, AI Khachaturian, DB Kabalevsky thiab lwm tus. Ntau tus ntawm lawv koom tes hauv xinesmas thoob plaws lawv lub neej muaj tswv yim. Feem ntau cov duab uas tshwm sim hauv K. los ua lub hauv paus rau kev ywj pheej symphonies. los yog vocal symphony. prod. (cantata "Alexander Nevsky" los ntawm Prokofiev thiab lwm tus). Ua ke nrog cov thawj coj theem, cov kws sau ntawv tab tom nrhiav rau cov muses tseem ceeb. kev txiav txim siab ntawm zaj duab xis, sib zog ua kom nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv xinesmas. Lub zej zog muaj tswv yim tiag tiag txuas nrog lub computer. SS Prokofiev thiab dir. SM Eisenstein, uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub suab-visual qauv ntawm zaj duab xis. Eisenstein thiab Prokofiev pom thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm suab paj nruag thiab kos duab kos duab. Prokofiev's suab paj nruag rau Eisenstein cov yeeb yaj kiab "Alexander Nevsky" (1938) thiab "Ivan the Terrible" (1st series - 1945; tso tawm ntawm qhov screen 2nd - 1958) yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb, sculptural convexity ntawm muses. cov duab, lawv lub caij nyoog match nrog lub atherosclerosis thiab dynamics yuav depict. kev daws teeb meem (innovatively tsim suab-visual counterpoint mus txog ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo meej nyob rau hauv lub scene ntawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov dej khov los ntawm cov zaj duab xis "Alexander Nevsky"). Kev sib koom ua haujlwm hauv xinesmas, kev tshawb fawb muaj tswv yim ntawm Eisenstein thiab Prokofiev tau pab tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab. kev nthuav qhia. Qhov kev lig kev cai no tau txais yuav tom qab los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm 50s - thaum ntxov. 70s Qhov kev ntshaw rau kev sim, kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tshiab rau kev sib txuas suab paj nruag thiab cov duab sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm EV Denisov, RK Shchedrin, ML Tariverdiev, NN Karetnikov, AG Schnittke, BA Tchaikovsky thiab lwm tus.
Kev ntsuas zoo heev. generality, yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab paj nruag raws li ib tug kos duab nyob rau hauv dav dav, txiav txim siab nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug zaj duab xis ua hauj lwm: K. ua "... lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug generalized duab nyob rau hauv relation to lub depicted phenomenon ..." (SM Eisenstein), tso cai rau koj qhia qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. xav lossis tswv yim rau zaj duab xis. Niaj hnub nimno suab-visual xinesmas muab rau lub xub ntiag ntawm muses nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis. tswvyim. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev siv ob qho tib si off-screen thiab intra-frame, txhawb lub suab paj nruag, uas feem ntau dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis kev nkag siab tob thiab maj mam nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg cov cim. Nrog rau kev siv dav dav ntawm txoj kev sib luag ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov duab, "kev tawm tsam" kev siv suab paj nruag pib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntxiv (lub ntsiab lus uas tau soj ntsuam los ntawm SM Eisenstein txawm tias ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm suab xinesmas). Ua rau ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov duab, cov txheej txheem no txhim kho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim (kev tua ntawm cov neeg tua neeg hauv Italian zaj duab xis Lub Ntev Hmo Ntuj ntawm 1943, 1960, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag zoo siab ntawm lub fascist lub peb hlis ntuj; kev zoo siab zaum kawg. Lub sijhawm ntawm Italian zaj duab xis Kev Sib nrauj hauv Italian, 1961, dhau mus rau lub suab ntawm lub ntees tuag lub peb hlis ntuj). txhais tau tias. suab paj nruag tau evolution. ib tug leitmotif uas feem ntau nthuav tawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm zaj duab xis (piv txwv li, lub ntsiab lus ntawm Gelsomina hauv Italian zaj duab xis The Road, 1954, qhia los ntawm F. Fellini, neeg tuaj dab ros N. Rota). Qee lub sij hawm niaj hnub no Hauv zaj duab xis, suab paj nruag tsis yog siv los txhim kho, tab sis kom muaj kev xav. Piv txwv li, hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab "400 Blows" (1959), tus thawj coj F. Truffaut thiab tus kws sau nkauj A. Constantin siv zog rau kev ua suab paj nruag. cov ntsiab lus los txhawb tus neeg saib mus rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov screen.
Muses. lub tswvyim ntawm zaj duab xis yog ncaj qha subordinated mus rau lub general sau lub tswvyim. Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv Nyiv. zaj duab xis "Lub Naked Island" (1960, dir. K. Shindo, comp. X. Hayashi), uas qhia txog lub neej hnyav, nyuaj, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tib neeg waging ib duel nrog xwm hauv kev tawm tsam rau lub neej, suab paj nruag invariably tshwm. hauv kev txhaj tshuaj qhia txhua hnub kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg no, thiab tam sim ntawd ploj mus thaum cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb nkag mus rau lawv lub neej. Nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis "Lub Ballad ntawm ib tug tub rog" (1959, dir. G. Chukhrai, comp. M. Ziv), staged raws li ib tug lyricist. dab neeg, suab paj nruag dluab muaj adv. hauv paus; pom los ntawm composer suab paj nruag intonation lees paub qhov kev zoo nkauj nyob mus ib txhis thiab tsis hloov pauv ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg thiab kev sib raug zoo.
Cov suab paj nruag rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem yog thawj, sau tshwj xeeb rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab no, lossis tsim los ntawm cov suab paj nruag zoo nkauj, nkauj, suab paj nruag classic. suab paj nruag ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub xinesmas feem ntau siv cov suab paj nruag classics - J. Haydn, JS Bach, WA Mozart, thiab lwm yam, pab cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab los txuas cov dab neeg ntawm cov niaj hnub no. ntiaj teb nrog siab humanistic. kab lig kev cai.
Suab paj nruag occupies qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv suab paj nruag. movies, mob siab rau zaj dab neeg txog composers, singers, musicians. Nws txawm ua tej yam dramaturgy. kev ua haujlwm (yog tias qhov no yog zaj dab neeg hais txog kev tsim cov nkauj tshwj xeeb), lossis suav nrog hauv zaj duab xis ua tus lej ntxig. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab lossis kev ua yeeb yam ballet, nrog rau cov neeg ywj pheej tsim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua yeeb yam. zaj duab xis productions. Tus nqi ntawm hom cinematography yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub dav popularization ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm ntawm classic. thiab suab paj nruag niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, ib qho kev sim los tsim ib hom ntawm thawj zaj duab xis opera (Lub Umbrellas ntawm Cherbourg, 1964, dir. J. Demy, comp. M. Legrand).
Suab paj nruag muaj nyob rau hauv animated, documentary thiab nrov science films. Hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab animated, lawv tus kheej txoj kev suab paj nruag tau tsim. tsim. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib luag ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov duab: cov suab paj nruag rov ua dua lossis ua raws li kev txav ntawm lub vijtsam (tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig tau tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si parodic thiab lyrical). txhais tau tias. txaus siab rau qhov kev hwm no yog cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Amer. ua dir. W. Disney, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov duab los ntawm "Funny Symphonies" series, embodying nto moo muses hauv cov duab pom. prod. (piv txwv li, "Dance of the Skeletons" rau lub suab paj nruag symphonic paj huam los ntawm C. Saint-Saens "Dance of Death", thiab lwm yam).
Niaj hnub nimno suab paj nruag kev loj hlob theem. tus tsim ntawm zaj duab xis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm lwm cov khoom ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Zaj duab xis suab paj nruag yog ib lub suab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cinematography. polyphony, uas feem ntau dhau los ua tus yuam sij rau kev nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj duab xis.
References: Bugoslavsky S., Messman V., Suab paj nruag thiab xinesmas. Ntawm zaj duab xis thiab suab paj nruag pem hauv ntej, M., 1926; Blok DS, Vugoslavsky SA, Musical accompaniment in xinesmas, M.-L., 1929; London K., Zaj Duab Xis, trans. los ntawm German, M.-L., 1937; Ioffe II, Suab paj nruag ntawm Soviet xinesmas, L., 1938; Cheremukhin MM, Suab paj nruag suab paj nruag, M., 1939; Korganov T., Frolov I., Cinema thiab suab paj nruag. Suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub dramaturgy ntawm zaj duab xis, M., 1964; Petrova IF, Suab paj nruag ntawm Soviet xinesmas, M., 1964; Eisenstein S., Los ntawm kev sau ntawv nrog Prokofiev, “SM”, 1961, No 4; nws, Director and composer, ibid., 1964, No 8; Fried E., Suab paj nruag hauv Soviet xinesmas, (L., 1967); Lissa Z., Aesthetics of film music, M., 1970.
IM Shilova
