Ntses, tiaj tus thiab bekar - cov cim ntawm kev hloov hauv suab paj nruag

Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog dab tsi ib tug ntse, tiaj tus thiab bekar yog dab tsi, thiab hais txog dab tsi cim ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag, thiab lo lus "hloov" txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv dav dav.

Cia peb pib nrog kev piav qhia luv luv ntawm txhua yam, thiab tom qab ntawd peb yuav nkag siab meej. Cia peb pib nrog peb lo lus nug kawg, uas yog - Kev hloov pauv hauv suab paj nruag yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lo lus Latin uas muaj lub hauv paus "ALTER", koj tuaj yeem twv nws lub ntsiab lus yog tias koj nco qab cov lus uas muaj tib lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li, muaj lo lus xws li "lwm yam" (ib lossis lwm qhov kev txiav txim siab xaiv los ntawm), muaj xws li kev qhia hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li "hloov ego" (lwm kuv). Yog li, hauv Latin ALTER txhais tau tias "Lwm yam". Ntawd yog, lo lus no ib txwm qhia txog qhov muaj nyob ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim lossis khoom, lossis qee yam kev hloov pauv.

Hauv suab paj nruag, ALTERATION yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv cov kauj ruam yooj yim (uas yog, kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntawv sau zoo ib yam TSIS TAU MI FA SOLD LA SI). Koj tuaj yeem hloov lawv li cas? Koj tuaj yeem nce lossis txo lawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov kauj ruam suab paj nruag no tau tsim (cov kauj ruam derivative). Cov ntawv siab dua hu ua DIESES, thiab cov ntawv qis dua hu ua BEMOLS.

Hloov Pauv Hloov

Raws li peb twb tau sau tseg tias NOTES tau kaw cov suab, uas yog, cov cim kos duab. Thiab txhawm rau sau cov ntawv tseem ceeb hauv octaves sib txawv, siv lub stave, cov yuam sij, cov thawj coj. Thiab rau kev sau ntawv hloov pauv, kuj tseem muaj cov cim qhia - ALTERATION SIGNS: ntse, tiaj tus, bekars, ob ntse ntse thiab ob npaug.

DIEZ kos npe zoo li lub grille ntawm lub xov tooj keypad lossis, yog tias koj xav tau, zoo li tus ntaiv me me, nws qhia peb kom nce daim ntawv. Lub npe ntawm daim paib no los ntawm Greek lo lus "diea".

BEMOL kos npe taw qhia peb txog daim ntawv qis, nws zoo li ib tsab ntawv Askiv lossis Latin sau "bh" (b), tsuas yog qhov qis ntawm tsab ntawv no yog taw qhia (zoo li lub tee dej inverted). Flat yog ib lo lus Fab Kis, txawm tias muaj Latin etymology. Lub sij hawm yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim heev: "be" yog tsab ntawv "be" (b), thiab "mole" txhais tau tias "mos", uas yog, tiaj tus tsuas yog "mos b".

BEKAR kos npe - ib qho kev nthuav qhia heev, nws tshem tawm cov nyhuv ntawm flats thiab sharps thiab hais tias koj yuav tsum tau ua si ib tug tsis tu ncua daim ntawv, tsis tsa los yog txo. Los ntawm kev sau ntawv, lub bekar yog me ntsis angular, nws zoo li tus lej 4, tsuas yog kaw nyob rau sab saum toj tsis yog daim duab peb sab, tab sis nrog lub square, thiab nws kuj zoo li tsab ntawv "bh" (b), tsuas yog "squared" thiab nrog stroke down. Lub npe "bekar" yog los ntawm Fabkis keeb kwm thiab txhais ua "square bae".

DOUBLE-DIEZ kos npe, muaj ib qho, nws yog siv los ua ob npaug ntawm daim ntawv, nws yog kab pheeb ces kaum (yuav luag tib yam li lawv sau thaum lawv ua si tic-tac-toe), tsuas yog nrog txuas ntxiv, me ntsis pob zeb diamond-puab cov lus qhia.

DOUBLE-BEMOL kos npePiv txwv li, hais txog kev txo qis ntawm ob daim ntawv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau cov cim no yog tib yam li tsab ntawv Askiv W (ob chav V), nws tsuas yog qhov tsis yog ib qho, tab sis ob lub tiaj tiaj tau muab tso rau ntawm ib sab.

Yuav ua li cas sharps thiab flats hloov sau ntawv?

Cia peb pib nrog qhov kev soj ntsuam no. Txhua tus uas saib lub piano keyboard yuav pom tias nws muaj cov yuam sij dawb thiab dub. Thiab nrog cov yuam sij dawb, txhua yam feem ntau yog qhov tseeb, nws yog ntawm lawv uas koj tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv paub txog DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI. Txhawm rau nrhiav daim ntawv DO ntawm lub piano, peb tau coj los ntawm cov yuam sij dub: qhov twg muaj ob lub yuam sij dub, sab laug ntawm lawv yog daim ntawv DO, thiab tag nrho lwm cov ntawv sau los ntawm DO ua ke. Yog tias koj tseem ua tsis tau zoo nrog cov yuam sij piano, peb xav kom koj kawm cov ntaub ntawv "Qhov chaw sau ntawv ntawm lub piano".

Thiab dab tsi yog dub rau thaum ntawd? Tsuas yog rau kev taw qhia hauv qhov chaw? Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov dub, lub thiaj li hu ua sharps thiab flats yog ua si - siab thiab qis. Tab sis ntau ntxiv txog qhov ntawd tom qab, tab sis tam sim no peb yuav tsum paub txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Sharps thiab flats tsa lossis qis sau los ntawm HALF TONE. Qhov no txhais li cas thiab dab tsi yog semitone?

Lub semitone yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm qhov deb ntawm ob lub suab. Thiab ntawm lub piano keyboard, lub semitone yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ib tus yuam sij mus rau cov neeg nyob ze ze. Thiab ntawm no ob qho tib si dawb thiab dub yuam sij raug coj mus rau hauv tus account - tsis muaj qhov khoob.

Halftones yog tsim thaum peb nce ntawm tus yuam sij dawb mus rau qhov dub tom ntej, lossis thaum twg, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, peb nqis los ntawm qee qhov dub mus rau qhov ze tshaj plaws. Thiab tseem muaj semitones nruab nrab ntawm cov yuam sij dawb, lossis qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub suab MI thiab FA, nrog rau SI thiab DO. Ua tib zoo saib ntawm cov yuam sij no - tsis muaj cov yuam sij dub nruab nrab ntawm lawv, tsis muaj dab tsi cais lawv, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tseem nyob ze rau ib leeg thiab tseem muaj qhov sib nrug deb ntawm lawv. Peb pom zoo kom koj nco ntsoov ob lub ntsiab lus txawv txawv (MI-FA thiab SI-DO), lawv yuav tuaj yeem siv tau ntau dua ib zaug.

Ntses thiab flats ntawm lub piano keyboard

Yog hais tias tus ntse tsa ib daim ntawv los ntawm ib tug semitone (los yog koj yuav tau hais los ntawm ib nrab lub suab), ces qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum peb ua si ib tug ntse ntawm lub piano, peb yuav tsum tau sau ib tug semitone siab dua (uas yog, lub ntsiab nyob ze ze. ). Piv txwv li, yog tias peb xav ua si C-SHARP, ces peb ua qhov ze tshaj plaws dub yuam sij los ntawm DO, uas yog mus rau sab xis ntawm cov dawb DO (uas yog, peb coj lub semitone upwards). Yog tias koj xav ua si D-SHARP, ces peb ua tib yam nkaus: peb ua tus yuam sij tom ntej, uas siab dua los ntawm semitone (dub mus rau sab xis ntawm RE dawb).

Tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias tsis muaj tus yuam sij dub ntawm sab xis? Nco ntsoov peb cov xim dawb ib nrab MI-FA thiab SI-DO. Yuav ua li cas ua si MI-DIEZ yog tias tsis muaj tus yuam sij dub rau sab xis ntawm nws txoj kev nce siab, thiab yuav ua li cas ua si SI-DIEZ, uas muaj tib zaj dab neeg? Thiab tag nrho raws li tib txoj cai - peb sau ib daim ntawv ntawm sab xis (uas yog, sab saud), uas yog semitone siab dua. Zoo, cia nws tsis yog dub, tab sis dawb. Nws kuj tshwm sim tias cov yuam sij dawb pab ib leeg tawm ntawm no.

Saib ntawm daim duab, ntawm no ntawm cov yuam sij piano tau kos npe tag nrho cov ntse uas nyob hauv octave:

Thiab rau cov flats, tej zaum koj twv koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua si lub tiaj tus ntawm lub piano, koj yuav tsum coj tus yuam sij rau lub semitone qis (uas yog, nyob rau hauv nqes mus rau sab laug). Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav ua si RE-BEMOL, ces coj tus yuam sij dub mus rau sab laug ntawm tus RE dawb, yog MI-BEMOL, ces mus rau sab laug ntawm MI dawb. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv ib nrab-tones dawb, sau ntawv rov pab ib leeg tawm: FA-BEMOL coincides nrog tus yuam sij MI, thiab DO-BEMOL - nrog SI.

Daim duab tam sim no qhia tag nrho cov flats ntawm tus yuam sij piano:

Yuav ua li cas yog ob tug ntse thiab ob chav tiaj tus?

Thiab ob-ntse thiab ob lub tiaj tus - ob chav nce thiab ob chav ntog, tau kawg, hloov daim ntawv los ntawm ob lub semitones ib zaug. Ob semitones yog ob halves ntawm ib lub suab. Yog hais tias koj txuas ob halves ntawm ib yam dab tsi, ces koj tau ib yam dab tsi tag nrho. Yog tias koj muab ob lub semitones, koj tau txais ib lub suab tag nrho.

Yog li, nws hloov tawm tias DOUBLE-DIEZ tsa daim ntawv los ntawm ib lub suab tag nrho ib zaug, thiab DOUBLE-BEMOLE txo qis daim ntawv los ntawm tag nrho lub suab. Los yog ob semitones yog tias koj nyiam nws zoo dua.

Yuav hais lus thiab sau li cas?

RULE #1. Ntawm no peb txhua tus hais: DO-DIEZ, RE-DIEZ, MI-BEMOLE, LA-BEMOLE. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tau sau ntawv hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws - DIEZ-DO, DIEZ-RE, BEMOLE-MI, BEMOLE-LA. Ntawd yog, daim ntawv qhia ntse lossis tiaj tus tau muab tso rau ntawm daim ntawv ua ntej, zoo li daim ntawv ceeb toom rau tus neeg tsav tsheb. Nws yog lig dhau los muab lub tiaj tus lossis ntse tom qab ntawv, vim tias daim ntawv dawb twb tau ua si lawm, vim nws twb dhau los ua qhov cuav. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau sau qhov xav tau kos npe ua ntej sau ntawv.

RULE #2. Txhua daim paib yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm tib tus pas ntsuas uas daim ntawv sau nws tus kheej. Qhov ntawd yog, lub cim yuav tsum nyob ib sab ntawm daim ntawv, nws zoo li tus neeg saib xyuas nws. Tab sis sharps thiab flats, uas yog sau nyob rau hauv tsis ncaj ncees lawm rulers los yog txawm ya nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm.

Qhov tseem ceeb thiab random sharps thiab flats

Ntses thiab flats, uas yog, cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv, muaj ob hom: KEY thiab RANDOM. Qhov txawv li cas? Ua ntej, hais txog random kos npe. Ntawm no txhua yam yuav tsum meej meej los ntawm lub npe. Random sawv daws yog cov uas tuaj hla hauv cov ntawv suab paj nruag los ntawm lub caij nyoog, zoo li nceb hauv hav zoov. Ib qho ntse ntse lossis tiaj tus tsuas yog ua si hauv qhov ntsuas suab paj nruag uas koj pom nws, thiab hauv qhov ntsuas tom ntej, daim ntawv dawb li niaj zaus raug ntaus.

Cov cim tseem ceeb yog cov sharps thiab flats uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb ntawm ib sab ntawm lub treble los yog bass clef. Cov paib zoo li no, yog tias muaj, muab tso rau (ceeb toom) ntawm txhua kab ntawv. Thiab lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb: tag nrho cov ntawv sau uas tau cim nrog cov ntse lossis cov tiaj tus ntawm tus yuam sij raug ntaus ua cov ntse lossis flats kom txog thaum kawg ntawm daim nkauj.

Piv txwv li, yog tias tom qab lub treble clef muaj ob daim ntawv ntse - FA thiab DO, ces qhov twg peb tuaj hla sau ntawv FA thiab DO, peb yuav ua si nrog ntse. Muaj tseeb, qee zaum cov ntse no tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev rov qab los, tab sis qhov no, raws li koj twb paub lawm, tsuas yog rau ib zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau ua si dua li ntse.

Los yog lwm qhov piv txwv. Tom qab cov ntses bass thaj tsam muaj plaub lub tiaj tus - SI, MI, LA thiab RE. Peb ua li cas? Yog lawm, qhov twg peb tuaj hla cov ntawv no, peb ua si lawv tiaj. Qhov ntawd yog txhua yam kev txawj ntse.

Kev txiav txim ntse thiab ncaj ncaj

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov cim tseem ceeb yeej tsis muab tso rau tom qab tus yuam sij ntawm random, tab sis ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim nruj. Txhua tus kws ntaus nkauj uas hwm tus kheej yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov lus txib no thiab paub txog lawv ib txwm. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sharps yog: FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm flats yog tib yam kev txiav txim ntawm sharps, tsuas yog topsy-turvy: SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA.

Ntawd yog, yog tias muaj peb lub ntsej muag nyob ib sab ntawm tus yuam sij, cov no yuav tsum yog FA, DO thiab SALT - thawj peb qhov kev txiav txim, yog tsib, ces FA, DO, SALT, RE thiab LA (tsib sharps nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, pib ntawm qhov pib). Yog tias tom qab tus yuam sij peb pom ob lub tiaj tus, ces cov no yuav yog SI thiab MI flats. Koj puas to taub txoj ntsiab cai?

Thiab tam sim no ib qho tseem ceeb dua. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov cim tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim tsis yog hauv qee qhov kev txiav txim, tab sis kuj tseem nyob ntawm tib tus thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv daim duab uas yuav nthuav tawm hauv qab no, koj yuav pom qhov tseeb txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub stave ntawm tag nrho xya sharps thiab xya flats nyob rau hauv lub treble thiab bass clef. Saib thiab cim, lossis zoo dua - rov sau nws ob peb zaug hauv koj phau ntawv suab paj nruag. Muab koj txhais tes, raws li lawv hais.

Kev tsim cov ntse thiab flats los ntawm tsab ntawv system

Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​​​tias muaj lub kaw lus ntawm cov ntawv sau suab. Raws li qhov system no, cov ntawv sau tau sau rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv Latin: C, D, E, F, G, A, H. Xya tsab ntawv sib raug rau xya daim ntawv DO RE MI FA SOL LA thiab SI. Tab sis txhawm rau xaiv cov ntawv hloov pauv, es tsis txhob siv cov lus ntse thiab tiaj tus, cov lus txuas ntxiv yog IS (ntse) thiab ES ( tiaj tus) ntxiv rau cov ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntxiv txog qhov no thiab cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cai muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Letter designation of notes".

Thiab tam sim no - kev ua suab paj nruag. Yuav kom nco ntsoov zoo dua qhov ntse, tiaj tus thiab bekar yog dab tsi thiab lawv lub zog yog dab tsi, ua ke nrog cov txiv neej los ntawm "Fidgets" pawg, kawm L. Abelian zaj nkauj los ntawm kev sau "Funny Solfeggio" txog cov cim no (saib video).