Hmong folk music: tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev lig kev cai

Lus Askiv pej xeem suab paj nruag raws li ib feem ntawm lus Askiv lus dab neeg tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm keeb kwm txheej xwm ntawm txawv eras, kab lis kev cai kab lis kev cai thiab aesthetic nyiam ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm tej cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws.

Cov lus dab neeg Askiv muaj nws cov hauv paus hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg los ntawm cov haiv neeg Askiv tau tsim - Angles, Saxons, Jutes, nrog rau cov pab pawg Celtic thiab Germanic. Qhov ze ze rau Ireland, Wales, thiab Scotland tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam txog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev xav thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov cim ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov teb chaws nrog cov pej xeem Askiv.

Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov cim ntawm lus Askiv lus dab neeg

Dab tsi thiab leej twg hu nkauj txog hauv cov nkauj pej xeem ntawm Askiv? Cia peb sau ob peb daim duab tseem ceeb:

• Ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm Askiv epic yog King Arthur - tus thawj coj legendary ntawm Britons nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov conquerors. Tsis muaj pov thawj tsis lees paub ntawm nws keeb kwm muaj nyob, tab sis ntau cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg hais txog nws thiab nws cov tub rog siab tawv ntawm lub rooj sib tham tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lus Askiv lus dab neeg.
• Lwm tus hero ntawm lus Askiv ballads thiab legends, qhov tseeb ntawm nws lub neej tseem muaj teeb meem, yog Robin Hood - tus thawj coj nto moo ntawm cov tub sab uas nyiag cov neeg nplua nuj hauv Sherwood Forest thiab muab nyiaj nyiag los rau cov neeg pluag thiab cov neeg txom nyem.
• Tsis tas li ntawd, lus Askiv lus dab neeg, nrog rau Scottish, muaj ntau yam txawv txawv fairy taleas cim - dab, dab, dab, brownies, zaj thiab lwm yam mythological creatures. Cov tom kawg muaj xws li elves, trolls, cannibals, witches.

Yog li, lus dab neeg, raws li txoj cai, illuminates lub heroism ntawm kev ywj pheej tawm tsam los yog romantic dluab ntawm noble tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom, thiab tseem reproduces ib co pagan kev ntseeg thiab legends ntawm pre-Christian lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm England.

Cov nkauj ntawm Askiv pej xeem suab paj nruag thiab lawv cov nta

Chronologically, kev sib cais ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag ntawm Askiv raws li ib tug cais kab lis kev cai txheej coincides nrog lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov Islands tuaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX AD. e. Txij li thaum tsis muaj kev kaw suab paj nruag nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, peb muaj lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nkauj Askiv thaum ntxov. Tom qab ntawd, raws li cov nkauj Askiv ib txwm muaj, xws li carol, jig, shanti, hornpipe tau tsim.

Carol tam sim no txuam nrog Christmas nkauj, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb qhov ntau ntawm hom no yog dav dua: nws tuaj yeem yog kev sib xyaw ntawm kev ntseeg thiab sab ntsuj plig, lossis hu ua paraliturgical chants, uas siv cov dab neeg hauv phau npaiv npaum thiab cov ntawv tsis yog canonical nrog kev qhuas ntawm Yexus Khetos. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam dej haus, lullaby, menyuam yaus zaj nkauj hauv hom carol.

Ib qho ntawm cov nkauj nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag Askiv yog ballad. Nyob rau lub sijhawm keeb kwm sib txawv, ballads hu nkauj ntawm lub teb chaws tus phab ej (Piv txwv li King Arthur lossis Robin Hood, piv txwv li) thiab muaj cov lus piav qhia hauv qhov kev xav romantic. Lub ballad, zoo li lub carol, yog thawj zaug ua ke nrog kev seev cev ib puag ncig (round-dance) thiab tsuas yog tom qab spun tawm raws li ib hom nkauj ywj siab.

Hiav txwv chant nkauj Thaum xub thawj, lawv muaj ob lub hom phiaj: los tswj cov kev txav ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj thaum lawv ua haujlwm hauv nkoj thiab ua kom pom kev zoo nkauj thiab kev lom zem tom qab ua haujlwm hnyav. Cov nkauj ntawm hom no yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm qee cov lus, thaum lub sij hawm cov neeg tsav nkoj tau ua ib qho kev sib koom ua ke (xws li hlua ntawm txoj hlua, piv txwv).

"Green sleeves" los yog "Green sleeves" - ib qho ntawm cov nkauj Askiv nrov tshaj plaws uas tau nqis los rau peb los ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Lub suab paj nruag mysterious thiab bewitching plunges tus mloog mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub siab tawv knights thiab zoo nkauj poj niam. Kev sau zaj nkauj yog qee zaum muab rau King Henry VIII, uas tau liam tias tau mob siab rau nws tus hlub Anne Boleyn. Cia peb mloog thiab nco txog zaj nkauj no.

Kev seev cev ntawm cov suab paj nruag Askiv pej xeem thiab lawv cov nta

Nws lub npe yog lus Askiv vernacular jig seev qiv los ntawm ib lub violin me me, uas tau ua suab paj nruag nrog kev seev cev. Lub jig ceev hauv qhov loj ntawm 12/8 yog ua, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm cov txiv neej lined nyob rau hauv ib kab, cim lub fortress phab ntsa. Ib tug poj niam ntau version ntawm kev seev cev yog ua nyob rau hauv 9/8 lub sij hawm thiab siv cov mos mos, elastic khau. Cov txheej txheem jig muaj ntau dhia, pirouettes, thiab slides ua nyob rau hauv txawv rhythms nyob ntawm seb hom kev seev cev.

Lwm haiv neeg Askiv seev cev - cev horn muaj npe tom qab lwm lub suab paj nruag - Scottish cua thiab muaj ntau yam, ntawm cov uas nto moo tshaj plaws yog Rickets Hornpipe thiab Cov Poj Niam Hornpipe. Nws yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau yam rhythmic qauv thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm swaying taw ntawm pob taws. Pib ua tsuas yog los ntawm cov txiv neej, hnub no nws kuj muaj rau cov poj niam.

Dance Morris (los yog seev cev nrog ntaj) kuj yog thawj zaug ua los ntawm cov txiv neej thiab yog ib hom kev txiav txim siab rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Tsib Hlis Ntuj. Historians ntseeg hais tias tus seev cev muaj pagan keeb kwm thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ancient rituals. Nws yog ua mus rau suab paj nruag nrog bagpipes thiab nruas. Ntau tus neeg Askiv tseem ntseeg tias Morris seev cev ua rau muaj hmoo zoo rau cov neeg tuaj saib thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam.

Hmong folk musical instruments

Lub sijhawm keeb kwm sib txawv tau txhawb nqa cov khoom siv hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Askiv pej xeem suab paj nruag nrog cov qauv uas ua rau lub suab txawv txawv thiab qub.

Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub lute, ib tug hlua plucked ntsuas uas tuaj rau hauv lus Askiv lus dab neeg xav tias yog los ntawm Arabian kab lis kev cai. Thaum xub thawj, lub lute muaj 4-5 txoj hlua, nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub version lub twj paj nruag muaj txog li 35 txoj hlua, thiab yog li ntawd nws cov duab kuj tau hloov me ntsis.

Lwm cov khoom siv suab paj nruag hauv tebchaws Askiv yog lub npe hu ua hammered dulcimer (los yog cymbals) - ib qho cuab yeej siv hlua khi rau ntawm ib qho chaw sawv ntsug ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas siv cov hammers tshwj xeeb los tawm suab.

Feem ntau, thaum ua yeeb yam lus Askiv, harpsichord, trumpet, tambourine, shawm (ib hom oboe), hurdy gurdy (los yog hurdy gurdy), violin thiab bagpipes yog siv.

Hmong folk music hnub no

Ib qho kev pabcuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lus Askiv cov lus dab neeg thiab kev khaws cia ntawm kab lis kev cai tau tsim los ntawm Cecil James Sharp (1859-1924). Tus kws qhia lus Askiv thiab kws kho suab paj nruag no tau tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm ntau pawg neeg haiv neeg thiab tau sau ib qho tshwj xeeb ntau ntim sau ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj thiab ballads. Sharpe cov thwjtim txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm. Niaj hnub no, kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lus Askiv pej xeem suab paj nruag yog khaws cia los ntawm pej xeem festivals, nrog rau kev nkag mus ntawm pej xeem motifs mus rau niaj hnub suab paj nruag.

Tus sau - Igor Svetlichenko