Suab nkauj kho siab |

suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam - suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam hauv yeeb yam. theatre, nyob rau hauv synthesis nrog rau lwm yam art-va koom nyob rau hauv lub theem. embodiment ntawm ua yeeb yam. Cov suab paj nruag tuaj yeem muab los ntawm tus kws sau nkauj, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yog, raws li txoj cai, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov phiaj xwm thiab tsis mus dhau txhua hnub (cov cim, kiv cua, nkauj, marches, seev cev). Muses. cov ntu tau qhia rau hauv qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm tus thawj coj thiab tus kws sau ntawv feem ntau muaj tus cwj pwm dav dav thiab yuav tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha. T. m. yog ib tug active playwright. ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm semantic thiab formative; nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev xav, hais txog DOS. lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua si (piv txwv li, Beethoven's Victorious Symphony nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag rau yeeb yam Egmont los ntawm Goethe, suab paj nruag ntawm Mozart's Requiem nyob rau hauv Pushkin's Mozart thiab Salieri), qhia lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, qhia tus cwj pwm, lub hwj chim. lub tempo thiab atherosclerosis ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo, highlight lub ntsiab. culmination, muab kev sib sau ua ke nrog kev pab los ntawm intonation. kev loj hlob thiab keynotes. Raws li cov playwright muaj nuj nqi, suab paj nruag tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm theem (consonant suab paj nruag keeb kwm yav dhau) los yog sib piv nrog nws. Distinguishing suab paj nruag, coj tawm ntawm lub Scope ntawm lub theem. kev ua (overture, intermissions, headpieces), thiab intrastage. Suab paj nruag tuaj yeem sau tshwj xeeb rau kev ua yeeb yam lossis tsim ntawm cov khoom tawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas twb paub lawm. Qhov ntsuas ntawm cov lej sib txawv - los ntawm cov tawg mus rau ob peb. cycles lub otd. suab complexes (hu ua accents) rau symphonies loj. ntu. T. m. nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev coj ua: tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li nws qhov kev xav nrog hom kev ua si, tus kws ua yeeb yam, lub sijhawm uas qhov kev txiav txim yuav tshwm sim, thiab tus thawj coj lub hom phiaj.

Keeb kwm ntawm t. m. rov qab mus rau ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam qub, tau txais los ntawm kev ntseeg. ritual ua ntawm lawv cov hluavtaws. cim. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm thiab ancient sab hnub tuaj. ua yeeb yam united lo lus, suab paj nruag, seev cev ntawm ib tug sib npaug footing. Hauv lwm Greek. xwm txheej uas loj hlob tawm ntawm lub dithyramb, muses. lub hauv paus yog hu nkauj. unison hu nkauj nrog instruments: yuav nkag. nkauj hu nkauj (parod), center. nkauj (stasima), xaus. choir (eksod), choirs nrog seev cev (emmeley), lyric. kev sib tham-kev tsis txaus siab ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam thiab hu nkauj (kommos). Classic hauv Is Nrias teb. lub theatre yog preceded los ntawm suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam. hom txaj theatre. kev ua yeeb yam: lila (suab paj nruag-duab ua yeeb yam), katakali (pantomime), yakshagana (kev sib txuas ntawm kev seev cev, kev sib tham, recitation, hu nkauj), thiab lwm yam. Tom qab ind. theatre tau khaws suab paj nruag thiab seev cev. xwm. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub whale ua yeeb yam, lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb kuj belongs rau lub mix theatrical-muses. sawv cev; ib tug synthesis ntawm suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug peculiar txoj kev nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ua yeeb yam. Ib hom ntawv ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog - zaju. Hauv zaju, qhov kev txiav txim tau tsom mus rau ib tus cwj pwm, uas tau ua ntau tus cim hauv txhua qhov ua. arias rau cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb canonized rau ib qho xwm txheej. Arias ntawm no yog lub sij hawm ntawm generalization, concentration ntawm kev xav. qhov hluav taws xob Nyob rau hauv Nyiv, los ntawm cov qub hom kev ua yeeb yam. sawv cev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog bugaku (8th caug xyoo) - predv. ua yeeb yam nrog suab paj nruag gagaku (saib suab paj nruag Japanese). Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb kuj tau ua los ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv theatre noh (los ntawm 14th txog 15th centuries), joruri (los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th), thiab kabuki (los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th). Tsis muaj kev ua yeeb yam tau tsim los ntawm kev tshaj tawm- suab paj nruag nrog kev tawm suab ntawm cov ntawv hauv ib lub suab tshwj xeeb. stamp. Pawg hu nkauj hais txog qhov kev ua, ua kev sib tham, piav qhia, nrog rau kev seev cev. Kev taw qhia yog cov nkauj ntawm kev mus ncig (miyuki), ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev ua las voos rau kev xav (yugen) tau ua. Hauv joruri - qub Japanese. puppet theatre - tus hu nkauj-nrhiav nrog lub pantomime nrog ib tug chant, nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm nar. epic taleas los ntawm narration rau accompaniment ntawm shamisen. Nyob rau hauv kabuki ua yeeb yam, cov ntawv nyeem kuj chanted, thiab kev ua yeeb yam yog nrog los ntawm ib tug nar orchestra. cov cuab yeej. Suab paj nruag ncaj qha ntsig txog kev ua yeeb yam hu ua "degatari" hauv kabuki thiab ua rau theem; suab cuam tshuam (genza ongaku) ​​​​symbolically depict lub suab thiab phenomena ntawm xwm (cov neeg ntaus ntawm drumsticks qhia lub suab los nag lossis dej txaws, ib yam khob qhia hais tias nws tau snowed, ib tug tshuab ntawm tshwj xeeb boards txhais tau tias cov tsos ntawm lub hli, thiab lwm yam), thiab cov kws ntaus nkauj - cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau muab tso rau tom qab lub vijtsam ntawm xyoob ntoo. Thaum pib thiab thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev ua si, ib lub nruas loj (kev ua suab paj nruag) suab, thaum daim ntaub raug tsa thiab txo qis, lub rooj tsavxwm "ki" raug ntaus, suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb raug ntaus thaum lub sijhawm "seriage" - scenery raug tsa mus rau theem. Suab paj nruag plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kabuki. nrog pantomime (dammari) thiab seev cev.

Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Zap. Teb chaws Europe, qhov twg yog theatre. cov keeb kwm ntawm antiquity tau raug xa mus rau oblivion, prof. ua yeeb yam tsim. arr. nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog lub tsev teev ntuj foob. Nyob rau hauv lub 9th-13th centuries. nyob rau hauv lub Koom Txoos Catholic, cov txiv plig ua si nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub thaj lat. ua yeeb yam liturgical; nyob rau hauv 14-15 centuries. liturgical ua yeeb yam tsim los rau hauv ib tug paub tsis meej nrog kev sib tham, ua sab nraum lub tuam tsev ntawm lub teb chaws. yam lus. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig secular, suab paj nruag suab thaum lub sij hawm tuaj txog. festivities, masquerade processions, nar. sawv cev. Los ntawm prof. suab paj nruag rau cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab. Cov kev ua yeeb yam tau khaws cia Adas de la Halle's "Kev Ua Si ntawm Robin thiab Marion", uas cov nkauj me me (virele, ballads, rondo) alternate, wok. kev sib tham, seev cev nrog instr. coj.

Nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance, Western-European. kos duab tig mus rau cov kab lig kev cai ntawm antiquity. ua yeeb yam; Kev phem kev qias, kev ua yeeb yam, kev coj noj coj ua tau tshwm sim rau ntawm cov av tshiab. Feem ntau lawv tau staged nrog zoo nkauj muses. allegorical interludes. thiab mythological. cov ntsiab lus, suav nrog wok. cov lej hauv madrigal style thiab seev cev (Chintio ua si "Orbecchi" nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm A. della Viola, 1541; "Trojanki" los ntawm Dolce nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm C. Merulo, 1566; "Oedipus" los ntawm Giustiniani nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm A. Gabrieli, 1585 ; “Aminta” los ntawm Tasso nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm C. Monteverdi, 1628). Thaum lub sij hawm no, suab paj nruag (recitatives, arias, seev cev) feem ntau sounded thaum lub sij hawm advent. masquerades, festive processions (piv txwv li, hauv Italian Canti, Trionfi). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th raws li polygons. madrigal style tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hluavtaws. ib hom ntawv nyeem - madrigal comedy.

Lus Askiv tau dhau los ua ib theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm T. m. theatre 16th caug xyoo Ua tsaug rau W. Shakespeare thiab nws cov neeg kawm - playwrights F. Beaumont thiab J. Fletcher - in English. theatre ntawm Elizabethan era tsim ruaj khov kev cai ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua. suab paj nruag xwm txheej - me me plug-in muses. tus lej, organically suav nrog hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Shakespeare cov kev ua yeeb yam muaj ntau ntxiv nrog tus sau cov lus hais uas tau sau tseg txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov nkauj, ballads, seev cev, kev ua yeeb yam, txais tos kiv cua, kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab lwm yam. Ntau lub suab paj nruag thiab ntu ntawm nws qhov xwm txheej ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua yeeb yam. muaj nuj nqi (cov nkauj ntawm Ophelia thiab Desdemona, kev pam tuag hauv Hamlet, Coriolanus, Henry VI, seev cev ntawm Capulet lub pob hauv Romeo thiab Juliet). Cov productions ntawm lub sij hawm no yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm suab paj nruas theem ua yeeb yam. cov teebmeem, suav nrog kev xaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej nyob ntawm theem. Cov xwm txheej: nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia thiab cov lus qhuab qhia, cov suab paj nruag tau nrov thaum cov neeg siab tshaj tawm, thaum cov tim tswv, dab, thiab lwm yam dab tsi tshwm sim. rog - trumpets, nyob rau hauv scenes ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua - nruas, nyob rau hauv shepherd scenes - oboe, nyob rau hauv kev hlub scenes - flutes, nyob rau hauv yos hav zoov scenes - ib tug horn, nyob rau hauv lub ntees tuag processions - trombone, lyric. cov nkauj tau nrog lute. Hauv "Lub Ntiaj Teb" t-re, ntxiv rau cov suab paj nruag muab los ntawm tus sau, muaj cov lus qhia, kev cuam tshuam, feem ntau cov ntawv tau hais tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag (melodrama). Cov suab paj nruag ua si hauv Shakespeare qhov kev ua yeeb yam thaum tus sau lub neej tsis tau khaws cia; paub tsuas yog sau ntawv Askiv. Cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm Restoration era (thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 2th). Lub sijhawm no, tus heroic dominated theatre. ua yeeb yam thiab daim npog qhov ncauj. Kev ua yeeb yam hauv hom heroic. cov yeeb yam tau sau nrog suab paj nruag; cov ntawv hais lus yeej tsuas tuav cov muses ua ke. khoom. Lub npog ntsej muag uas tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv hauv con. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum lub sij hawm Reformation, nws tsiv mus rau hauv pej xeem ua yeeb yam, tuav ib tug spectacular divertissement cwj pwm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm daim npog qhov ncauj, ntau remade. Shakespeare's plays ("Lub Tempest" nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm J. Banister thiab M. Locke, "Tus poj huab tais Fairy" raws li "Ib Ib Hmo Hmo Npau Suav" thiab "Lub Tempest" nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm G. Purcell). Ib qho zoo heev tshwm sim hauv lus Askiv. T. m. lub sijhawm no yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm G. Purcell. Feem ntau ntawm nws cov haujlwm yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm T. m., txawm li cas los xij, ntau ntawm lawv, vim yog kev ywj pheej ntawm muses. Kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov suab paj nruag zoo tshaj plaws tau nce mus rau ib qho kev ua yeeb yam (Tus Yaj Saub, Tus Poj huab tais Fairy, Tempest, thiab lwm yam haujlwm hu ua semi-operas). Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lus Askiv av tsim ib tug tshiab hluavtaws. ib hom ntawv nyeem - ballad opera. Nws cov creators J. Gay thiab J. Pepusch tau tsim kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lawv "Opera of the Beggars" (17) ntawm kev hloov ntawm kev sib tham nrog cov nkauj hauv Nar. ntsuj plig. Lus Askiv. ua yeeb yam kuj yog kos los ntawm G. F.

Hauv Spain, thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm nat. classical ua yeeb yam yog txuam nrog ib hom ntawm rappresentationes (kev ua yeeb yam dawb huv), nrog rau eclogues (shepherd's idyll) thiab farce - sib xyaw ua yeeb yam thiab muses. prod. nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov nkauj, recitation ntawm paj huam, seev cev, cov kab lig kev cai uas tau txuas ntxiv hauv zarzuelas. Cov kev ua ub no ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Spanish loj tshaj plaws tau txuas nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv cov yeeb yam no. poet thiab comp. X. del Encina (1468-1529). Hauv pem teb 2. 16th-17th centuries nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam ntawm Lope de Vega thiab P. Calderon, choirs thiab ballet divertissements tau ua.

Nyob Fab Kis teb, recitatives, choirs, instr. ntu rau cov xwm txheej classicist ntawm J. Racine thiab P. Corneille tau sau los ntawm M. Charpentier, JB Moreau thiab lwm tus. Kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm JB Molière thiab JB Lully, uas tau tsim ib hom kev sib xyaw - comedy-ballet ("Kev sib yuav tsis yeem", "Princess of Elis", "Mr. de Pursonyak", "Georges Dandin", thiab lwm yam). Kev sib tham sib tham sib hloov ntawm no nrog cov lus hais, arias, seev cev. tawm (entrées) nyob rau hauv kev lig kev cai ntawm Fabkis. adv. ballet de cour 1st pem teb. xyoo pua 17th

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th nyob rau hauv Fabkis, thawj cov khoom tshwm sim. nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawm melodrama - lyric. lub theem "Pygmalion" los ntawm Rousseau, ua nyob rau hauv 1770 nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm O. Coignet; Nws tau ua raws li cov suab paj nruag Ariadne auf Naxos (1774) thiab Pygmalion (1779) los ntawm Venda, Sofonisba los ntawm Nefe (1782), Semiramide los ntawm Mozart (1778; tsis khaws cia), Orpheus los ntawm Fomin (1791), lag ntseg thiab ib tug neeg thov khawv (1802). ) thiab Qhov Tsis Paub (1807) los ntawm Holcroft.

Mus txog 2 pem teb. 18th caug xyoo suab paj nruag rau theatre. kev ua yeeb yam feem ntau tsuas muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv dawb ntawm ib qho kev ua yeeb yam mus rau lwm qhov. German composer thiab theorist I. Scheibe nyob rau hauv "Critischer Musicus" (1737-40), thiab ces G. Lessing nyob rau hauv "Hamburg Dramaturgy" (1767-69) muab cov kev cai tshiab rau theem. suab paj nruag. "Tus thawj symphony yuav tsum tau txuam nrog kev ua si tag nrho, cuam tshuam nrog qhov kawg ntawm yav dhau los thiab qhov pib ntawm qhov kev ua tom ntej ..., qhov kawg symphony nrog qhov kawg ntawm kev ua si ... tus protagonist thiab lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua si thiab raug coj los ntawm lawv thaum sau nkauj” (I. Sheibe). "Txij li lub suab paj nruag hauv Peb qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv qee txoj kev hloov cov nkauj hu nkauj thaum ub, cov neeg sib tw tau hais ntev ntev tias qhov kev xav ntawm lub suab paj nruag ... ua kom zoo dua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb yam, txhua qhov kev ua si yuav tsum muaj suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb rau nws tus kheej" (G . Tsawg). T. m. Tsis ntev los no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov kev cai tshiab, suav nrog cov uas koom nrog Viennese classics - WA ​​Mozart (rau cov yeeb yam "Tamos, King of Egypt" los ntawm Gebler, 1779) thiab J. Haydn (rau kev ua yeeb yam "Alfred, los yog Huab tais -patriot” Bicknell, 1796); Txawm li cas los xij, L. Beethoven cov suab paj nruag rau Goethe's Egmont (1810) tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws rau txoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, uas yog hom kev ua yeeb yam uas feem ntau qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplai loj, ua tiav hauv daim ntawv symphonies tau nce. ntu (overture, intermissions, finale), uas tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab ua tiav thaum kawg. theem (suab paj nruag rau "Egmont" kuj suav nrog Goethe's "Songs of Clerchen", melodramas "Death of Clerchen", "Egmont's Dream").

T. m. xyoo pua 19th. tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia uas tau teev tseg los ntawm Beethoven, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm lub aesthetics ntawm romanticism. Ntawm cov khoom 1st pem teb. 19th century music los ntawm F. Schubert rau "Rosamund" los ntawm G. von Chezy (1823), los ntawm C. Weber rau "Turandot" los ntawm Gozzi txhais los ntawm F. Schiller (1809) thiab "Preziosa" los ntawm Wolff (1821), los ntawm F Mendelssohn rau "Ruy Blas" los ntawm Hugo, "Ib Hmo Ntuj Hmo Ntuj Npau Suav" los ntawm Shakespeare (1843), "Oedipus in Colon" thiab "Atalia" los ntawm Racine (1845), R. Schumann rau "Manfred" Byron (1848-51) . Lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog muab rau cov nkauj hauv Goethe's Faust. Tus kws sau ntawv sau ntau ntawm woks. thiab instr. chav - hu nkauj, nkauj, seev cev, marches, suab paj nruag rau scene hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab Walpurgis Hmo ntuj, tub rog. suab paj nruag rau kev sib ntaus sib tua scene. Feem ntau txhais tau tias. suab paj nruag ua hauj lwm, lub tswv yim uas yog txuam nrog Goethe's Faust, belongs rau G. Berlioz ("Eight scenes ntawm? Faust", 1829, tom qab hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub oratorio "Lub txim txhaum ntawm Faust"). Vivid piv txwv ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem-tsev nat. T. m. xyoo pua 19th. - "Peer Gynt" los ntawm Grieg (mus rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm G. Ibsen, 1874-75) thiab "Arlesian" los ntawm Bizet (mus ua yeeb yam los ntawm A. Daudet, 1872).

Nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub XIX-19 centuries. nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau T. m. cov kev xav tshiab tau piav qhia. Cov thawj coj zoo ntawm lub sijhawm no (KS Stanislavsky, VE Meyerhold, G. Craig, O. Falkenberg, thiab lwm yam) tau tso tseg cov suab paj nruag ntawm conc. hom, xav tau tshwj xeeb suab xim, unconventional instrumentation, organic inclusion of muses. ua yeeb yam. Tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm no coj mus rau lub neej tshiab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. composer, noj mus rau hauv tus account tsis tau tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ua yeeb yam, tab sis kuj cov yam ntxwv ntawm no ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th 20 nyiam sib cuam tshuam, nqa suab paj nruag los ze zog ua yeeb yam; thawj ntawm lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv kev ua yeeb yam. kev ua yeeb yam (kev sim ntawm K. Orff, B. Brecht, ntau tus kws sau suab paj nruag), qhov thib ob yog txuas nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm muses. Ib hom ntawv nyeem (theatrical cantatas los ntawm Orff, Kab tshoob los ntawm Stravinsky, theatrical oratorios los ntawm A. Honegger, thiab lwm yam). Kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm kev sib txuas suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam feem ntau ua rau kev tsim cov syntheses tshwj xeeb. Theatrical thiab suab paj nruag hom ("Zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug tub rog" los ntawm Stravinsky yog "ib tug fairy taleas yuav tsum tau nyeem, ua si thiab seev cev", nws "Oedipus Rex" yog ib tug opera-oratorio nrog ib tug nyeem, "Clever Girl" los ntawm Orff yog ib tug opera-oratorio. opera nrog kev sib tham loj scenes), nrog rau kev txhawb siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub ntawm hluavtaws. ua yeeb yam: antique. Qhov xwm txheej ("Antigone" thiab "Oedipus" los ntawm Orff nrog rau kev sim tshawb fawb rov qab los ntawm kev hais cov ntawv hauv Greek thev naus laus zis), madrigal comedy ("Tales" los ntawm Stravinsky, ib nrab "Catulli Carmina" los ntawm Orff), nruab nrab- xyoo pua. paub tsis meej ("Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm Tswv Yexus" los ntawm Orff, "Joan of Arc ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg" los ntawm Honegger), liturgical. ua yeeb yam (cov lus piv txwv "Lub Cave Action", "Tus Tub Ntshai", ib nrab ntawm "The Carlew River" los ntawm Britten). Ib hom ntawm melodrama txuas ntxiv txhim kho, sib txuas ua tus ballet, pantomime, choral thiab solo hu nkauj, melodeclamation (Emmanuel's Salamena, Roussel's The Birth of the World, Onegger's Amphion thiab Semiramide, Stravinsky's Persephone).

Ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ua haujlwm hnyav hauv hom T. m.: hauv Fabkis, cov no yog cov haujlwm sib koom ua ke. Cov tswv cuab ntawm "Six" (cov duab kos duab "Cov Newlyweds ntawm Eiffel Ntauwd", 1921, raws li tus sau ntawm cov ntawv J. Cocteau - "kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev xwm txheej thaum ub thiab niaj hnub kev hais kwv txhiaj revue, hu nkauj thiab suab paj nruag cov lej"), Lwm yam kev ua yeeb yam (piv txwv li, "Tus Poj huab tais Margot" Bourdet nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm J. Ibert, D. Millau, D. Lazarus, J. Auric, A. Roussel) thiab ua yeeb yam. prod. Honegger (suab paj nruag rau "Dance of Death" los ntawm C. Laronde, ua yeeb yam hauv phau Vajlugkub "Judith" thiab "King David", "Antigone" los ntawm Sophocles, thiab lwm yam); theatre hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Orff's suab paj nruag (ntxiv rau cov haujlwm uas tau hais los saum toj no, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo nkauj The Sly Ones, cov ntawv nyeem yog cov suab paj nruag, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag percussion; ib qho khoom siv ua si A Midsummer Night's Dream los ntawm Shakespeare), nrog rau suab paj nruag hauv theatre. los ntawm B. Brecht. Muses. tus tsim ntawm Brecht qhov kev ua yeeb yam yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov nyhuv ntawm "kev tsis sib haum xeeb", tsim los rhuav tshem qhov kev tsis pom tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm theem. Raws li Brecht txoj kev npaj, suab paj nruag yuav tsum muaj cov suab paj nruag zoo nkauj, lub suab nkauj ntawm tus lej - zongs, ballads, choirs, uas muaj cov cim ntxig, cov lus hais uas qhia tus sau txoj kev xav hauv lub siab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv German tau koom tes nrog Brecht. musicians — P. Hindemith (Ib qho Qhia Ua Si), C. Weil (The Threepenny Opera, Mahagonny Opera sketch), X. Eisler (Niam, Roundheads thiab Sharpheads, Galileo Galilei, Npau suav Simone Machar” thiab lwm tus), P. Dessau (“ Niam Ua Siab Loj thiab nws cov me nyuam", "Tus txiv neej zoo ntawm Sezuan", thiab lwm yam).

Ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv ntawm T. m. 19-1st pem. 20th century – J. Sibelius (“King of Christians” los ntawm Paul, “Pelléas thiab Mélisande” los ntawm Maeterlinck, “Lub Tempest” los ntawm Shakespeare), K. Debussy (tsis paub G. D'Annunzio “Lub Martyrdom of St. Sebastian”) thiab R. Strauss (suab paj nruag rau kev ua si los ntawm Molière "Tus neeg ua lag luam nyob rau hauv lub nom tswv" nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb theem adaptation los ntawm G. von Hofmannsthal). Hauv 50s-70s. Xyoo 20th O. Messiaen tig mus rau kev ua yeeb yam (suab paj nruag rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Oedipus" rau cov nthwv dej ntawm Martenot, 1942), E. Carter (suab paj nruag rau kev xwm txheej ntawm Sophocles "Philoctetes", "Tus Tub Lag Luam ntawm Venice" los ntawm Shakespeare), V. Lutoslavsky ("Macbeth" thiab "Tus Poj Niam Zoo Siab ntawm Windsor" Shakespeare, "Sid" Corneille - S. Wyspiansky, "Bloody Wedding" thiab "Tus Zoo Tshaj Shoemaker" F. Garcia Lorca, thiab lwm yam), cov kws sau ntawv hluav taws xob thiab pob zeb. suab paj nruag, suav nrog A. Coge ("Lub caij ntuj no thiab lub suab tsis muaj neeg" J. Tardieu), A. Thirier ("Scheherazade"), F. Arthuis ("Lub suab nrov ntawm tus cwj pwm sib ntaus sib tua J. Vautier"), thiab lwm yam.

Russian T.m. muaj keeb kwm ntev. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, kev sib tham scenes ua si los ntawm buffoons tau nrog "dab ntxwg nyoog nkauj", ntaus harp, domra, thiab horns. Hauv Nar. ua yeeb yam uas loj hlob ntawm buffoon ua yeeb yam ("Ataman", "Mavrukh", "Comedy txog Tsar Maximilian", thiab lwm yam), suab lus Lavxias. nkauj thiab instr. suab paj nruag. Lub hom phiaj ntawm Orthodox music tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. kev ua liturgical - "Kev ntxuav ko taw", "Qhov cub ua haujlwm", thiab lwm yam. (15th caug xyoo). Nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries. kev nplua nuj ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag txawv yog hu ua. tsev kawm ua yeeb yam (playwrights – S. Polotsky, F. Prokopovich, D. Rostovsky) nrog arias, hu nkauj nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. style, secular piping, laments, instr. tus lej. Lub Comedy Choromina (tsim nyob rau hauv 1672) muaj ib tug loj orchestra nrog violins, violas, flutes, clarinets, trumpets, thiab lub cev. Txij li thaum lub sijhawm Peter lub Great, kev ua koob tsheej tau nthuav tawm. theatrical ua yeeb yam (prologues, cantatas) raws li kev hloov ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. scenes, dialogues, monologues nrog arias, hu nkauj, ballets. Cov neeg Russians loj (OA Kozlovsky, VA Pashkevich) thiab Italian composers tau koom nrog lawv cov qauv. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua 19th hauv Russia tsis muaj kev faib ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yam. pab pawg; ib nrab vim li no thaum lub sij hawm yuav mus ntxiv. Lub sijhawm, kev sib xyaw ua ke tau yeej ntawm no (opera-ballet, vaudeville, comedy nrog choirs, suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam, ua yeeb yam "ntawm suab paj nruag", melodrama, thiab lwm yam). txhais tau tias. lub luag haujlwm hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia. T. m. ua si tragedies thiab ua yeeb yam "nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag", uas loj heev npaj rau Lavxias teb sab. classical opera nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 Nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm OA Kozlovsky, EI Fomin, SI Davydov rau tragedies nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. thiab mythological. dab neeg thiab Russian. Patriotic ua yeeb yam los ntawm VA Ozerov, Ya. operas ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th siab heroic ua yeeb yam. teeb meem, tsim cov pawg hu nkauj loj coj qhov chaw. thiab instr. cov ntaub ntawv (choirs, overtures, intermissions, ballets); Hauv qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam xws li cov ntawv ua haujlwm xws li recitative, aria, song tau siv. Lavxias teb sab nta. nat. cov qauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov choirs (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Natalya Boyar tus ntxhais los ntawm SN Glinka nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm AN Titov); ua symp. Lub sijhawm stylistically txuas nrog cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Viennese classic. tsev kawm ntawv thiab thaum ntxov romanticism.

Hauv pem teb 1. 19th caug xyoo AN Verstovsky, uas tsim approx. 15 AMD ua. (piv txwv li, suab paj nruag rau Pushkin's Gypsies staged los ntawm VA Karatygin, 1832, rau Beaumarchais Txoj Kev Sib Yuav ntawm Figaro, 1829) thiab tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm staged cantatas nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. (piv txwv li, "Ib tug neeg hu nkauj nyob rau hauv Camp of Russian Warriors" rau cov nkauj los ntawm VA Zhukovsky, 1827), AA Alyabyev (suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj ntawm AA Shakhovsky raws li Shakespeare's The Tempest, 1827; "Rusalka" los ntawm Pushkin, 1838 ; lub suab paj nruag "Cov neeg raug txim ntawm Caucasus" raws li cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Pushkin paj huam ntawm tib lub npe, 1828), AE Varlamov (piv txwv li, suab paj nruag rau Shakespeare's Hamlet, 1837). Tab sis feem ntau nyob rau hauv pem teb 1. 19th caug xyoo suab paj nruag raug xaiv los ntawm cov khoom uas twb paub lawm. sib txawv sau ntawv thiab tau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam rau ib tug txwv. Lub sijhawm tshiab hauv Lavxias. theatre nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th qhib MI Glinka nrog suab paj nruag rau ua yeeb yam los ntawm NV Kukolnik "Prince Kholmsky", sau tsis ntev tom qab "Ivan Susanin" (1840). Nyob rau hauv lub overture thiab intermissions, cov ntsiab lus piv txwv ntawm lub ntsiab lub sij hawm ntawm ua yeeb yam, tsim symphony. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm post-Beethoven tm Kuj tseem muaj 3 txoj haujlwm me me los ntawm Glinka rau kev ua yeeb yam. Theatre - ib tug aria ntawm ib tug qhev nrog ib tug hu nkauj rau zaj yeeb yam "Moldavian Gypsy" los ntawm Bakhturin (1836), orc. Kev taw qhia thiab hu nkauj rau Myatlev's "Tarantella" (1841), Englishman's couplets rau kev ua si "Yuav Txhaum" los ntawm Voikov (1854).

Rus. T. m. 2 pem teb. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th mus rau ib tug loj npaum li cas txuas nrog lub dramaturgy ntawm AN Ostrovsky. Connoisseur thiab collector ntawm Russia. nar. nkauj, Ostrovsky feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem ntawm tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib zaj nkauj. Nws plays sounded qub Lavxias teb sab. zaj nkauj, epic chant, zaj lus piv txwv, petty-bourgeois romance, Hoobkas thiab tsev loj cuj nkauj, thiab lwm yam. - PI Tchaikovsky suab paj nruag rau Snow Maiden (19), tsim rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Bolshoi Theatre, uas yuav tsum tau ua ke ua yeeb yam, ua yeeb yam, thiab ua yeeb yam. pab pawg. Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag. ntu thiab lawv hom kev nplua nuj, coj qhov kev ua yeeb yam los ze zog rau kev ua yeeb yam (kev taw qhia, ntu ntu, ntu ntu ntu rau hauv hav zoov, hu nkauj, suab paj nruag, nkauj). Cov zajlus ntawm "zaj dab neeg caij nplooj ntoos hlav" xav tau kev koom tes ntawm pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv (lingering, round seev cev, seev cev seev cev).

Cov kab lig kev cai ntawm MI Glinka tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm MA Balakirev hauv suab paj nruag rau Shakespeare's King Lear (1859-1861, overture, intermissions, processions, songs, melodramas), Tchaikovsky - rau Shakespeare's Hamlet (1891) thiab lwm yam. (cov suab paj nruag rau "Hamlet" muaj cov kev pabcuam dav dav hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lyrical-dramatic symphonism thiab 16 tus lej - melodramas, nkauj ntawm Ophelia, tus gravedigger, lub ntees tuag, kiv cua).

Los ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov Lavxias teb sab. composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th lub ballad ntawm AS Dargomyzhsky los ntawm cov suab paj nruag rau "Catherine Howard" los ntawm Dumas père (1848) thiab nws ob zaj nkauj los ntawm cov suab paj nruag mus rau "The Schism in England" los ntawm Calderon (1866), ed. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm AN Serov mus rau "Kev tuag ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai" los ntawm AK Tolstoy (1867) thiab "Nero" los ntawm Gendre (1869), pawg neeg hu nkauj (scene hauv lub tuam tsev) los ntawm MP Mussorgsky los ntawm kev xwm txheej ntawm Sophocles "Oedipus Rex" (1858-61), suab paj nruag los ntawm EF Napravnik rau ua yeeb yam. paj huam los ntawm AK Tolstoy "Tsar Boris" (1898), suab paj nruag los ntawm Vas. S. Kalinnikov rau tib ntau lawm. Tolstoy (1898).

Nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub XIX-19 centuries. hauv T.m. tau muaj kev hloov pauv loj. KS Stanislavsky yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj los qhia, nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, uas peb txwv peb tus kheej xwb muses qhia los ntawm playwright. tus lej, txav lub suab paj nruag tom qab theem, thov kom tus kws sau ntawv "tau siv" tus thawj coj lub tswv yim. Cov suab paj nruag rau thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm hom no tau koom nrog AS Arensky (kev cuam tshuam, suab paj nruag, hu nkauj rau Shakespeare's The Tempest ntawm Maly T-re, ua los ntawm AP Lensky, 20), AK Glazunov (Lermontov's Masquerade) hauv kev tshaj tawm los ntawm VE Meyerhold, 1905, ntxiv rau kev seev cev, pantomimes, Nina txoj kev sib hlub, Glazunov's symphonic ntu, Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy thiab nws txoj kev sib hlub Lub Venetian Hmo ntuj tau siv. Thaum pib. 1917th caug xyoo Kev tuag ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai los ntawm Tolstoy thiab Snow Maiden los ntawm Ostrovsky nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm AT Grechaninov, Shakespeare's Kaum Ob Hmo Hmo nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm AN Koreshchenko, Macbeth los ntawm Shakespeare thiab Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Neeg Nkoj thiab Ntses nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm NN Cherepnin. Kev sib sau ntawm tus thawj coj kev txiav txim siab thiab cov suab paj nruag. kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow Art Theatre nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm IA Sats (suab paj nruag rau Hamsun's "Drama ntawm Lub Neej" thiab Andreev's "Anatem", Maeterlinck's "The Blue Bird", Shakespeare's "Hamlet" hauv post. Lus Askiv qhia los ntawm G. Craig, thiab lwm yam.) txawv ntawm kev tsim.

Yog tias Moscow Art Theatre txwv lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, cov thawj coj xws li A. Ya. Tairov, KA Mardzhanishvili, PP Komissarzhevsky, VE Meyerhold, EB Vakhtangov tiv thaiv lub tswv yim ntawm synthetic theatre. Meyerhold suav hais tias yog tus thawj coj cov qhab nia ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam raws li kev sib sau ua ke raws li cov cai ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Nws ntseeg tias suab paj nruag yuav tsum tau yug los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab tib lub sijhawm zoo li nws, nws tab tom nrhiav rau contrapuntal. fusion ntawm suab paj nruag thiab theem kev npaj (suav nrog DD Shostakovich, V. Ya. Shebalin thiab lwm tus neeg hauv kev ua haujlwm). Hauv kev tsim cov Kev Tuag ntawm Tentagil los ntawm Maeterlinck ntawm Studio Theatre ntawm Povarskaya (1905, tsim los ntawm IA Sats), Meyerhold tau sim ua txhua yam kev ua yeeb yam ntawm suab paj nruag; "Woe to the mind" (1928) raws li kev ua yeeb yam "Woe from Wit" los ntawm Griboedov, nws staged nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, J. Field, F. Schubert; hauv ncej. AM Fayko qhov kev ua si "Xib Fwb Bubus" suab paj nruag (kwv yees li 40 fp. ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm F. Chopin thiab F. Liszt) tau nrov tsis tu ncua, zoo li hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas ntsiag to.

Lub peculiarity ntawm suab paj nruag tsim ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam 20 - thaum ntxov. 30s cuam tshuam nrog qhov kev sim ntawm lawv cov kev txiav txim siab. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1921 Tairov staged Shakespeare's "Romeo thiab Juliet" nyob rau hauv lub Kamerny T-re nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug "kev hlub-tragic sketch" nrog grotesque buffoonery, accentuated theatricality, displacing lub hlwb. kev paub; Raws li qhov no, nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm AN Aleksandrov rau kev ua yeeb yam yuav luag tsis muaj lyric. kab, qhov chaw ntawm comedy ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg prevailed. Dr. ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog Shostakovich lub suab paj nruag rau Shakespeare's Hamlet hauv T-re im. Evg. Vakhtangov nyob rau hauv tus ncej. NP Akimova (1932): tus thawj coj tau hloov pauv qhov kev ua si "nrog lub koob npe nrov rau kev ntxhov siab thiab kev paub tsis meej" rau hauv kev zoo siab, zoo siab, zoo siab. qhov kev ua tau zoo, nyob rau hauv uas parody thiab grotesque prevailed, tsis muaj Phantom (Akimov tshem tawm cov cim no), thiab es tsis txhob ntawm insane Ophelia muaj ib tug intoxicated Ophelia. Shostakovich tsim ib tug qhab nia ntawm ntau tshaj 60 tus xov tooj - los ntawm luv luv fragments interspersed nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem rau symphonies loj. ntu. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog parody plays (cancan, gallop of Ophelia thiab Polonius, Argentine tango, philistine waltz), tab sis kuj muaj qee qhov xwm txheej. ntu ("Musical Pantomime", "Requiem", "Pom Lub Peb Hlis"). Nyob rau hauv 1929-31 Shostakovich sau suab paj nruag rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm ua yeeb yam ntawm Leningrad. t-ra ntawm cov hluas ua hauj lwm - "Shot" Bezymensky, "Txoj Cai, Britannia!" Piotrovsky, ntau yam thiab circus ua yeeb yam "Provisionally Murdered" los ntawm Voevodin thiab Ryss hauv Leningrad. suab paj nruag Hall, ntawm qhov kev tawm tswv yim ntawm Meyerhold, mus rau Mayakovsky's Bedbug, tom qab ntawd rau Tib Neeg Comedy los ntawm Balzac rau T-ra im. Evg. Vakhtangov (1934), rau kev ua si Salute, Spain! Afinogenov rau Leningrad. twm im. Pushkin (1936). Nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag rau Shakespeare's "King Lear" (tso tawm los ntawm GM Kozintsev, Leningrad. Bolshoy ua yeeb yam. tr., 1941), Shostakovich tawm ntawm lub parody ntawm txhua txhua hnub ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov, thiab qhia nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv lem. tus ntsuj plig ntawm problematic nws lub cim. creativity ntawm cov xyoo no, tsim ib txoj kab ntawm cross-cutting symphony. kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm peb cores. spheres ntawm tragedy (Lear - Jester - Cordelia). Raws li kev lig kev cai, Shostakovich xaus qhov kev ua tau zoo tsis yog nrog lub ntees tuag, tab sis nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Cordelia.

Hauv 30s. plaub ua yeeb yam. Cov qhab nias tau tsim los ntawm SS Prokofiev - "Egyptian Nights" rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Tairov hauv Chamber Theatre (1935), "Hamlet" rau Theatre-Studio ntawm SE Radlov hauv Leningrad (1938), "Eugene Onegin" thiab "Boris Godunov. » Pushkin rau Chamber Chamber (qhov kawg ob qhov kev tsim tawm tsis tau ua). Suab paj nruag rau "Egyptian Nights" (ib theem sau raws li qhov xwm txheej "Caesar thiab Cleopatra" los ntawm B. Shaw, "Antony thiab Cleopatra" los ntawm Shakespeare thiab paj huam "Egyptian Nights" los ntawm Pushkin) suav nrog kev taw qhia, kev cuam tshuam, pantomimes, recitation. nrog ib tug orchestra, seev cev thiab nkauj nrog chorus. Thaum tsim qhov kev ua yeeb yam no, tus kws sau ntawv siv dec. symphonic txoj kev. thiab operatic dramaturgy - ib tug system ntawm leitmotifs, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm decomp. intonation spheres (Rome - Egypt, Anthony - Cleopatra). Tau ntau xyoo nws koom tes nrog ua yeeb yam Yu. A. Shaporin. Hauv 20-30s. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam nrog nws cov suab paj nruag tau staged nyob rau hauv Leningrad. t-rah (Big Drama, Academic t-re of drama); Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog "Kev Sib Yuav ntawm Figaro" los ntawm Beaumarchais (tus thawj coj thiab tus kws kos duab AN Benois, 1926), "Flea" los ntawm Zamyatin (tom qab NS Leskov; dir. HP Monakhov, artist BM Kustodiev, 1926), "Sir John Falstaff "raws li "Tus Poj Niam Zoo Siab ntawm Windsor" los ntawm Shakespeare (dir. NP Akimov, 1927), nrog rau ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm Shakespeare, ua si los ntawm Moliere, AS Pushkin, G. Ibsen, B. Shaw, owls. playwrights KA Trenev, VN Bill-Belo-Tserkovsky. Hauv 40s. Shaporin sau nkauj rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow. Kev lag luam me "Ivan qhov txaus ntshai" los ntawm AK Tolstoy (1944) thiab "Twelfth Night" los ntawm Shakespeare (1945). Ntawm lub theatre. ua haujlwm ntawm 30s. zej zog loj. TN Khrennikov lub suab paj nruag rau Shakespeare's comedy Ntau Ado Txog Tsis Muaj Dab Tsi (1936) tau muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Hauv thaj teb ntawm T.m. muaj ntau yam khoom. tsim los ntawm AI Khachaturian; lawv tsim cov kab lig kev cai ntawm conc. ua symp. T. m. (txog 20 qhov kev ua yeeb yam; ntawm lawv - suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm G. Sundukyan thiab A. Paronyan, Shakespeare's Macbeth thiab King Lear, Lermontov's Masquerade).

Hauv kev ua yeeb yam raws li kev ua yeeb yam ntawm owls. playwrights ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm niaj hnub. lub neej, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv productions ntawm classic. plays tsim ib hom suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb. tsim, raws li kev siv owls. mas, estr. lyric thiab comic nkauj, ditties ("Tus Cook" los ntawm Sofronov nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm VA Mokrousov, "Lub Ntev Txoj Kev" los ntawm Arbuzov nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm VP Solovyov-Sedogo, "Tus Naked King" los ntawm Schwartz thiab "Twelfth Night" los ntawm Shakespeare nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm ES Kolmanovsky thiab lwm tus); nyob rau hauv ib co kev ua yeeb yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Mosk. t-ra ua yeeb yam thiab comedy ntawm Taganka (qhia los ntawm Yu. P. Lyubimov), suav nrog cov nkauj ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. thiab cov tub rog xyoo, cov nkauj hluas ("10 hnub uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb no," "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg" thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm niaj hnub productions noticeably gravitate rau suab paj nruag, piv txwv li. nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad. twm im. Leningrad City Council (tus thawj coj IP Vladimirov) "Lub Taming ntawm Shrew" nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm GI Gladkov, qhov twg cov cim ua estr. nkauj (zoo ib yam li cov nkauj hauv B. Brecht's theatre), los yog Xaiv Ib Txoj Kev Fate qhia los ntawm S. Yu. Yursky (tsim los ntawm S. Rosenzweig). Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub dramaturgy ntawm kev ua tau zoo productions yog nce mus rau lub hom ntawm hluavtaws. Meyerhold Theatre ("Pugachev" nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm YM Butsko thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita" los ntawm MA Bulgakov nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm EV Denisov nyob rau hauv Moscow Theatre ntawm Drama thiab Comedy ntawm Taganka, tus thawj coj Yu. P. Lyubimov). Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. ua hauj lwm - suab paj nruag los ntawm GV Sviridov rau ua yeeb yam los ntawm AK Tolstoy "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" (1973, Moscow. Maly Tr).

b.70s ib. 20 c ib. hauv cheeb tsam ntawm T.m. много работали Yu. M. Butsko, VA Gavrilin, GI Gladkov, SA Gubaidulina, EV Denisov, KA Karaev, AP Petrov, NI Peiko, NN Sidelnikov, SM Slonimsky, ML Tariverdiev, AG Schnittke, RK Shchedrin, A. Ya. Eshpai et al.

References: Tairov A., qhia los ntawm Zaptsky, M., 1921; Dasmanov V., Suab paj nruag thiab suab tsim ua si, M., 1929; Satz NI, Suab paj nruag hauv theatre rau cov menyuam yaus, hauv nws phau ntawv: Peb txoj kev. Moscow Children's Theatre…, Moscow, 1932; Lacis A., Revolutionary Theatre of Germany, Moscow, 1935; Ignatov S., Spanish theatre ntawm XVI-XVII centuries, M.-L., 1939; Begak E., Suab paj nruag sau rau kev ua yeeb yam, M., 1952; Glumov A., Suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam, Moscow, 1955; Druskin M., Theatre music, in collection: Essays on the history of Russian music, L., 1956; Bersenev I., Suab paj nruag hauv kev ua yeeb yam, hauv nws phau ntawv: Sau cov ntawv, M., 1961; Brecht B., Theatre, vol. 5, M., 1965; B. Izrailevsky, Suab paj nruag hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow Art Theatre, (Moscow, 1965); Rappoport, L., Arthur Onegger, L., 1967; Meyerhold W., Tshooj. Tsab ntawv.., ch. 2, M., 1968; Sats I., Los ntawm phau ntawv sau, M., 1968; Weisbord M., FG Lorca – tshuab raj, M., 1970; Milyutin P., Suab paj nruag muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, L., 1975; Suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv Dramatic Theatre, Sat. Ib., L., 1976; Konen W., Purcell thiab Opera, M., 1978; Tarshis N., Suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam, L., 1978; Barclay Squire W., Purcell's dramatic music, 'SIMG', Jahrg. 5, 1903–04; Pedrell F., La musique indigine dans le thûvtre espagnol du XVII siîcle, tam je; Waldthausen E. von, Die Funktion der Musik im klassischen deutschen Schauspiel, Hdlb., 1921 (Diss.); Kre11 M., Das deutsche Theatre der Gegenwart, Munch. — Ib., 1923; Wdtz R., Schauspielmusik zu Goethes «Faust», Lpz., 1924 (Diss.); Aber A., ​​Die Musik im Schauspiel, Lpz., 1926; Riemer O., Musik und Schauspiel, Z., 1946; Gassner J., Producing the play, NY, 1953; Manifold JS, suab paj nruag hauv lus Askiv ua yeeb yam los ntawm Shakespeare mus rau Purcell, L., 1956; Settle R., Suab paj nruag hauv theatre, L., 1957; Sternfeld FW, Musio hauv Shakespearean tragedy, L., 1963; Cowling JH, Suab paj nruag ntawm Shakespearean theem, NY, 1964.

TB Baranova IB