Chords hauv suab paj nruag thiab lawv hom

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshaj tawm niaj hnub no yog chords hauv suab paj nruag. Peb yuav tham txog dab tsi chord yog dab tsi thiab hom chords muaj.

Lub chord yog ib lub suab ntawm ob peb lub suab (los ntawm peb lossis ntau dua) uas muaj kev sib raug zoo rau ib leeg ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb, uas yog, ntawm qee lub sijhawm. Consonance yog dab tsi? Consonance yog lub suab uas sib koom ua ke. Qhov yooj yim consonance yog lub caij nyoog, ntau hom consonances yog ntau yam chords.

Lo lus "consonance" tuaj yeem muab piv nrog lo lus "constellation". Hauv cov hnub qub, ntau lub hnub qub nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Yog tias koj txuas lawv, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj lossis cov dab neeg mythological. Zoo sib xws hauv suab paj nruag, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov suab muab consonances ntawm qee cov chords.

Cov chords yog dab tsi?

Yuav kom tau txais ib lub chord, koj yuav tsum sib txuas yam tsawg kawg peb lub suab lossis ntau dua. Hom chord nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg lub suab sib txuas ua ke, thiab nyob ntawm seb lawv txuas li cas (ntawm lub sijhawm twg).

Nyob rau hauv classical suab paj nruag, suab nyob rau hauv chords yog teem nyob rau hauv peb. Ib lub chord uas peb lub suab sib dhos hauv peb yog hu ua triad. Yog tias koj sau cov triad nrog cov ntawv sau, tom qab ntawd cov duab sawv cev ntawm lub chord no yuav zoo li tus me me snowman.

Yog consonance plaub lub suab, kuj sib cais los ntawm ib tug thib peb, ces nws hloov tawm xya chord. Lub npe "seventh chord" txhais tau tias nruab nrab ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm chord, ib ntus ntawm "septim" yog tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kaw, lub xya chord kuj yog ib tug "snowman", tsis tsuas yog los ntawm peb snowballs, tab sis los ntawm plaub.

Yog hais tias lub nyob rau hauv ib lub chord muaj tsib lub suab txuas nrog pebces hu ua non-chord (raws li lub caij nyoog "nona" ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus huab). Zoo, cov suab paj nruag ntawm xws li chord yuav muab rau peb ib tug "snowman", uas, zoo li, tau noj ntau carrots, vim hais tias nws tau loj hlob mus rau tsib snowballs!

Triad, xya chord thiab nonchord yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm chords siv hauv suab paj nruag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov koob no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog lwm cov kev sib haum xeeb, uas tau tsim los ntawm tib lub ntsiab cai, tab sis siv tsawg dua. Cov no tuaj yeem suav nrog undecimacchord (6 lub suab los ntawm peb), tertsdecimacchord (7 suab los ntawm peb), quintdecimacchord (8 suab los ntawm peb). Nws yog qhov xav paub tias yog tias koj tsim qhov thib peb tus lej chord lossis tus lej thib tsib chord los ntawm daim ntawv "ua", ces lawv yuav suav tag nrho xya kauj ruam ntawm cov suab paj nruag (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si) .

Yog li, lub ntsiab hom chords hauv suab paj nruag yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Ib triad - ib chord ntawm peb lub suab nyob rau hauv thib peb yog qhia los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov lej 5 thiab 3 (53);
• Xya chord - ib chord ntawm plaub lub suab nyob rau hauv peb, nruab nrab ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm lub xya, yog qhia los ntawm tus xov tooj 7;
• Nonaccord - ib chord ntawm tsib lub suab nyob rau hauv peb, nruab nrab ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm tsis, yog qhia los ntawm tus xov tooj 9.

Non-tertz structure chords

Hauv cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub no, feem ntau tuaj yeem pom chords uas lub suab tsis nyob hauv peb feem, tab sis nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm - feem ntau hauv plaub lossis thib tsib. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob quarts, lub thiaj li hu ua quarter-seventh chord yog tsim (qhia los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov lej 7 thiab 4) nrog rau xya ntawm lub suab nrov.

Los ntawm lub clutch ntawm ob thib tsib, koj tuaj yeem tau txais quint-chords (qhia los ntawm tus lej 9 thiab 5), yuav muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub suab qis thiab sab sauv.

Classical tertsovye chords suab mos, sib haum xeeb. Cov chords ntawm cov qauv tsis-tertzian muaj lub suab khoob, tab sis lawv muaj xim zoo nkauj heev. Qhov no yog tej zaum yog vim li cas cov chords thiaj li tsim nyog qhov uas yuav tsum tau tsim cov suab paj nruag zoo heev mysterious.

Ua piv txwv, cia peb hu Prelude "Sunken Cathedral" los ntawm Fabkis tus kws sau ntawv Claude Debussy. Npliag chords ntawm tsib thiab plaub ntawm no pab tsim cov duab ntawm lub zog ntawm dej thiab cov tsos ntawm lub legendary cathedral pom tsis tau thaum nruab hnub, nce los ntawm cov dej saum npoo ntawm lub pas dej tsuas yog thaum hmo ntuj. Tib chords zoo li qhia lub suab nrov ntawm lub tswb thiab ib tag hmo tawm tsam ntawm lub moos.

Ib qho piv txwv ntxiv - piano daim los ntawm lwm tus neeg sau ntawv Fabkis txoj Maurice Ravel "Galllows" los ntawm lub voj voog "Ghosts of the Night". Ntawm no, hnyav quint-chords tsuas yog txoj hauv kev los pleev xim rau daim duab tsaus ntuj.

Pawg los yog ob pawg

Txog tam sim no, peb tau hais tsuas yog cov consonances uas muaj consonances ntawm ntau yam - peb, plaub thiab tsib. Tab sis consonances kuj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv-dissonances, suav nrog los ntawm vib nas this.

Thiaj li hu ua pawg yog tsim los ntawm vib nas this. Tej zaum lawv kuj hu ua ob pawg. (lawv cov duab nraaj yog qhov nco txog ntau pawg ntawm qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo - piv txwv li, roob tshauv lossis txiv hmab txiv ntoo).

Feem ntau pawg yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag tsis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "scatters ntawm sau ntawv", tab sis raws li sau los yog khoob cov duab nyob rau hauv lub stave. Lawv yuav tsum to taub raws li hauv qab no: tag nrho cov ntawv sau ua si (dawb lossis dub piano yuam sij nyob ntawm cov xim ntawm pawg, qee zaum ob qho tib si) hauv thaj tsam ntawm daim duab plaub no.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov pawg no tuaj yeem pom hauv Piano daim "Festive" los ntawm Lavxias teb sab composer Leyla Ismagilova.

Cov pawg feem ntau tsis cais raws li chords. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov ntawd yog cov hauv qab no. Nws hloov tawm tias nyob rau hauv ib qho chord, tus neeg lub suab ntawm nws cov khoom yuav tsum tau hnov ​​zoo. Ib lub suab zoo li no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov hnov ​​​​txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub suab thiab, piv txwv li, hu nkauj tas li ntawm lub suab uas ua rau lub chord, thaum peb yuav tsis cuam tshuam. Hauv pawg nws txawv, vim hais tias tag nrho lawv lub suab sib koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho chaw muaj yeeb yuj, thiab tsis tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​ib qho ntawm lawv cais.

Ntau yam ntawm triads, xya chords thiab nonnchords

Classical chords muaj ntau ntau yam. Tsuas muaj plaub hom triads, xya chords - 16, tab sis tsuas yog 7 tau kho nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov uas tsis yog chords (64), tab sis cov uas siv tas li tuaj yeem suav rau ntawm tus ntiv tes (4-5).

Peb yuav mob siab rau cov teeb meem sib cais rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov hom triads thiab xya chords yav tom ntej, tab sis tam sim no peb yuav muab lawv cov lus piav qhia luv luv xwb.

Tab sis ua ntej, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau hom chords txhua? Raws li peb tau sau tseg ua ntej, cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm ua "cov khoom tsim" rau chords. Cov no yog hom cib, los ntawm qhov "tsev ntawm chord" yog ces tau.

Tab sis koj tseem nco ntsoov tias lub sijhawm luv kuj muaj ntau ntau yam, lawv tuaj yeem dav lossis nqaim, tab sis kuj huv, loj, me me, txo qis, thiab lwm yam. Cov duab ntawm lub caij nyoog-cib nyob ntawm nws qhov zoo thiab qhov muaj nuj nqis. Thiab los ntawm lub sijhawm twg peb tsim (thiab koj tuaj yeem tsim chords los ntawm lub sijhawm ob qho tib si thiab sib txawv), nws nyob ntawm seb hom chord, thaum kawg, peb yuav tau txais.

Yog li ntawd, triad muaj 4 hom. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov loj (lossis loj), me me (lossis me), txo qis lossis augmented.

1. Loj (loj) triad txhais los ntawm tsab ntawv loj B nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov lej 5 thiab 3 (B53). Nws muaj qhov loj thiab qhov thib peb me, raws nraim qhov kev txiav txim no: thawj zaug, qhov thib peb loj yog hauv qab, thiab tus me yog tsim rau saum nws.
2. Me (me) triad sau los ntawm tsab ntawv loj M nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tib tus lej (M53). Ib qho me me triad, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, pib nrog ib feem me me, uas ib qho loj ntxiv rau saum.
3. augmented triad tau los ntawm kev sib txuas ob qhov loj thib peb, abbreviated li – Uv.53.
4. Txo triad yog tsim los ntawm kev koom nrog ob feem peb, nws lub npe yog Um.53.

Hauv qhov piv txwv hauv qab no, koj tuaj yeem pom tag nrho cov npe ntawm triads tsim los ntawm cov ntawv "mi" thiab "fa":

Muaj xya lub ntsiab ntawm xya chords. (7 ntawm 16). Lawv cov npe yog tsim los ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus: thawj yog hom xya ntawm lub suab nrov (nws tuaj yeem loj, me, txo lossis nce); qhov thib ob yog ib hom triad, uas nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm xya chord (uas yog, ib hom triad, uas yog tsim los ntawm peb lub suab qis).

Piv txwv li, lub npe "me me loj xya chord" yuav tsum to taub raws li nram no: lub xya chord no muaj ib tug xya me me ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam thiab lub suab sab sauv, thiab nyob rau hauv nws muaj ib tug loj triad.

Yog li, 7 lub ntsiab ntawm xya chords tuaj yeem nco tau yooj yim li no - peb ntawm lawv yuav loj, peb - ​​me, thiab ib qho - txo:

1. Grand Major xyab chord - loj xya + loj triad ntawm lub hauv paus (B.mazh.7);
2. Major minor xya chord - loj xya ntawm ntug + me triad hauv qab (B.min.7);
3. Grand augmented xya chord - ib qho loj thib xya ntawm lub suab nrov + ib qho ntxiv triad daim ntawv peb lub suab qis los ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam (B.uv.7);
4. Me loj xya chord - me xya raws ntug + loj triad nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus (M.mazh.7);
5. Me me xya chord - lub xya me me yog tsim los ntawm cov suab nrov + ib qho me me triad tau los ntawm peb lub suab qis (M. min. 7);
6. Me me diminished xya chord – me xya + triad hauv diminished (M.um.7);
7. Txo xya chord - lub xya ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam thiab lub suab sab sauv yog txo + lub triad sab hauv kuj txo (Um.7).

Lub suab paj nruag piv txwv qhia txog cov npe ntawm xya chords, ua los ntawm lub suab "re" thiab "ntsev":

Raws li cov tsis-chords, lawv yuav tsum tau kawm kom paub qhov txawv, feem ntau yog lawv tsis muaj. Raws li txoj cai, tsis yog chords tsuas yog siv nrog ib qho me me lossis ib daim ntawv loj. Hauv qhov tsis yog chord, tau kawg, nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm hom xya thiab hom triad.

cov common nonnchords suav nrog cov hauv qab no (tsib nyob rau hauv tag nrho):

• Grand Major nonchord - nrog ib tug loj nona, ib tug loj xya thiab ib tug loj triad (B.mazh.9);
• Major minor nonchord - nrog ib tug loj nona, ib tug loj xya thiab ib tug me triad (B.min.9);
• Loj augmented nonchord - nrog ib tug loj tsis, ib tug loj xya thiab ib tug nce triad (B.uv.9);
• Me loj nonchord - nrog ib tug me me tsis, ib tug me me xya thiab ib tug loj triad (M.mazh.9);
• Me me nonchord – nrog ib tug me me nona, ib tug me me xya thiab ib tug me triad (M. min. 9).

Hauv cov piv txwv suab paj nruag hauv qab no, cov tsis yog chords yog tsim los ntawm lub suab "ua" thiab "re":

Kev hloov pauv - ib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais chords tshiab

Los ntawm cov chords tseem ceeb siv hauv suab paj nruag, uas yog, raws li peb cov kev faib tawm - los ntawm triads, xya chords thiab nonchords - koj tuaj yeem tau txais lwm cov chords los ntawm kev hloov pauv. Peb twb tau tham txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm, thaum, raws li kev hloov kho lawv lub suab, cov ntu tshiab tau txais. Tib txoj cai siv rau chords. Chord inversions yog ua, feem ntau, los ntawm kev txav lub suab qis (bass) ib qho octave siab dua.

Yog li ntawd, triad tuaj yeem thim rov qab ob zaug, nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub, peb yuav tau txais consonances tshiab - sextant thiab quartz sextant. Rau chords yog qhia los ntawm tus naj npawb 6, lub quarter-sext chords - los ntawm ob tus lej (6 thiab 4).

Piv txwv li, cia peb coj ib tug triad los ntawm lub suab "d-fa-la" thiab ua nws inversion. Peb hloov lub suab "re" ib qho octave siab dua thiab tau txais lub consonance "fa-la-re" - qhov no yog lub thib rau chord ntawm no triad. Tom ntej no, peb tam sim no txav lub suab "fa", peb tau txais "la-re-fa" - lub quadrant-sextakcord ntawm triad. Yog hais tias peb mam li txav lub suab "la" ib octave siab dua, ces peb yuav rov qab mus rau qhov peb tshuav - mus rau lub qub triad "d-fa-la". Yog li, peb ntseeg tau tias lub triad tiag tiag tsuas muaj ob qhov kev hloov pauv.

Xya chords muaj peb qhov kev thov - quintsextachord, peb lub hlis twg chord thiab thib ob chord, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv qhov kev siv yog tib yam. Txhawm rau xaiv cov chords thib tsib, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov lej 6 thiab 5 yog siv, rau peb lub hlis twg chords - 4 thiab 3, chords thib ob yog qhia los ntawm tus lej 2.

Piv txwv li, muab lub xya chord "do-mi-sol-si". Cia peb ua txhua yam kev hloov pauv tau thiab tau txais cov hauv qab no: quintsextakkord "mi-sol-si-do", peb lub hlis twg chord "sol-si-do-mi", thib ob chord "si-do-mi-sol".

Inversions ntawm triads thiab xya chords yog siv ntau zaus hauv suab paj nruag. Tab sis inversions ntawm non-chords lossis chords, uas muaj ntau lub suab, yog siv tsis tshua muaj (yuav luag tsis tau), yog li peb yuav tsis xav txog lawv ntawm no, txawm hais tias nws tsis yooj yim kom tau txais lawv thiab muab lawv lub npe (tag nrho. raws li tib txoj cai ntawm kev hloov bass thaj tsam).

Ob lub zog ntawm chord - qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm

Ib qho chord tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv ob txoj hauv kev. Ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem tsim nws los ntawm lub suab thiab xav txog nws cov qauv, uas yog, raws li lub caij nyoog muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub npe tshwj xeeb ntawm chord - loj triad, loj me xya chord, me plaub chord, thiab lwm yam.

Los ntawm lub npe, peb nkag siab tias peb tuaj yeem tsim qhov no lossis lub chord ntawm lub suab thiab dab tsi yuav yog "cov ntsiab lus sab hauv" ntawm lub chord no. Thiab, nco ntsoov koj, tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv peb los ntawm kev tsim cov chord los ntawm ib lub suab.

Qhov thib ob, chords tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov loj lossis me me. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsim ntawm chords yog heev cuam tshuam los ntawm hom hom, cov cim qhia ntawm yuam sij.

Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv hom loj (cia nws yog C loj), triads loj tsuas yog tau ntawm peb kauj ruam - thawj, plaub thiab thib tsib. Ntawm cov kauj ruam ntxiv, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tsuas yog me me lossis tsawg triads.

Ib yam li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug me me (piv txwv li, cia peb coj C me) - me triads tseem yuav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thawj, plaub thiab thib tsib kauj ruam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd nws yuav ua tau kom tau ib tug loj los yog tsawg.

Qhov tseeb tias tsuas yog qee hom chords tuaj yeem tau txais qib ntawm qhov loj lossis me, thiab tsis muaj ib qho (tsis muaj kev txwv) yog thawj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm "lub neej" ntawm chords ntawm kev ntxhov siab.

Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias chords tau txais kev ua haujlwm (uas yog, ib lub luag haujlwm, lub ntsiab lus) thiab ib qho kev xaiv ntxiv. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm seb lub chord tau ua rau qib twg. Piv txwv li, triads thiab xya chords ua rau thawj kauj ruam yuav raug hu ua triads lossis xya chords ntawm thawj kauj ruam lossis tonic triads (tonic xya chords), raws li lawv yuav sawv cev rau "tonic rog", uas yog, lawv yuav xa mus rau thawj. kauj ruam.

Triads thiab xya chords tsim nyob rau theem thib tsib, uas yog hu ua tus tseem ceeb, yuav hu ua tseem ceeb (dominant triad, dominant xya chord). Nyob rau theem plaub, subdominant triads thiab xya chords raug tsim.

Qhov khoom thib ob ntawm chords, uas yog, muaj peev xwm ua tau qee yam haujlwm, tuaj yeem piv nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua si hauv qee pab pawg kis las, piv txwv li, hauv pab pawg ncaws pob. Txhua tus neeg ncaws pob hauv pab pawg yog cov neeg ncaws pob, tab sis qee tus yog tus neeg ncaws pob, lwm tus yog tus tiv thaiv lossis midfielders, thiab lwm tus yog cov neeg tawm tsam, thiab txhua tus ua tsuas yog nws tus kheej, cov haujlwm nruj me ntsis.

Chord functions yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog cov npe ntawm cov qauv. Piv txwv li, qhov tseem ceeb thib xya chord nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv yog ib tug me me loj xya chord, thiab lub xya chord ntawm lub thib ob kauj ruam yog ib tug me me xya chord. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau hais tias txhua qhov me me loj xya chord tuaj yeem sib npaug nrog lub cim thib xya chord. Thiab qhov no tseem tsis tau txhais hais tias qee qhov chord hauv cov qauv tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb thib xya chord - piv txwv li, me me lossis loj nce.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv hnub no qhov teeb meem, peb tau txiav txim siab lub ntsiab ntawm complex suab paj nruas consonances - chords thiab pawg, kov raws li cov teeb meem ntawm lawv cov kev faib (chords nrog terts thiab non-terts qauv), piav qhia lub inversions thiab txheeb xyuas ob lub ntsiab ntawm lub chord. -structural thiab functional. Nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem tom ntej no peb yuav kawm ntxiv txog chords, ua tib zoo saib cov hom triads thiab xya chords, nrog rau lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev sib raug zoo. Nyob twj ywm!

Suab paj nruag nres! Nyob rau hauv lub piano - Denis Matsuev.

Jean Sibelius - Etude in A minor Op. 76 nra. 2.