Plaub hom triads thiab lawv inversions

Lub triad nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag yog ib tug chord muaj peb lub suab, uas yog teem nyob rau hauv peb. Txhawm rau kom tau txais triad, koj yuav tsum txuas tsuas yog ob feem peb, tab sis txij li lub sijhawm ntawm ib feem peb tuaj yeem loj lossis me, kev sib txuas ntawm peb feem yuav txawv, thiab, raws li, nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntau hom triads. tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, plaub hom triads yog siv: loj (los yog loj), me (los yog me), nce thiab txo. Tag nrho cov triads raug suav los ntawm ob tus lej - 5 thiab 3, uas qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm chord (ib lub triad yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv thib tsib thiab thib peb lub sijhawm rau lub hauv paus).

Major triad

Lub triad loj yog nyob ntawm qhov loj thib peb, uas tus menyuam yaus ua rau saum. Yog li, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov triad no yog qhov loj thib peb + qhov thib peb me. Txhawm rau xaiv ib qho loj (lossis loj) triad, tsab ntawv loj B yog siv, tag nrho cov npe yog B53.

Piv txwv li, yog tias peb xav tsim lub triad loj los ntawm "ua", ces peb yuav xub tso ib qho loj thib peb "do-mi" los ntawm daim ntawv no, ces ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm "mi" - "mi-sol" rau. saum. Lub triad tuaj ntawm lub suab DO, MI thiab SALT.

Los yog, yog tias peb tsim lub triad ntawm "re", thawj zaug peb sau qhov loj thib peb "re f-sharp", ces peb muab ib qho me me rau "f-sharp" - "f-sharp la". Yog li, qhov loj triad ntawm "re" yog lub suab RE, F-SHARP thiab LA.

EXERCISE: tsim kev hais lus lossis sau ntawv, lossis ua si ntawm koj lub cuab yeej loj triads los ntawm lwm lub suab uas tuaj yeem ua si ntawm cov yuam sij dawb ntawm lub piano, uas yog, los ntawm MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI.

Cov triads loj heev muaj nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag - nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov nkauj los yog instrumental pieces, nrog rau cov piano los yog guitar accompaniments, los yog nyob rau hauv cov qhab nia orchestral.

Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm kev siv lub triad loj hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm ib zaj nkauj paub rau txhua tus "Nkauj hais txog tus tauj ncov loj" los ntawm Isaac Dunayevsky los ntawm zaj duab xis "Cov me nyuam ntawm Captain Grant". Nco ntsoov lub npe hu nkauj nrog cov lus: "Tus tauj ncov loj, tus thawj coj, luag ntxhi ..."? Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm nws melody yog precisely lub zog cia lub suab ntawm ib tug loj triad:

Tsawg triad

Nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm ib tug me triad lus dag, ntsig txog, ib tug me me thib peb, thiab ib tug loj ib tug twb ua rau nws. Yog li, nws lub caij nyoog muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav muaj raws li hauv qab no: me thib peb + loj thib peb. Txhawm rau xaiv tus triad li no, tsab ntawv loj M yog siv, thiab, raws li ib txwm muaj, tus lej 5 thiab 3 - M53.

Yog tias koj tsim ib lub triad me me los ntawm "rau", thawj zaug tso tseg "rau E-flat" - ib feem me me, ces ntxiv ib qho loj rau "E-flat" - "E-flat G". Yog li ntawd, peb tau txais chord los ntawm lub suab DO, MI-FLAT thiab SOL.

Lwm qhov piv txwv - cia peb tsim lub triad me los ntawm "re". Qhov thib peb ntawm "re" yog "re-fa", ntxiv rau qhov loj thib peb ntawm "fa" yog "fa-la". Tag nrho cov suab ntawm qhov xav tau triad, yog li, yog RE, FA thiab LA.

EXERCISE: tsim me me triads los ntawm lub suab MI, FA, SOL, LA thiab SI.

Cov triad me kuj tau siv dav hauv cov suab paj nruag hauv ntau hom kev sau, qee zaum cov nkauj pib nrog nws lub suab. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub suab paj nruag uas nrov tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm, zaj nkauj "Moscow Nights" los ntawm composer Vasily Solovyov-Sedoy. Thaum pib, ntawm cov lus "Tsis hnov ​​​​hauv lub vaj ...", cov suab paj nruag tsuas yog dhau los ntawm lub suab ntawm lub triad me me:

augmented triad

Ib qho augmented triad tau txais thaum ob feem peb loj tuaj koom. Txhawm rau sau ib qho triad, lub npe luv "Uv" yog siv, uas cov lej 5 thiab 3 tau ntxiv, qhia tias chord yog qhov tseeb triad - Uv53.

Xav txog cov piv txwv. Los ntawm lub suab "ua", qhov nce triad mus raws cov ntawv DO, MI thiab SOL-SHARP. Ob qhov thib peb - ​​"rau mi" thiab "mi sol-sharp", raws li nws yuav tsum yog, loj.

Los ntawm tus so ntawm lub suab, koj, twb muaj qee qhov kev paub dhau los, tuaj yeem yooj yim tsim cov triads ntawm koj tus kheej, uas peb xav kom koj ua tam sim ntawd. Yuav kom koj kuaj xyuas koj tus kheej, peb yuav zais cov lus teb hauv tus spoiler tam sim no.

Augmented triad, zoo li loj thiab me, yog ib txwm siv hauv suab paj nruag hauv ntau zaus. Tab sis vim qhov tseeb tias nws suab tsis ruaj khov, suab paj nruag ua haujlwm, raws li txoj cai, tsis txhob pib nrog nws. Ib qho augmented triad tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib zaj nkauj lossis instrumental piece.

Txo triad

Lub triad diminished yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov augmented chord. Nws muaj ob feem peb me me. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaiv yog zoo ib yam: cov ntawv sau luv "Um" thiab cov lej ntawm triad (5 thiab 3) - Um53.

Yog tias peb tab tom tsim lub triad txo qis los ntawm lub suab "rau", ces peb yuav tsum tsim thiab txuas ob feem me me: thawj yog "rau E-flat", qhov thib ob yog "E-flat G-flat". Yog li, peb tau txais cov hauv qab no: DO, MI-FLAT thiab G-FLAT - cov no yog cov suab uas tsim cov triad peb xav tau.

Txo triads los ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb (RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI) tsim koj tus kheej. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus teb rau kev ntsuas tus kheej hauv qhov spoiler hauv qab no.

Ib yam li lub augmented triad, qhov txo qis ib lub suab nruj thiab tsis ruaj khov, yog li nws tsis tshua siv thaum pib ntawm ib daim, ntau zaus qhov chord no tuaj yeem pom nyob nruab nrab lossis thaum kawg ntawm ib zaj nkauj lossis daim rau qee qhov ntsuas. .

Yuav ua li cas kawm paub qhov txawv 4 hom triads los ntawm pob ntseg?

Hauv solfeggio zaj lus qhia hauv tsev kawm suab paj nruag lossis tsev kawm qib siab, muaj ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo li kev soj ntsuam kev mloog, thaum tus tub ntxhais kawm raug nug kom twv seb lub chord lossis lub sijhawm tam sim no suab ntawm piano lossis lwm lub twj paj nruag. Yuav ua li cas kom nco qab lub suab ntawm plaub hom triads, yuav ua li cas kawm kom paub qhov txawv thiab tsis confuse rau ib leeg?

Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​cov lus hais tias: "Txhua yam paub txog kev sib piv." Lub tswv yim no los ntawm pej xeem kev txawj ntse yog siv tau ntawm no thaum lub sijhawm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los hu nkauj thiab ua si txhua yam ntawm triads, cim lawv lub suab thiab txheeb xyuas lawv qhov sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv.

Cia peb sim ua txhua yam ntawm triads:

1. Major triad suab tso siab, kaj, kaj.
2. Tsawg triad kuj suab ruaj khov, tab sis nrog ib tug hint ntawm kev tsaus ntuj, nws yog tsaus.
3. augmented triad suab tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab kaj, zoo li ib tug siren, heev mloog-grabbing.
4. Txo triad kuj suab tsis ruaj khov, tab sis nws yog, raws li nws tau, ntau compressed, faded.

Mloog cov triads no, tsim los ntawm lub suab ntawm RE, ob peb zaug thiab sim ua kom nco ntsoov cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv.

Reversal ntawm triads: thib rau chord thiab quartersextachord

Txhua qhov kev sib haum xeeb, suav nrog triads, tuaj yeem thim rov qab - uas yog, los ntawm kev hloov kho lub suab kom tau txais hom chords tshiab. Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua raws li tib txoj cai: lub suab qis ntawm tus thawj chord raug xa mus rau octave siab dua, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv chord.

Tag nrho cov triads muaj ob inversions: thawj yog hu ua thib rau chord, thiab thib ob yog hu ua plaub-rau chord. Rau chords yog qhia los ntawm tus xov tooj 6, lub quarter-sextchords yog qhia los ntawm ob tug lej: 6 thiab 4.

Piv txwv li, cia peb ua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj triad "do-mi-sol". Peb hloov lub suab qis "rau" ib qho octave siab dua, peb tsuas yog rov sau dua cov suab, tawm hauv lawv qhov chaw. Peb tau txais lub thib rau chord "mi-sol-do".

Tam sim no peb yuav ua raws li nram no, peb yuav ua hauj lwm nrog rau thib rau chord peb tau txais. Peb txav lub suab qis "mi" mus txog lub sijhawm ntawm lub octave ntshiab, peb tsuas yog rov sau cov suab ntxiv. Yog li, peb tau txais lub quarter-sextakcord los ntawm lub suab ntawm "sol-do-mi". Qhov no yog qhov thib ob thiab zaum kawg.

Yog tias peb sim ua ib qho kev thov rov hais dua ntxiv, peb yuav rov qab mus rau qhov peb tau pib los ntawm qhov qub. Ntawd yog, yog tias koj txav cov ntses bass thaj tsam "G" ib qho octave siab dua hauv "sol-do-mi" quarter-sextakcord, koj tau txais ib qho "do-mi-sol" triad. Yog li, peb ntseeg tau tias lub triad tiag tiag tsuas muaj ob qhov kev hloov pauv.

Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab lub sij hawm sib xyaw ntawm thib rau chords thiab quartersextachords?

Txij li thaum lub triad tsuas muaj plaub hom, nws txhais tau hais tias kuj yuav muaj rau chords thiab plaub-rau chords txhua - loj, me, nce thiab txo. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub sijhawm sib xyaw ntawm chords tshiab, cia peb tsim lawv.

Piv txwv li, cia peb coj triads los ntawm lub suab ntawm MI thiab tam sim ntawd ua lawv thawj thiab thib ob inversions kom tau rau thib rau chords thiab quarter-sextchords. Tom qab ntawd peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig chords thiab saib seb lub sijhawm twg lawv muaj.

Major sixth chord thiab quarter sixth chord

Loj triad los ntawm MI, cov no yog lub suab ntawm MI, SOL-SHARP thiab SI. Yog li ntawd, qhov loj thib rau chord (B.6) yuav raug tsim los ntawm lub suab G-SHARP, SI thiab MI - nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim. Thiab lub quarter-sextakcord loj (B.64) yuav tsim los ntawm cov ntawv sau SI, MI thiab SOL-SHARP.

Los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub triad loj muaj ob feem peb - ​​loj thiab me, peb twb paub qhov no.

Ib qho tseem ceeb thib rau chord yog tsim los ntawm ib qho me me thib peb (hauv peb qhov piv txwv, nws yog "sol-sharp si") thiab plaub dawb huv ("si-mi" txav).

Ib tug loj peb lub hlis twg-sext chord pib nrog ib tug zoo meej plaub (lub suab ntawm "si-mi" nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub chord), uas ib tug loj thib peb yog ntxiv (hauv qhov piv txwv - "mi sol-sharp").

Yog li, peb tau txais txoj cai hauv qab no: B.6 = me thib peb + ntshiab plaub; B.64 uXNUMXd ntshiab plaub + loj thib peb.

Me ntsis thib rau chord thiab lub quarter thib rau chord

Lub triad me me los ntawm MI yog tsim raws li lub suab MI, SOL, SI (tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis tsim nyog). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus me thib rau chord (M.6) yog cov ntawv SOL, SI, MI, thiab lub quarter-sextakcord (M.64) yog SI, MI, SOL.

Ib qho me me triad yog tsim los ntawm ob feem peb - ​​me me "E-sol" thiab loj "sol-si".

Ib qho me me thib rau chord muaj qhov loj thib peb (sol-si suab) thiab plaub dawb huv (si-mi suab), thaum lub quarter-sext chord, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, pib nrog plaub (hauv qhov piv txwv, "si- mi”), uas ib feem me me (hauv qhov piv txwv, cov no yog lub suab “mi-sol”).

Yog li, peb pom tias: M.6 = loj thib peb + ntshiab plaub; M.64 uXNUMXd ntshiab plaub + me thib peb.

Augmented thib rau chord thiab quartersextachord

Lub augmented triad los ntawm MI yog chord MI, G-SHARP, C-SHARP. Lub thib rau chord ntawm no triad yog G-SHARP, B-SHARP, MI, thiab lub quarter-poj niam chord yog B-SHARP, MI, G-SHARP. Ib qho nthuav feature ntawm tag nrho peb chords yog tias lawv tag nrho cov suab zoo li lub augmented triad (tsuas yog ua los ntawm cov suab sib txawv).

Ib qho augmented triad, raws li peb twb paub lawm, muaj ob feem peb loj (hauv qhov piv txwv, cov no yog "E G-sharp" thiab "G-sharp C-sharp").

Lub thib rau chord ntawm ib tug augmented triad yog ib tug loj thib peb (hauv qhov piv txwv - "G-sharp C-sharp"), uas ib tug diminished thib plaub yog ntxiv (hauv qhov piv txwv - "B-sharp E").

Lub quadrant-sextakcord ntawm tib lub triad yog qhov txo qis (mi sol-sharp) thiab qhov loj thib peb (los ntawm sol-sharp mus rau c-sharp).

Qhov xaus yog raws li nram no: SW.6 = loj thib peb + txo plaub; Uv.64 uXNUMXd txo plaub + loj thib peb.

Diminished sixth chord thiab quarter-poj niam chord

Lub triad txo los ntawm lub suab MI yog consonance los ntawm sau ntawv MI, SOL, SI-FLAT. Lub thib rau chord ntawm no triad yog G, B-flat thiab MI, thiab nws lub quarter-poj niam chord yog B-flat, MI, G.

Lub triad nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab yog symmetrical, nws muaj ob feem peb me me (hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, cov no yog cov suab "mi sol" thiab "sol si-flat").

Ib qho kev txo qis thib rau yog tau los ntawm kev sib txuas ib feem me me (peb muaj "G-flat") nrog qhov nce quart (hauv qhov piv txwv, "B-flat").

Lub quartsextakcord poob qis pib nrog qhov loj dua quart (raws li qhov piv txwv - "si-flat mi"), uas ib feem me me ("mi sol") koom.

Yog li ntawd, nws hloov tawm qhov no: Um.6 u64d me thib peb + nce plaub; Um.XNUMX = augmented fourth + minor thib peb.

Table of interval compositions of three-sound chords

Cia peb sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv peb tau txais txog lub sijhawm chord sib xyaw hauv ib lub rooj. Koj tuaj yeem rub tau tib lub rooj rau kev luam ntawv. NTAWM NO thiab siv nws ua ib daim ntawv khib nyiab hauv solfeggio cov lus qhia lossis hauv homework kom txog thaum koj nco ntsoov nws.

qaug cawv	SEXT- CHORDS	QUARTZEXT- CHORDS
TXIV	B.53 = b.3 + m.3	B.6 = m.3 + h.4	B.64 u4d part 3 + b.XNUMX
TUS NEEG	M.53 = m.3 + b.3	M.6 = b.3 + p.4	M.64 = part 4 + m.3
Loj	Uv.53 = b.3 + b.3	Uv.6 = b.3 + um.4	Uv.64 = um.4 + b.3
TXO LUS	Mind.53 = m.3 + m.3	Mind.6 = m.3 + uv.4	Mind.64 = uv.4 + m.3

Vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum paub tias lub sijhawm no lossis lub chord yog li cas? Qhov no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav yooj yim tsim lub xav consonance los ntawm tej suab paj nruag.

Piv txwv li, cia peb tsim tag nrho cov chords peb tau txiav txim siab hnub no los ntawm lub suab PE.

• Peb twb tau tsim ib tug loj triad los ntawm PE, peb yuav tsis hais txog nws ntxiv. Cov no yog cov suab RE, F-SHARP, LA. Loj thib rau chord los ntawm RE - RE, FA, SI-FLAT ("re-fa" yog ib feem peb me me, thiab "fa B-flat" yog ib qho dawb huv quart). Lub quarter loj-sextakcord los ntawm tib daim ntawv yog RE, SOL, SI (ntshiab quart "re-sol" thiab loj thib peb "sol-si").
• Me me triad los ntawm RE – RE, FA, LA. Lub me thib rau chord ntawm daim ntawv no yog RE, F-sharp, SI (loj thib peb "re F-sharp" + ntshiab plaub "F-sharp si"). Me me quarter-sextakcord los ntawm PE - PE, SOL, SI-FLAT (ntshiab quart "D-Sol" + me thib peb "G-flat").
• Nce triad los ntawm RE - RE, F-SHARP, A-SHARP. Nce rau thib rau chord los ntawm RE - RE, F-SHARP, SI-FLAT (thawj qhov loj thib peb "DF-sharp", tom qab ntawd qhov txo qis "F-sharp B-flat"). Nce lub quarter-sextakcord los ntawm tib lub suab - RE, G-flat, B-flat (txo quart ntawm lub hauv paus "D G-flat" thiab ib qho loj thib peb saum nws "G-flat B-flat").
• Txo triad los ntawm RE - RE, FA, A-FLAT. Qhov txo qis thib rau chord los ntawm lub suab no yog RE, FA, SI ("re-fa" yog qhov thib peb me me, "fa-si" yog qhov thib plaub). Txo lub quarter-rau chord ntawm PE - PE, G-SHARP, SI (nce plaub ntawm lub hauv paus "D-sharp", thiab ib feem me me saum nws "G-sharp SI").

Tag nrho cov triad inversions muaj lawv tus kheej qhia lub zog thiab tau siv dav hauv suab paj nruag hauv ntau yam haujlwm.

Nyob zoo cov phooj ywg, qhov no yog qhov chaw uas peb yuav txwv peb cov lus qhia loj. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog qhov teeb meem, thov sau rau hauv cov lus rau kab lus no. Yog tias ib yam dab tsi, nws zoo li koj, tsis tau piav qhia meej meej, kuj tseem xav qhia koj lub tswv yim ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Peb ua haujlwm tas li los txhim kho peb cov khoom zoo.

Hauv cov teeb meem tom ntej, peb yuav rov qab mus rau qhov kev kawm ntawm triads ntau dua ib zaug. Tsis ntev koj yuav kawm txog dab tsi lub ntsiab triads ntawm hom yog, thiab txog dab tsi tseem ceeb functions lawv ua nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag.

Nyob rau hauv parting, peb yuav muab koj ib co zoo nkauj suab paj nruag. Cov suab paj nruag no, los ntawm txoj kev, pib nrog me me quarter-sext chord!

L. van Beethoven – Moonlight Sonata (Spanish: Valentina Lisitsa)