Microchromatic

Dab tsi nthuav feature tau tshwm sim hauv suab paj nruag txij thaum tim Nkij teb chaws thaum ub, tab sis tsis paub rau txhua tus?

Microchromatic  yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm suab paj nruag. Nws tau sau npe thiab piav qhia los ntawm tus kws ntaus nkauj Lavxias teb sab theoretical thiab tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag Yuri Kholopov. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm microchromatics yog qhov microinterval, uas yog, lub caij nyoog, qhov loj ntawm qhov tsawg dua li semitone. Yog li, muaj microintervals quarter-tone, tretetone, rau-tone, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv yog cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov ntawm lub suab kaw lus. Tsuas yog tam sim no, lub pob ntseg uas tsis tau kawm yog xyaum tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv, yog li nws perceives lawv li kev hloov pauv tsis tseeb lossis tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov qauv ntawm hom.

Microinterval: ib kauj ruam tsis yooj yim ntawm qhov ntsuas

Interestingly, microintervals tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab tuaj yeem sawv cev ua tus lej. Thiab yog hais tias peb tham txog qhov siab qhov tseeb ntawm microchromatics, ces nws cov ntsiab lus, xws li diatonic thiab chromatic intervals, ua ib tug tag nrho-fledged kev kawm ntawm kev sib haum xeeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev sau ntawv dav dav tseem tsis tau tsim rau microintervals txog niaj hnub no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg sau ntawv tseem sim sau cov suab paj nruag tsim siv microchromatic ntawm tsib kab stave. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas micro-intervals tau piav qhia tsis yog cov kauj ruam ywj pheej, tab sis raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm microtonal, uas tuaj yeem piav qhia tau yooj yim dua los yog txo qis.

Ib me ntsis ntawm keeb kwm

Nws paub tias microchromatic intervals tau siv nyob rau hauv ancient Greek suab paj nruag. Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag treatises ntawm Ptolemy thiab Nicomachus thaum pib ntawm lub hnub qub ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws, lawv cov lus piav qhia tsis yog rau kev nkag siab, tab sis raws li ib tug khoom plig rau kev lig kev cai, tsis muaj implying siv tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, lub caij nyoog nruab nrab yog qhov yooj yim dua, txawm hais tias qee tus theorists tau piav qhia cov suab paj nruag raws li cov lus Greek thaum ub.

Hauv kev xyaum, micro-chromatics tau pib siv dua thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance, tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj xws li John Hotby, Marchetto ntawm Padua thiab Nicola Vicentino. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub hwj chim hauv European suab paj nruag science tsis tseem ceeb. Kuj tseem muaj lwm qhov kev sim ib zaug nrog microintervals. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Guillaume Cotelet "Seigneur Dieu ta pitié", sau nyob rau hauv 1558 thiab ua kom pom qhov muaj peev xwm loj heev ntawm microchromatics.

Ib qho txiaj ntsig loj rau kev txhim kho microchromatics yog tsim los ntawm Italian kws sau ntawv Ascanio Maione, uas, ua haujlwm los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Fabio Colonna, tau sau ntau qhov kev ua si zoo. Cov haujlwm no, luam tawm xyoo 1618 hauv Naples, yuav tsum ua kom pom lub peev xwm ntawm Lynche sambuca keyboard ntsuas, uas Colonna tab tom tsim.

Microchromatics nyob rau hauv lub 20th - thaum ntxov 21st centuries

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, microchromatics aroused lub paj ntawm ntau musicians thiab composers. Ntawm lawv yog A. Lurie, A. Ogolevets, A. Khaba, A. Fokker, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias Arseniy Avraamov, thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm, tau tswj hwm los ua ke cov suab paj nruag microchromatic thiab hluav taws xob hauv kev xyaum. Txoj kev xav tshiab hu ua ultrachromatic.

Tab sis ib tug ntawm cov nquag microchromatists yog Ivan Vyshnegradsky. Nws cov txuj ci belongs rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub piano duet ib hom ntawv nyeem, thaum ib tug ntaus ntawv suab ib lub quarter suab qis dua lwm yam. Czech composer A. Haba kuj nquag siv txoj kev xav ntawm microchromatics. Nyob rau hauv 1931, nws tsim lub ntiaj teb nto moo opera "Niam", uas yog ib tug tag nrho lub quarter-tone.

Nyob rau xyoo 1950, tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab E. Murzin tau tsim lub ANS optoelectronic synthesizer uas txhua octave tau muab faib ua 72 (!) Sib npaug microintervals. Ib xyoo caum tom qab, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo kawg no tau tshawb fawb los ntawm A. Volokonsky, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, S. Kreichi thiab lwm tus. E. Artemyev pom kev siv rau nws - nws yog nws uas tau sau cov suab paj nruag "chaw" suab paj nruag rau lub ntiaj teb nto moo zaj duab xis Solaris.

Cov suab paj nruag tshiab tshaj plaws siv microchromatics nquag heev. Tab sis tsuas yog ob peb tus kws sau ntawv siv txoj kev xav ntawm microintervals hauv kev xyaum - cov no yog M. Levinas, T. Murai, R. Mazhulis, Br. Ferneyhoy, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj yog qhov nthuav tias nrog kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev ua si tshiab thiab kev txhawb siab ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag thaum ub, qhov ze tshaj plaws yog ib txwm them rau microchromatics.

tau

Tam sim no koj paub txog microchromatics - nws yog dab tsi, thaum nws tshwm sim thiab yuav ua li cas nws "muaj sia nyob" hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag.