Tus pas ntsuas kub ntawm cov yuam sij yog tus pab rau lub tshuab raj!
txheem
Tus pas ntsuas kub tseem ceeb yog daim duab kos duab rau kev ua haujlwm nrog peb caug tus yuam sij suab paj nruag. Cov suab nrov tau muab faib ua ob pawg, ib qho - kub, kub, sib haum rau qhov ntsuas ntxiv ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub; lwm tus, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog txias, lawv tuaj yeem raug khi rau qhov ntsuas qis.
Cov yuam sij ntse yog suav tias yog kub, thiab qhov ntse dua nyob rau hauv tus yuam sij, qhov kub ntawm "kub" ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub, qhov siab dua cov kauj ruam nws nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas. Lawm, cov yuam sij qis qis yuav txias, thiab cov yuam sij tiaj tus dua, qhov "kub" yuav qis dua, thiab qhov qis dua koj yuav tsum nrhiav tus yuam sij ntawm qhov ntsuas.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub yog nyob thiab, raws li nws yog, sib haum mus rau "zero" ob tonalities tsis muaj cov cim (lawv muaj "zero" kos npe rau) - C loj thiab ib tug me me thaum uas tig mus rau nws. Txhua yam yog logical, ntuj thiab paub. Nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev, tag nrho cov tswv yim no zoo ib yam li lub voj voog ntawm fifths, tsuas yog qhib, uas cov ceg ntse thiab tiaj tiaj ncaj thiab khi rau ib kem.
Leej twg tsim lub suab ntsuas kub?
Tus pas ntsuas kub ntawm cov yuam sij tau tsim los ntawm tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus kws qhia ntawv Valery Davydovich Podvala. Nws qhov kev tsim muaj nyob rau hauv phau ntawv qhia rau menyuam yaus "Cia peb sau nkauj."
Nrog kev pab los ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub, tus kws sau ntawv qhia rau cov txiv neej uas tau pib kawm suab paj nruag txoj kev ceev tshaj plaws thiab paub tseeb kom nrhiav tau cov subdominants, dominants, ntsig txog cov yuam sij, thiab ntau lwm yam. Cov kws ntaus nkauj yeej nyiam tus pas ntsuas kub ntawm cov yuam sij, thiab ntau tus neeg tau kawm txog nws.
Ntawm cov yeeb yuj tus pas ntsuas kub ntawm V. Podvaly, peb pom tias cov yuam sij tseem ceeb tuav cov xim liab ib nrab ntawm cov nplai, thiab cov yuam sij me nyob hauv xiav ib nrab. Hauv nruab nrab yog cov yuam sij ntawm C loj thiab A me, saum lawv yog tag nrho cov nplais ntse, thiab hauv qab lawv yog cov tiaj tus. Cov lej qhia tias muaj pes tsawg tus cim nyob hauv ib qho tseem ceeb.
Txhawm rau sau cov cim kom raug, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntse (fa, ua, sol, re, la, mi, si) thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm flats (si, mi, la, re, sol, ua, fa), txij li tus pas ntsuas kub tsuas yog qhia tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntse thiab cov tiaj tus, tab sis tsis npe rau lawv. Peb tus kheej yuav tsum xaiv qhov yog.
Txhim kho lub suab ntsuas kub
Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm peep ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub tsis yog tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntse ntse thiab cov tiaj tus hauv ib qho ntawm cov yuam sij, tab sis kuj pom cov cim zoo li cas, peb tau txiav txim siab ua thiab nthuav qhia rau koj cov qauv txhim kho.
Hauv daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom tus pas ntsuas kub nrog lub ntsuas ob npaug. Sab xis qhia cov naj npawb ntawm cov cim hauv ib qho tseem ceeb. Nyob rau sab laug yog sau: nce qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sharps (FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI), thiab down – qhov kev txiav txim ntawm flats (SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA).
Yuav kom lub npe ntawm cov cim ntawm tonality, peb pom nws ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub, saib tus naj npawb ntawm cov paib, thiab tom qab ntawd nce lossis poob los ntawm xoom raws li cov nplais sab laug, naming tag nrho cov paib kom txog rau thaum peb tau txais kev xaiv tonality. Ib tug ntse los yog tiaj tus, uas yog teem opposite tus yuam sij xav tau, yuav yog kawg nyob rau hauv nws.
Piv txwv, tus peb xav paub muaj pes tsawg tus cim nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm B loj. Peb pom nws ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub - nws yog ntawm cov tshuab ntse, nws muaj 5 tus ntse, uas yog (los ntawm "zero"): fa, do, sol, re thiab la.
Lwm qhov piv txwv – cia peb xam nws tawm nrog tus yuam sij ntawm D-flat loj. Nws yog sau rau ntawm "frosty", sab tiaj tus, muaj tsib lub cim ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub, uas yog (peb nqis los ntawm "zero"): si, mi, la, re thiab ntsev.
Hauv qab no peb yuav nthuav qhia koj lwm tus qauv ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub - nrog cov ntawv cim rau tonalities. Koj tuaj yeem siv ib qho uas koj nyiam tshaj hauv koj qhov kev kawm. Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm ob lub ntsuas kub rau luam ntawv NTAWM NO.
Yuav ua li cas lwm tus koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab ntsuas suab nrov?
Raws li koj paub, koj tuaj yeem nco qab cov cim tseem ceeb hauv cov yuam sij yam tsis muaj lub ntsuas kub, piv txwv li, raws li "cov cai tseem ceeb". "Txoj cai loj" peb nyob ntawm no hu ua cov cai kom nrhiav tau cov cim hauv cov yuam sij loj. Peb nco koj txog lawv:
- nyob rau hauv cov yuam sij ntse, qhov kawg ntse yog ib kauj ruam qis dua cov tonic;
- nyob rau hauv cov yuam sij tiaj tus, lub tonic yog muab zais tom qab lub tiaj tus kawg (uas yog, nws yog sib npaug rau lub penultimate ca).
Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov tonalities nco ntsoov nrog lub sij hawm thiab txawm sai heev, yog li ntawd qhov yuav tsum tau mus peep qhov chaw tsuas yog ploj mus. Yog li cas koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab ntsuas suab nrov?
Ua ntej, tus Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los saib qhov sib txawv ntawm cov paib ntawm nws. Peb coj ob lub tonalities, xam pes tsawg degrees lawv txawv, thiab tau txais cov lus teb. Piv txwv li, cov yuam sij ntawm D loj thiab F loj sib txawv los ntawm peb lub cim. Thiab cov yuam sij C-flat loj thiab C-ntse loj - los ntawm 14 cim.
Thib ob, tus siv lub ntsuas kub, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim pom cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb - lub subdominant (qhov no yog lub npe ntawm qib IV hauv kev sib raug zoo) thiab qhov tseem ceeb (qhov no yog lub npe ntawm qib thib tsib). Qhov tseem ceeb yuav yog ib qho degree siab dua los ntawm tonic, thiab lub subdominant ib degree qis dua. Piv txwv li: rau C loj (tonic C), qhov tseem ceeb yuav yog lub suab "G" thiab tus yuam sij tseem ceeb yuav yog G loj, thiab lub subdominant yuav yog suab "F", qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav yog F loj.
peb, Tus pas ntsuas kub tso cai rau koj kom pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tonalities. Tsuas muaj rau tus yuam sij ntawm thawj qib kev sib raug zoo (peb yuav tham txog qhov no kom meej me ntsis tom qab), thiab tsib ntawm lawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas yuav luag tam sim ntawd! Yuav ua li cas? Ib qho kev sib txuas lus yog nyob rau tib theem ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub raws li qhov uas peb tab tom nrhiav rau "cov txheeb ze", ob qho ntxiv yog qib siab dua, thiab ob qho ntxiv yog qib qis dua. Nws tsis yooj yim los nrhiav qhov thib rau "tseeb" tonality ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub (peb yuav qhia koj qhov no tom qab).
Piv txwv, tus nrhiav tsib tus yuam sij rau E minor. Cov no yuav yog: G loj (ntawm tib theem "kub"), D loj thiab B me (ib degree siab dua), C loj thiab A me (ib degree qis dua). Tus yuam sij thib rau yuav yog B loj (yuav ua li cas tshawb nrhiav thaum peb tsis hais).
Los yog lwm qhov piv txwv: cia saib rau qhov ze tshaj plaws "cov txheeb ze" rau E-flat loj. Cov no yuav yog: C me (hauv tib lub xovtooj), B-flat loj thiab G me (saum toj), nrog rau A-flat loj thiab F me (hauv qab). Qhov thib rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog A-flat minor (ib yam dab tsi tau mus qhov twg).
Yog li, daim ntawv thov ntawm peb tus pas ntsuas kub tuaj yeem yog qhov dav heev. Yog tias koj paub txog lwm txoj hauv kev los ua haujlwm nrog cov tswv yim zoo li no, thov sau txog nws hauv cov lus rau kab lus no. Thiab tseem nug koj cov lus nug yog tias koj muaj.
Tam sim no cia peb so suab paj nruag. Peb caw koj los mloog cov suab paj nruag zoo ntawm Ludwig van Beethoven. Koj yuav hnov ib tug sonata rau violin thiab piano No. 5 hu ua "Spring"
Beethoven - Sonata No. 5 "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" rau violin thiab piano
