Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev |
Sergey Tanev
Taneyev yog tus zoo thiab ci ntsa iab hauv nws tus cwj pwm coj ncaj ncees thiab nws tus cwj pwm dawb huv tshwj xeeb rau kev kos duab. L. Sabaneev
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag ntawm lub lem ntawm lub xyoo pua, S. Taneyev occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Ib tug zoo nkauj suab paj nruag thiab pej xeem daim duab, xib fwb, pianist, thawj lub suab paj nruag loj nyob rau hauv Russia, ib tug txiv neej uas tsis tshua muaj kev ncaj ncees virtues, Taneyev yog ib tug lees paub txoj cai nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua lub neej ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej, kev sau, tsis pom qhov tseeb tam sim ntawd. Yog vim li cas tsis yog Taneyev yog ib tug radical innovator, noticeably ua ntej ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntau ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag tau pom los ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav raws li cov khoom qub, raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm "kev kawm txuj ci", kev ua haujlwm qhuav. Taneyev qhov kev txaus siab rau cov thawj coj qub, hauv JS Bach, WA Mozart, zoo li coj txawv txawv thiab tsis muaj sijhawm, nws xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws txoj kev ua raws li cov qauv qub thiab ntau yam. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ua qhov kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Taneyev tuaj, uas tab tom nrhiav kev txhawb nqa rau Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub-European cuab yeej cuab tam, sib zog ua kom dav dav ntawm cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim.
Ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov qub tsev neeg ntawm Taneyevs, muaj suab paj nruag khoom plig lovers - xws li Ivan Ilyich, leej txiv ntawm yav tom ntej composer. Tus me nyuam tub lub peev xwm thaum ntxov tau txais kev txhawb nqa hauv tsev neeg, thiab xyoo 1866 nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus tshiab qhib Moscow Conservatory. Nyob rau hauv nws cov phab ntsa, Taneyev los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm P. Tchaikovsky thiab N. Rubinshtein, ob tug loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruas Russia. Kev kawm tiav ci ntsa iab los ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom hauv xyoo 1875 (Taneyev yog thawj zaug hauv nws keeb kwm tau txais txiaj ntsig Grand Gold Medal) qhib rau kev cia siab rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj. Qhov no yog ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam, thiab kev qhia, thiab kev ua haujlwm tob tob. Tab sis thawj zaug Taneyev ua kev mus txawv tebchaws.
Nyob hauv Paris, kev sib cuag nrog European kab lis kev cai ib puag ncig muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam uas muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum xyoo. Taneyev tau lees paub qhov kev ntsuam xyuas hnyav ntawm qhov nws tau ua tiav hauv nws lub tebchaws thiab los txog rau qhov xaus tias nws txoj kev kawm, suab paj nruag thiab kev siv tib neeg, tsis txaus. Tom qab tau piav qhia txog txoj kev npaj ua tiav, nws pib ua haujlwm hnyav rau kev nthuav dav nws lub qab ntug. Txoj haujlwm no txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, ua tsaug uas Taneyev muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo nrog cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm.
Tib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog qhov tshwm sim hauv Taneyev txoj haujlwm ua ke. Nws xav xyaum ua tswv cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm European suab paj nruag kev lig kev cai, rov xav txog nws ntawm nws haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab av. Feem ntau, raws li cov tub ntxhais hluas composer ntseeg, Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag tsis muaj keeb kwm rootedness, nws yuav tsum assimilate cov kev paub ntawm classical European cov ntaub ntawv - feem ntau polyphonic sawv daws yuav. Ib tug thwj tim thiab cov thwjtim ntawm Tchaikovsky, Taneyev pom nws tus kheej txoj kev, synthesizing romantic lyricism thiab classicist austerity ntawm kev qhia. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no tseem ceeb heev rau Taneyev's style, pib los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv qhov kev paub dhau los. Thawj lub ncov ntawm no yog ib qho ntawm nws cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws - cantata "John ntawm Damascus" (1884), uas cim qhov pib ntawm lub secular version ntawm hom ntawv no hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag.
Cov suab paj nruag choral yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Taneyev cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Tus kws sau ntawv nkag siab txog hom suab paj nruag raws li ib qho chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, epic, xav txog kev xav. Li no tus loj stroke, lub monumentality ntawm nws choral compositions. Kev xaiv cov kws sau paj huam kuj yog ntuj: F. Tyutchev, Ya. Polonsky, K. Balmont, nyob rau hauv uas nws verses Taneyev qhia txog cov dluab ntawm spontaneity, lub grandeur ntawm daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Thiab muaj qee yam cim nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias Taneyev txoj kev muaj tswv yim yog framed los ntawm ob cantatas - lub lyrically heartfelt "John ntawm Damascus" raws li paj huam los ntawm AK Tolstoy thiab lub monumental fresco "Tom qab nyeem cov nkauj" ntawm st. A. Khomyakov, qhov kawg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer.
Oratorio kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv Taneyev qhov kev tsim loj tshaj plaws - opera trilogy "Oresteia" (raws li Aeschylus, 1894). Nyob rau hauv nws tus cwj pwm rau opera, Taneyev zoo li mus tawm tsam tam sim no: txawm tias tag nrho cov undoubted kev twb kev txuas nrog lub Lavxias teb sab epic kev lig kev cai (Ruslan thiab Lyudmila los ntawm M. Glinka, Judith los ntawm A. Serov), Oresteia yog sab nraum lub coj tiam sis ntawm lub opera ua yeeb yam. ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Taneyev xav nyob rau hauv tus neeg raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub universal, nyob rau hauv ancient Greece kev txom nyem nws tab tom nrhiav rau dab tsi nws tab tom nrhiav rau hauv kev kos duab feem ntau - nyob mus ib txhis thiab zoo tagnrho, lub tswv yim coj ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv classical zoo kawg nkaus incarnation. Qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm kev ua txhaum cai yog tawm tsam los ntawm qhov laj thawj thiab lub teeb - lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab classic yog rov hais dua hauv Oresteia.
Lub Symphony nyob rau hauv C me, ib qho ntawm cov pinnacles ntawm Lavxias teb sab instrumental music, yog tib lub ntsiab lus. Taneyev ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub symphony ib tug tiag tiag synthesis ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab European, feem ntau Beethoven kev lig kev cai. Lub tswv yim ntawm symphony lees paub qhov yeej ntawm kev sib haum xeeb meej pib, uas qhov kev ua yeeb yam hnyav ntawm 1st txav tau daws. Lub cyclic plaub feem qauv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib tug neeg qhov chaw yog raws li nyob rau hauv classical qauv, txhais nyob rau hauv ib tug heev peculiar txoj kev. Yog li, lub tswv yim ntawm intonational kev sib sau yog hloov los ntawm Taneyev mus rau hauv ib txoj kev ntawm branched leitmotif kev twb kev txuas, muab ib tug tshwj xeeb coherence ntawm cyclic txoj kev loj hlob. Hauv qhov no, ib tus tuaj yeem hnov qhov kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev nyiam romantic, kev paub ntawm F. Liszt thiab R. Wagner, tau txhais, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab classic.
Taneyev qhov kev pab cuam rau lub teb ntawm chamber instrumental suab paj nruag yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Lavxias teb sab chamber pawg tshuav nws txoj kev vam meej, uas feem ntau txiav txim siab ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub Soviet era nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm N. Myaskovsky, D. Shostakovich, V. Shebalin. Taneyev lub peev xwm zoo sib xws rau cov qauv ntawm chamber suab paj nruag-ua, uas, raws li B. Asafiev, "muaj nws tus kheej tsis ncaj ncees lawm hauv cov ntsiab lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm sublime txawj ntse, nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev xav thiab xav txog." Kev xaiv nruj, kev lag luam ntawm kev nthuav qhia, kev sau ntawv polished, tsim nyog nyob rau hauv chav tsev ib hom ntawv, yeej ib txwm yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau Taneyev. Polyphony, organic rau tus composer lub style, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv nws cov hlua quartets, nyob rau hauv ensembles nrog kev koom tes ntawm lub piano - Trio, Quartet thiab Quintet, yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws creation ntawm tus composer. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog melodic nplua nuj ntawm cov pawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv qhov qeeb qeeb, qhov yooj thiab dav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thematics, ze rau cov ntaub ntawv dawb, kua dej ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj.
Kev sib txawv melodic yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Taneyev txoj kev sib hlub, ntau yam uas tau txais txiaj ntsig dav. Ob qho tib si lyrical thiab pictorial, narrative-ballad hom romance yog sib npaug zos rau tus composer tus kheej. Demandingly xa mus rau daim duab ntawm cov ntawv sau paj huam, Taneyev suav hais tias lo lus yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kos duab ntawm tag nrho. Nws yog noteworthy tias nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj hu romances "poems rau lub suab thiab piano".
Kev txawj ntse siab nyob hauv Taneyev qhov xwm txheej tau tshaj tawm ncaj qha hauv nws cov haujlwm ua suab paj nruag, nrog rau nws txoj haujlwm dav dav, tiag tiag pedagogical pedagogical. Taneyev qhov kev txaus siab tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim los ntawm nws cov tswv yim sau. Yog li, raws li B. Yavorsky, nws "muaj kev txaus siab rau cov tswv xws li Bach, Mozart, Beethoven ua tiav lawv cov txheej txheem." Thiab nws yog qhov tseeb tias Taneyev txoj kev tshawb fawb loj tshaj plaws "Mobile counterpoint ntawm kev sau ntawv nruj" tau mob siab rau polyphony.
Taneyev yog ib tug xib fwb yug. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, vim nws tau tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev muaj tswv yim zoo heev thiab muaj peev xwm qhia tau lwm tus yam nws tus kheej tau kawm. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tsis yog tus kheej style, tab sis qhov dav, universal cov ntsiab cai ntawm suab paj nruag muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tias yog vim li cas cov duab muaj tswv yim ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas dhau los ntawm Taneyev cov chav kawm txawv heev. S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, N. Medtner, Ib. Alexandrov, S. Vasilenko, R. Glier, A. Grechaninov, S. Lyapunov, Z. Paliashvili, A. Stanchinsky thiab ntau lwm tus - Taneyev muaj peev xwm muab lawv txhua tus ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas tus kheej ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv vam meej.
Muaj ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Taneyev, uas tau cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua hauv xyoo 1915, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev kos duab Lavxias. Raws li Asafiev, "Taneyev ... yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag, lo lus kawg uas tsis tau hais ..."
S. Savenko
Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev yog tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tig ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX thiab XNUMXth. Tub ntxhais kawm ntawm NG Rubinstein thiab Tchaikovsky, xib fwb ntawm Scriabin, Rachmaninov, Medtner. Ua ke nrog Tchaikovsky, nws yog lub taub hau ntawm Moscow composer tsev kawm ntawv. Nws qhov chaw keeb kwm yog piv rau qhov uas Glazunov nyob hauv St. Nyob rau hauv no tiam ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, ob lub npe hu ua composers pib qhia ib tug convergence ntawm lub tswv yim nta ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias teb sab tshiab thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Anton Rubinstein - Tchaikovsky; rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Glazunov thiab Taneyev, cov txheej txheem no tseem yuav nce siab heev.
Taneyev lub neej muaj tswv yim yog khaus thiab ntau yam. Kev ua ub no ntawm Taneyev, kws tshawb fawb, pianist, xib fwb, yog inextricably txuas nrog ua hauj lwm ntawm Taneyev, ib tug composer. Kev sib cuam tshuam, ua pov thawj rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev xav suab paj nruag, tuaj yeem taug qab, piv txwv li, hauv Taneyev tus cwj pwm rau polyphony: hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai, nws ua ob qho tib si ua tus sau cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab "Mobile counterpoint of nruj sau ntawv" thiab "Kev qhia. hais txog lub canon ", thiab raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv ntawm counterpoint cov kev kawm tsim los ntawm nws thiab fugues ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory, thiab raws li tus creator ntawm suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm, nrog rau cov piano, nyob rau hauv uas polyphony yog ib tug haib txhais tau tias ntawm tus yam ntxwv thiab shaping.
Taneyev yog ib tug pianists zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv nws repertoire, enlightening cwj pwm tau qhia meej meej: qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm virtuoso daim ntawm lub salon (uas yog tsis tshua muaj txawm nyob rau hauv lub 70s thiab 80s), kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm tej hauj lwm uas tsis tshua hnov los yog ua si thawj zaug ( tshwj xeeb, ua haujlwm tshiab los ntawm Tchaikovsky thiab Arensky). Nws yog ib tug zoo ensemble neeg uas ua ntawv, ua si nrog LS Auer, G. Venyavsky, AV Verzhbilovich, lub Czech Quartet, ua piano qhov chaw nyob rau hauv chamber compositions los ntawm Beethoven, Tchaikovsky thiab nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm piano pedagogy, Taneyev yog tam sim ntawd successor thiab successor ntawm NG Rubinshtein. Taneyev lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm lub Moscow pianistic tsev kawm ntawv tsis txwv rau kev qhia piano nyob rau hauv lub conservatory. Zoo heev yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Taneyev lub pianism ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv uas tau kawm hauv nws cov chav kawm theoretical, ntawm piano repertoire lawv tsim.
Taneyev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev kawm ua haujlwm Lavxias. Hauv kev ua suab paj nruag txoj kev xav, nws cov dej num tau ua nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab lus qhia: qhia cov chav kawm compulsory thiab qhia cov kws sau nkauj hauv cov chav kawm suab paj nruag. Nws txuas ncaj qha rau kev txawj ntse ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, polyphony, instrumentation, chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau kev paub txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg. Mastery "tau txais rau nws tus nqi uas dhau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev siv tes ua thiab kev ua haujlwm ... thiab muaj, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv siv tau ntawm yuav ua li cas los tsim thiab tsim suab paj nruag, kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag raws li kev xav," BV Asafiev tau sib cav. Ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub conservatory nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 80s, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no xyoo ib tug active daim duab nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruas kev kawm, Taneyev yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhawj xeeb txog theem ntawm suab paj nruas thiab theoretical kev cob qhia ntawm cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag-performers, hais txog kev ywj pheej ntawm lub neej. lub conservatory. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov organizers thiab active koom nyob rau hauv cov neeg Conservatory, ntau lub voj voog kev kawm, lub zej zog science "Musical thiab Theoretical Library".
Taneyev tau them nyiaj ntau rau kev kawm ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag creativity. Nws kaw thiab ua tiav txog peb caug Ukrainian nkauj, ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1885, nws tau mus rau North Caucasus thiab Svaneti, qhov chaw nws kaw cov nkauj thiab cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg ntawm North Caucasus. Tsab xov xwm "Nyob rau hauv lub Suab paj nruag ntawm lub roob Tatars", sau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus kheej kev soj ntsuam, yog thawj historic thiab theoretical txoj kev kawm ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub Caucasus. Taneyev nquag koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow Musical thiab Ethnographic Commission, luam tawm hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm nws cov haujlwm.
Taneyev's biography tsis yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej - tsis yog kev sib tw ntawm txoj hmoo uas hloov lub neej sai sai, lossis "kev sib hlub" xwm txheej. Ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow Conservatory ntawm thawj zaug, nws tau koom nrog nws lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj rau yuav luag plaub lub xyoos dhau los thiab tau tso nws cov phab ntsa hauv xyoo 1905, koom nrog nws cov npoj yaig St. Petersburg thiab cov phooj ywg - Rimsky-Korsakov thiab Glazunov. Taneyev cov dej num tau tshwm sim yuav luag tshwj xeeb hauv Russia. Tam sim ntawd tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom hauv xyoo 1875, nws tau mus ncig nrog NG Rubinstein mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Ltalis; nws nyob hauv Paris ntev heev nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 70s thiab nyob rau hauv 1880, tab sis tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub 1900s, nws tsuas mus rau lub sij hawm luv luv rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Czech koom pheej koom nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm nws compositions. Nyob rau hauv 1913, Sergei Ivanovich mus xyuas Salzburg, qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub Mozart archive.
SI Taneev yog ib tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Cov yam ntxwv rau Lavxias teb sab composers ntawm lub quarter kawg ntawm ib puas xyoo, lub expansion ntawm lub intonational lub hauv paus ntawm creativity nyob rau hauv Taneyev yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug sib sib zog nqus, kev txawj ntse ntawm cov suab paj nruas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txawv eras, kev txawj ntse tau txais los ntawm nws feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub conservatory, thiab ces raws li ib tug sib sib zog nqus. ib tug mloog ntawm concerts nyob rau hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg, Paris. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Taneyev lub auditory kev paub yog pedagogical ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub conservatory, lub "pedagogical" txoj kev xav raws li lub assimilation ntawm yav dhau los sau los ntawm artistic kev. Thaum lub sij hawm, Taneyev pib tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev qiv ntawv (tam sim no khaws cia nyob rau hauv Moscow Conservatory), thiab nws acquaintance nrog suab paj nruag ntaub ntawv tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntxiv: nrog rau kev ua si, "qhov muag" nyeem ntawv. Taneyev qhov kev paub thiab kev xav tsis yog tsuas yog qhov kev paub ntawm cov neeg mloog ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj, tab sis kuj yog ib tus neeg tsis paub "nyeem ntawv" suab paj nruag. Tag nrho cov no tau tshwm sim hauv kev tsim ntawm style.
Thawj cov xwm txheej ntawm Taneyev lub suab paj nruag biography yog peculiar. Tsis zoo li yuav luag tag nrho Lavxias teb sab composers ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, nws tsis tau pib nws txoj kev ua suab paj nruag nrog kev sau ntawv; nws thawj qhov kev sib sau tau tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem thiab los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm kev kawm, thiab qhov no kuj tau txiav txim siab txog hom kev sib xyaw thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov haujlwm thaum ntxov.
To taub cov yam ntxwv ntawm Taneyev txoj hauj lwm implies ib tug dav suab paj nruag thiab keeb kwm ntsiab lus teb. Ib tug tuaj yeem hais txaus txog Tchaikovsky yam tsis tau hais txog kev tsim ntawm tus tswv ntawm nruj style thiab baroque. Tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los qhia txog cov ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim, style, suab paj nruas lus ntawm Taneyev lub compositions yam tsis tau hais txog cov hauj lwm ntawm composers ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Dutch, Bach thiab Handel, Viennese classics, Western European romantic composers. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Lavxias teb sab composers - Bortnyansky, Glinka, A. Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky, thiab Taneyev lub contemporaries - St. Petersburg masters, thiab ib tug galaxy ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, raws li zoo raws li Lavxias teb sab masters ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej, mus txog rau niaj hnub no.
Qhov no qhia txog tus kheej tus yam ntxwv ntawm Taneyev, "coinciding" nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub era. Lub keeb kwm ntawm kev xav zoo nkauj, yog li tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib nrab thib ob thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Taneyev. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv keeb kwm los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, tus cwj pwm zoo rau cov txheej txheem keeb kwm, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm Taneyev kev nyeem ntawv paub rau peb, raws li ib feem ntawm nws lub tsev qiv ntawv, nyiam nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej collections, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ancient casts, tsim los ntawm IV Tsvetaev, uas. nyob ze nws (tam sim no lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts ). Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no, ob qho tib si Greek lub tshav puam thiab lub tshav puam Renaissance tau tshwm sim, ib lub tsev Egyptian rau kev nthuav qhia cov khoom siv Egyptian, thiab lwm yam. Npaj, tsim nyog ntau hom.
Ib tus cwj pwm tshiab rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsim cov ntsiab cai tshiab ntawm kev tsim qauv. Cov kws tshawb fawb European sab hnub poob txhais cov qauv ntawm architecture ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX nrog lo lus "historicism"; nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, lub tswv yim ntawm "eclecticism" tau lees paub - tsis muaj txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas, tab sis raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm "ib qho tshwj xeeb kos duab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX." Nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm lub era nyob "yav dhau los" styles; architects ntsia ob qho tib si hauv gothic thiab classicism ua cov ntsiab lus pib rau cov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub no. Artistic pluralism manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug heev multifaceted txoj kev nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. Raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb, "synthetic" style alloys tau tsim - xws li, piv txwv li, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Dostoevsky. Tib yam siv rau suab paj nruag.
Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm qhov kev sib piv saum toj no, Taneyev lub siab nyiam nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm European suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv nws lub ntsiab style, tsis tshwm li "relic" (ib lo lus los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm "Mozartian" ua hauj lwm ntawm no composer yog lub quartet nyob rau hauv E. -flat loj), tab sis raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm nws tus kheej (thiab yav tom ntej!) lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tib kab - kev xaiv ntawm ib tug ancient zajlus rau tsuas yog ua tiav opera "Oresteia" - ib qho kev xaiv uas zoo li coj txawv txawv rau critics ntawm lub opera thiab yog li ntuj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX.
Tus kws kos duab qhov kev xav rau qee qhov chaw ntawm kev ua piv txwv, txhais tau hais tias, cov txheej txheem stylistic feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm, kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab kev coj cwj pwm. Ntau thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv - cov ntawv sau, ntawv sau, phau ntawv teev npe, memoirs ntawm ib lub sijhawm - nthuav tawm Taneyev tus cwj pwm zoo nrog kev ua tiav txaus. Lawv piav txog cov duab ntawm tus neeg uas siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav nrog lub hwj chim ntawm qhov laj thawj, uas nyiam lub tswv yim (feem ntau ntawm txhua tus - Spinoza), lej, chess, uas ntseeg hauv kev sib raug zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim nyog ntawm lub neej. .
Hais txog Taneyev, lub tswvyim ntawm "kev txawj ntse" feem ntau siv thiab raug. Nws tsis yog yooj yim los txiav tawm cov lus no los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev nkag siab mus rau hauv thaj av ntawm cov pov thawj. Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev lees paub yog qhov muaj tswv yim txaus siab rau cov qauv uas cim los ntawm kev txawj ntse - High Renaissance, lig Baroque thiab Classicism, nrog rau cov hom thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia meej meej txog cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev xav, feem ntau sonata-symphonic. Qhov no yog kev sib koom siab ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab kev txiav txim siab zoo nkauj hauv Taneyev: qhov no yog li cas lub tswv yim ntawm "Lavxias teb sab polyphony" germinated, nqa los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev sim ua hauj lwm thiab muab tiag tiag artistic tua nyob rau hauv "John ntawm Damascus"; qhov no yog li cas cov style ntawm Viennese classics tau mastered; cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab paj nruag dramaturgy ntawm feem ntau loj, mature cycles tau txiav txim siab raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb hom ntawm monothematism. Hom monothematism no nws tus kheej qhia txog cov txheej txheem xwm txheej uas nrog rau qhov kev xav ua kom ntau dua li "lub neej ntawm kev xav", yog li xav tau cov ntaub ntawv cyclical thiab kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau qhov kawg - cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev loj hlob. Lub ntsiab lus zoo yog lub tswv yim, lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag; xws li ib tug cwj pwm ntawm thematism tau tsim, nyob rau hauv uas suab paj nruas ntsiab lus yog txhais es ib tug thesis yuav tsum tau tsim, es tsis yog ib tug "tus kheej tsim nyog" suab paj nruas duab (piv txwv li, muaj ib tug song cim). Cov txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm kuj ua tim khawv rau Taneyev txoj kev txawj ntse.
Kev txawj ntse thiab kev ntseeg hauv qhov laj thawj yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov kws ua yeeb yam uas, kuj hais lus, koom nrog "classical" hom. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev muaj tswv yim ntawm tus cwj pwm no yog tshwm sim hauv kev xav kom pom tseeb, kev lees paub, kev sib haum xeeb, kev ua tiav, rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm tsis tu ncua, universality, kev zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm los xav txog lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm Taneyev li serene, tsis muaj kev sib cav. Ib qho tseem ceeb tsav tsheb rau tus kws kos duab no yog kev tawm tsam ntawm tus kws kos duab thiab tus neeg xav. Thawj zaug tau txiav txim siab tias nws yog ib txwm ua raws li txoj hauv kev ntawm Tchaikovsky thiab lwm tus - los tsim cov haujlwm uas npaj rau kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj, sau ntawv hauv kev tsim. Yog li ntau romances, thaum ntxov symphonies tshwm sim. Qhov thib ob yog irresistibly attracted rau kev xav, mus rau theoretical thiab, tsis muaj tsawg npaum li cas, keeb kwm kev nkag siab ntawm composer txoj hauj lwm, mus rau scientific thiab muaj tswv yim xyaum ua tej yam. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub Netherlandish Fantasy ntawm lub ntsiab lus Lavxias teb sab, kev paub tab thiab kev ua suab paj nruag, thiab Mobile Counterpoint of Strict Writing tau tshwm sim. Taneyev txoj kev muaj tswv yim feem ntau yog keeb kwm ntawm cov tswv yim thiab lawv cov kev siv.
Tag nrho cov kev cai dav dav no yog concretized nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntawm Taneyev biography, nyob rau hauv lub typology ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag ntawv sau, qhov xwm ntawm lub tswv yim txheej txheem, lub epistolary (qhov twg ib tug zoo heev cov ntaub ntawv sawv tawm - nws sau ntawv nrog PI Tchaikovsky), thiab thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub epistolary. daim ntawv teev npe.
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Taneyev cov keeb kwm raws li ib tug composer yog zoo thiab ntau yam. Tus neeg mob heev - thiab tib lub sijhawm qhia tau zoo heev - yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam no; Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog keeb kwm thiab stylistic teeb meem ntawm Taneyev txoj hauj lwm. Tsis muaj qhov program-symphonic compositions, ballets (hauv ob qho tib si - tsis txawm tias ib lub tswv yim); tsuas yog ib tug paub opera, ntxiv mus, tsis tshua muaj "atypical" nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab zajlus; plaub symphonies, uas ib tug tau luam tawm los ntawm tus sau yuav luag ob xyoo caum ua ntej kawg ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm. Nrog rau qhov no - ob lyric-philosophical cantatas (ib feem ntawm kev txhawb siab, tab sis ib tug yuav hais tias, yug ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem), ntau ntau choral compositions. Thiab thaum kawg, qhov tseem ceeb - nees nkaum chamber-instrumental cycles.
Rau qee yam, Taneyev, raws li nws tau, tau muab lub neej tshiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab av. Lwm tus tau muaj qhov tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj nyob hauv lawv ua ntej. Lwm yam, hloov pauv sab hauv, nrog tus kws sau nkauj thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej - kev sib hlub, kev hu nkauj. Raws li kev siv suab paj nruag, ib lossis lwm hom ntawv tuaj rau hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias nyob rau xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, cov ntawv xaiv feem ntau muaj cov haujlwm, yog tias tsis yog style-forming, ces, raws li nws yog, "style- sawv cev". Tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1896-1898 ib tug symphony nyob rau hauv C me - plaub nyob rau hauv ib tug kab - Taneyev tsis sau ntau symphonies. Kom txog rau thaum 1905, nws tshwj xeeb mloog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm instrumental suab paj nruag tau muab rau cov hlua ensembles. Nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej, ensembles nrog kev koom tes ntawm lub piano tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kev xaiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua yeeb yam qhia txog kev sib raug zoo nrog lub tswv yim thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm suab paj nruag.
Taneyev tus sau phau ntawv keeb kwm qhia txog kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua. Txoj kev taug kev los ntawm thawj romances uas muaj feem xyuam rau qhov chaw ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag hauv tsev mus rau lub voj voog tshiab ntawm "cov paj huam rau lub suab thiab piano" yog qhov loj heev; los ntawm peb pawg hu nkauj me me thiab tsis yooj yim luam tawm xyoo 1881 mus rau lub voj voog loj ntawm op. 27a ua op. 35 rau cov lus ntawm Y. Polonsky thiab K. Balmont; los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thaum ntxov, uas tsis tau luam tawm thaum tus sau lub neej, mus rau ib hom "chamber symphony" - piano quintet hauv G minor. Qhov thib ob cantata - "Tom qab nyeem cov nkauj" ob qho tib si ua tiav thiab ua tiav Taneyev txoj haujlwm. Nws yog txoj haujlwm kawg tiag tiag, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, nws tsis tau xeeb tub li ntawd; tus kws sau ntawv tau mus nyob thiab ua haujlwm ntev thiab siv zog. Peb paub txog Taneyev cov phiaj xwm ua tsis tiav.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub tswv yim uas tau tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv Taneyev lub neej tseem tsis tau tiav mus txog thaum kawg. Txawm tias tom qab peb symphonies, ob peb quartets thiab trios, ib tug sonata rau violin thiab piano, kaum ob orchestral, piano thiab suab tej daim tau luam tawm posthumously - tag nrho cov no tau tso los ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv lub archive - txawm tam sim no nws yuav muaj peev xwm luam tawm ib tug loj. ntim ntawm cov khoom tawg. Qhov no yog qhov thib ob ntawm lub quartet nyob rau hauv C me, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cantatas "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm Constance" thiab "Peb Palms" ntawm lub opera "Hero thiab Leander", ntau yam instrumental pieces. Ib qho "kev sib cav sib ceg" tshwm sim nrog Tchaikovsky, uas yog tsis lees paub lub tswv yim, los yog plunged headlong rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm, los yog, thaum kawg, siv cov khoom nyob rau hauv lwm yam compositions. Tsis yog ib qho kev kos duab uas tau ua tiav yuav raug muab pov tseg mus ib txhis, vim tias tom qab txhua tus muaj qhov tseem ceeb, kev xav, kev xav ntawm tus kheej, ib feem ntawm tus kheej tau nqis peev hauv txhua qhov. Qhov xwm ntawm Taneyev lub tswv yim impulses yog txawv, thiab cov kev npaj rau nws compositions saib txawv. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hom phiaj tsis paub txog lub piano sonata hauv F loj muab tus lej, kev txiav txim, cov yuam sij ntawm cov khoom, txawm tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab lus: "Sab ib feem hauv lub suab nrov / Scherzo f-moll 2/4 / Andante Des-dur / Finale”.
Tchaikovsky kuj tau tshwm sim los kos cov phiaj xwm rau yav tom ntej ua haujlwm loj. Txoj haujlwm ntawm zaj nkauj "Lub Neej" (1891) paub tias: "Qhov thib ib yog tag nrho cov kev xav, kev ntseeg siab, kev nqhis dej rau kev ua si. Yuav tsum luv (kawg tuag yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Qhov thib ob yog kev hlub; thib peb poob siab; plaub xaus nrog fading (tseem luv). Zoo li Taneyev, Tchaikovsky qhia txog qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov haujlwm no. Tchaikovsky lub tswv yim yog ncaj qha ntsig txog lub neej kev paub - feem ntau ntawm Taneyev lub hom phiaj paub txog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov suab paj nruag. Ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj laj thawj rau excommunicate Taneyev cov hauj lwm los ntawm kev ua neej nyob, nws cov kev xav thiab kev sib tsoo, tab sis qhov kev ntsuas ntawm kev sib kho nyob rau hauv lawv yog txawv. Hom kev sib txawv no tau pom los ntawm LA Mazel; lawv pom cov laj thawj rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Taneyev cov suab paj nruag, qhov tsis txaus ntawm ntau nplooj ntawv zoo nkauj. Tab sis lawv, cia peb ntxiv ntawm peb tus kheej, kuj qhia tus neeg sau ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom nyiam romantic - thiab tus tsim uas gravitates rau classicism; txawv era.
Qhov tseem ceeb hauv Taneyev tus qauv tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ntau qhov chaw nrog kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev ncaj ncees (xws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kheej thiab cov khoom ntawm cov suab paj nruag). Lwm yam ntawm no yog radically ua, raws li lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kws kos duab. Cov organic xwm (thiab qib ntawm no organicity nyob rau hauv tej yam hauj lwm) ntawm kev siv ntawm txawv stylistic qhov chaw, ua ib tug auditory qeb thiab yog li, raws li nws yog, empirical, yog ices nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov ntawv ntawm compositions. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Taneyev, lub tswv yim ncaj ncees tau ntev tau hais tias cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm classical suab paj nruag thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm romantic composers yog embodied nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, lub hwj chim ntawm Tchaikovsky yog heev muaj zog, thiab hais tias nws yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas feem ntau txiav txim siab lub originality. ntawm Taneyev style. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab paj nruag romanticism thiab classical art - lub lig baroque thiab Viennese classics - yog ib hom cim ntawm lub sijhawm. Tus cwj pwm zoo, qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav rau lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai, lub siab xav nrhiav kev txhawb nqa hauv lub hauv paus tsis muaj hnub nyoog ntawm kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag - tag nrho cov no tau txiav txim siab, raws li tau hais los saum no, Taneyev txoj kev xav rau suab paj nruag classicism. Tab sis nws cov kos duab, uas tau pib nyob rau hauv lub Romantic era, dais ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo pua muaj zog style. Qhov zoo-paub confrontation ntawm tus kheej style thiab style ntawm lub sij hawm qhia nws tus kheej heev meej nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag Taneyev.
Taneyev yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias teb sab, txawm hais tias lub teb chaws ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshwm sim nws tus kheej tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm nws cov laus (Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov) thiab cov hluas (Rakhmaninov, Stravinsky, Prokofiev) cov neeg kawm. Ntawm cov kev sib txuas ntawm ntau qhov kev sib txuas ntawm Taneyev txoj haujlwm nrog kev nkag siab dav dav ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag kev lig kev cai, peb nco ntsoov lub suab paj nruag, nrog rau - uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws - kev siv (tsuas yog hauv kev ua haujlwm thaum ntxov) ntawm melodic, harmonic. thiab structural nta ntawm folklore qauv.
Tab sis lwm yam tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog qhov twg tus kws kos duab yog tus tub ntawm nws lub teb chaws nyob rau lub sijhawm qee yam hauv nws keeb kwm, txog li cas nws xav txog lub ntiaj teb kev xav, lub siab ntawm nws cov neeg kawm. Qhov kev siv zog ntawm kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv lub quarter kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX - thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX nyob rau hauv Taneyev lub suab paj nruag tsis zoo li los ua kom muaj lub siab xav ntawm lub sijhawm hauv nws cov haujlwm (raws li tuaj yeem ua tau. hais txog cov neeg txawj ntse - Tchaikovsky lossis Rachmaninov). Tab sis Taneyev muaj qhov tseeb thiab zoo sib xws nrog lub sijhawm; nws qhia txog lub ntiaj teb sab ntsuj plig ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse Lavxias teb sab, nrog rau nws txoj kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm noob neej, nws txoj kev sib txuas nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev zoo nkauj, kev tswj hwm thiab kev coj dawb huv hauv kev xav txog kev muaj tiag thiab kev xav paub qhov txawv ntawm Lavxias kos duab thoob plaws hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teb chaws tus cwj pwm hauv kev kos duab. Lub enlightening xwm ntawm Taneyev lub suab paj nruag thiab tag nrho nws cov kev ntshaw nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm creativity kuj yog ib feem ntawm cov kev cai ywj pheej kev lig kev cai ntawm Russia.
Lwm nam ntawm lub teb chaws av ntawm kos duab, uas yog heev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub Taneyev cuab yeej cuab tam, yog nws inseparable los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruas kev lig kev cai. Qhov kev sib txuas no tsis zoo li qub, tab sis hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv. Thiab yog hais tias thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm Taneyev evoke lub npe ntawm Bortnyansky, Glinka, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Tchaikovsky, tom qab lub sij hawm lub npe ntawm Glazunov, Scriabin, Rachmaninov koom nrog cov npe. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Taneyev, tib lub hnub nyoog raws li thawj symphonies ntawm Tchaikovsky, kuj absorbed ntau los ntawm cov zoo nkauj thiab poetics ntawm "Kuchkism"; Lub tom kawg cuam tshuam nrog kev nyiam thiab kev paub txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kawm, uas lawv tus kheej tau nyob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Taneyev.
Taneyev cov lus teb rau Western "modernism" (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, rau cov suab paj nruag tshwm sim ntawm lig Romanticism, Impressionism, thiab thaum ntxov Expressionism) yog nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev keeb kwm txwv, tab sis kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag. Nrog Taneyev thiab (rau ib qho twg, ua tsaug rau nws) nrog rau lwm tus neeg sau ntawv Lavxias thaum pib thiab thawj ib nrab ntawm peb lub xyoo pua, kev txav mus los ntawm cov xwm txheej tshiab hauv kev tsim suab paj nruag tau ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog feem ntau tseem ceeb uas tau sau hauv cov suab paj nruag European. . Tseem muaj qhov downside rau qhov no: qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm ntawm Taneyev nws tus kheej, nws twb tsis paub hais tias nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm no, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm nws heev heev (thiab tam sim no tsis nco qab lawm) cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab epigones nws tau qhia meej meej. Txawm li cas los xij, tib yam tuaj yeem raug sau tseg hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov thiab Glazunov - nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tus cwj pwm ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsis zoo.
Lub ntsiab figurative spheres ntawm Taneyev lub instrumental suab paj nruag, embodied nyob rau hauv ntau cycles: zoo-ua yeeb yam (thawj sonata allegri, finales); philosophical, lyrical-meditative (feem ntau ci ntsa iab - Adagio); scherzo: Taneyev yog ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws kiag li mus rau spheres ntawm ugliness, phem, sarcasm. Cov theem siab ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm ib tug neeg xav txog nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag Taneyev, ua qauv qhia ntawm tus txheej txheem, ntws ntawm kev xav thiab kev xav tsim ib tug fusion ntawm lyrical thiab epic. Taneyev txoj kev txawj ntse, nws txoj kev kawm dav dav tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv nws txoj haujlwm ntau txoj hauv kev thiab tob. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog tus composer lub siab xav mus recreate nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag ib tug ua tiav daim duab ntawm kev ua, contradictory thiab unified. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus (cyclic, sonata-symphonic forms) yog ib lub tswv yim philosophical universal. Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag Taneyev yog pom tau hais tias feem ntau yog los ntawm saturation ntawm cov ntaub nrog intonation-thematic txheej txheem. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas ib tug yuav to taub cov lus ntawm BV Asafiev: "Tsuas yog ob peb Lavxias teb sab composers xav txog daim ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob, unceasing synthesis. Xws li SI Taneev. Nws bequeathed rau Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv nws legacy ib tug zoo kawg nkaus kev siv ntawm Western symmetrical schemes, reviving lub ntws ntawm symphonism nyob rau hauv lawv ... ".
Kev tsom xam ntawm Taneyev cov hauj lwm loj cyclical qhia txog cov txheej txheem rau subordinating txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia rau lub tswv yim thiab piv txwv ntawm suab paj nruag. Ib qho ntawm lawv, raws li tau hais, yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm monothematism, uas ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub voj voog, nrog rau lub luag haujlwm kawg ntawm qhov kawg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau lub tswv yim, kos duab thiab cov suab paj nruag zoo ntawm Taneyev lub voj voog. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kawg raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab, kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog muab los ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhais tau tias, qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws uas yog kev txhim kho zoo ib yam ntawm leitme thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus, lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib txuas. Tab sis tus kws sau ntawv tau lees paub qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntev ua ntej monothematism raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tau kav hauv nws lub suab paj nruag. Hauv quartet hauv B-flat minor op. 4 nqe lus kawg hauv B-flat loj yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib kab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Hauv quartet hauv D me, op. 7 lub koov yog tsim: lub voj voog xaus nrog kev rov ua dua ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm thawj ntu. Ob chav fugue ntawm quartet kawg hauv C loj, op. 5 unites thematic ntawm qhov no.
Lwm qhov txhais tau tias thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Taneyev cov lus suab paj nruag, feem ntau polyphony, muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg qhov kev sib txuas ntawm tus kws sau cov kev xav polyphonic thiab nws qhov kev thov rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov hu nkauj (los yog cov suab paj nruag) ua cov thawj coj. Cov kab melodic ntawm plaub lossis tsib lub twj paj nruag lossis lub suab tau xav thiab txiav txim siab lub luag haujlwm ntawm thematics, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho polyphony. Qhov sib txawv-thematic kev sib txuas tau tshwm sim tau tshwm sim thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, muab lub tshuab monothematic rau kev tsim lub voj voog. Intonational-thematic kev sib koom ua ke, monothematism raws li lub suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab polyphony raws li txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag kev xav yog triad, cov khoom uas tsis sib cais hauv Taneyev lub suab paj nruag.
Ib tug tuaj yeem tham txog Taneyev txoj kev nyiam ntawm linearism feem ntau hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov txheej txheem polyphonic, qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws lub suab paj nruag xav. Plaub lossis tsib lub suab sib npaug ntawm ib lub quartet, quintet, hu nkauj imply, ntawm lwm yam, ib tug melodically mobile ntses bass thaj tsam, uas, nrog ib tug meej qhia ntawm harmonic functions, txwv lub "omnipotence" tom kawg. "Rau cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub no, kev sib haum xeeb uas maj mam poob nws lub suab sib txuas, kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv contrapuntal yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb," Taneyev sau, qhia, zoo li lwm yam, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev nkag siab thiab kev coj ua zoo.
Nrog rau qhov sib piv, imitation polyphony yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Fugues thiab fugue cov ntaub ntawv, zoo li Taneyev txoj hauj lwm tag nrho, yog ib tug complex alloy. SS Skrebkov tau sau txog "cov khoom siv hluavtaws" ntawm Taneyev's fugues siv cov piv txwv ntawm cov hlua quintes. Taneyev's polyphonic txheej txheem yog subordinated rau holistic artistic hauj lwm, thiab qhov no yog indirectly pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv nws mature xyoo (nrog rau qhov kev zam - lub fugue nyob rau hauv lub piano voj voog op. 29) nws tsis tau sau ywj siab fugues. Taneyev's instrumental fugues yog ib feem lossis ntu ntawm daim ntawv loj lossis lub voj voog. Hauv qhov no nws ua raws li kev cai ntawm Mozart, Beethoven, thiab ib nrab Schumann, txhim kho thiab txhawb lawv. Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv fugue nyob rau hauv Taneyev lub chamber cycles, thiab lawv tshwm sim, raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv lub finals, ntxiv rau, nyob rau hauv ib tug reprise los yog coda (quartet nyob rau hauv C loj op. 5, hlua quintet op. 16, piano quartet op. 20) . Kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntu kawg los ntawm fugues kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov pauv (piv txwv li, hauv txoj hlua quintet op. 14). Txoj kev nyiam rau kev nthuav dav cov ntaub ntawv yog pov thawj los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv cog lus rau ntau qhov tsaus nti fugues, thiab tom kawg feem ntau suav nrog cov thematic tsis yog ntawm qhov kawg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj ntawm cov khoom dhau los. Qhov no ua tiav lub hom phiaj thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov voj voog.
Tus cwj pwm tshiab rau lub hom chamber coj mus rau qhov loj, symphonization ntawm chamber style, nws cov monumentalization los ntawm txoj kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv no, ntau yam kev hloov kho ntawm classical cov ntaub ntawv yog pom, feem ntau sonata, uas yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub huab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub quartet nyob rau hauv ib tug me me, op. 11, tag nrho plaub lub zog muaj xws li sonata daim ntawv. Lub divertissement (thib ob txav) yog ib tug complex peb-tsav daim ntawv, qhov twg huab txav yog sau nyob rau hauv sonata daim ntawv; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm rondo hauv Divvertissement. Qhov thib peb txav (Adagio) mus rau ib tug tsim sonata daim ntawv, piv nyob rau hauv ib co respects rau thawj lub zog ntawm Schumann lub sonata nyob rau hauv F ntse me. Feem ntau muaj kev thawb sib nrug ntawm ib txwm ciam teb ntawm cov ntu thiab cov ntu ib leeg. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub scherzo ntawm lub piano quintet nyob rau hauv G me, thawj seem yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug complex peb-ntu daim ntawv nrog ib tug rov, lub trio yog ib tug dawb fugato. Txoj kev xav hloov pauv ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke, "modulating" cov ntaub ntawv (qhov thib peb ntawm lub quartet hauv Ib qho loj, op. 13 - nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub complex tripartite thiab rondo), mus rau ib tug neeg txhais lus ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog. (nyob rau hauv lub scherzo ntawm lub piano trio nyob rau hauv D loj, op. 22, lub thib ob seem — trio — variation voj voog).
Nws tuaj yeem xav tias Taneyev tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim zoo rau cov teeb meem ntawm daim ntawv kuj yog ib txoj haujlwm ua kom muaj siab. Nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv mus rau MI Tchaikovsky hnub tim 17 lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1910, tham txog cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib co ntawm cov "tsis ntev los no" Western European composers, nws nug cov lus nug: "Vim li cas lub siab xav rau novelty tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw - kev sib haum xeeb thiab instrumentation? Yog vim li cas, nrog rau qhov no, tsis tsuas yog tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm counterpoint pom, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, qhov no yog nyob rau hauv loj poob rau yav dhau los? Vim li cas ho tsis tsuas yog qhov muaj peev xwm muaj nyob rau hauv lawv tsis txhim kho nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv lawv tus kheej ua me thiab poob rau hauv kev lwj? Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Taneyev tau ntseeg tias daim ntawv sonata "soverpasses tag nrho lwm tus nyob rau hauv nws ntau haiv neeg, nplua nuj thiab versatility." Yog li, cov kev xav thiab kev coj ua zoo ntawm tus kws sau ua yeeb yam qhia tau hais tias lub suab ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab hloov kho cov kev xav.
Hais txog qhov "ib leeg ib sab" ntawm kev txhim kho thiab "kev ua tsis ncaj" ntawm cov lus suab paj nruag cuam tshuam nrog nws, Taneyev ntxiv rau hauv tsab ntawv sau rau MI Tchaikovsky: rau qhov tshiab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kuv xav txog qhov rov ua dua ntawm qhov tau hais ntev dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab qhov tsis muaj originality nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau kuv tag nrho indifferent rau nws <...>. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no kev tsim kho tshiab yuav ua rau rov yug dua tshiab ntawm cov suab paj nruag, ib yam li kev ua tsis ncaj ntawm cov lus Latin los ntawm cov neeg barbarians coj ntau ntau pua xyoo tom qab mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov lus tshiab.
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"Lub sijhawm ntawm Taneyev" tsis yog ib qho, tab sis tsawg kawg yog ob lub sijhawm. Nws thawj zaug, cov hluas nkauj yog "tib lub hnub nyoog" raws li cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov ntawm Tchaikovsky, thiab cov tom kawg tau tsim ib txhij nrog cov laus heev opuses Stravinsky, Myaskovsky, Prokofiev. Taneyev loj hlob thiab coj cov duab nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo thaum txoj hauj lwm ntawm suab paj nruag romanticism muaj zog thiab, ib tug yuav hais tias, dominated. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pom cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, tus kws sau nkauj tau xav txog kev txhawb siab ntawm cov qauv ntawm classicism thiab baroque, uas tau tshwm sim hauv German (Brahms thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab Reger) thiab Fabkis (Frank, d'Andy) suab paj nruag.
Taneyev qhov kev koom nrog ob lub sijhawm tau ua rau muaj kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub neej kev vam meej, kev nkag siab tsis meej ntawm nws txoj kev xav txawm tias los ntawm cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag. Ntau yam ntawm nws lub tswv yim, saj, passions zoo li coj txawv txawv, txiav tawm los ntawm ib puag ncig artistic kev muaj tiag, thiab txawm retrograde. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm keeb kwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm "tsim" Taneyev rau hauv daim duab ntawm nws lub neej niaj hnub. Nws hloov tawm tias nws cov kev sib txuas nrog cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai yog cov organic thiab ntau yam, txawm hais tias lawv tsis dag ntawm qhov chaw. Taneyev, nrog rau tag nrho nws originality, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws lub ntiaj teb no saib thiab tus cwj pwm, yog tus tub ntawm nws lub sij hawm thiab lub teb chaws. Qhov kev paub ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev kos duab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pom qhov kev cog lus zoo ntawm tus kws ntaus nkauj uas xav tias yuav nyob rau xyoo pua no.
Rau tag nrho cov laj thawj no, lub neej ntawm Taneyev lub suab paj nruag txij thaum pib yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab qhov no tau cuam tshuam ob qho tib si hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov haujlwm (tus naj npawb thiab kev ua yeeb yam zoo), thiab hauv lawv txoj kev xav los ntawm cov neeg kawm. Taneyev lub koob npe nrov raws li ib tug tsis txaus siab composer yog txiav txim siab mus rau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov txheej xwm ntawm nws era. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom yog muab los ntawm lub neej thuam. Cov kev tshuaj xyuas qhia ob qho tib si kev xav thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm "untimeliness" ntawm Taneyev's art. Yuav luag txhua tus neeg thuam uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau sau txog Taneyev: Ts. A. Cui, GA Larosh, ND Kashkin, then SN Kruglikov, VG Karatygin, Yu. Findeizen, AV Ossovsky, LL Sabaneev thiab lwm tus. Cov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv rau Taneyev los ntawm Tchaikovsky, Glazunov, hauv cov ntawv thiab "Chronicles ..." los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov.
Muaj ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo hauv cov ntawv thiab tshuaj xyuas. Yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus tau them tribute rau qhov kev txawj ntse ntawm tus composer. Tab sis tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tsawg yog "cov nplooj ntawv ntawm kev nkag siab tsis zoo". Thiab yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm, ntau reproaches ntawm rationalism, imitation ntawm classics yog to taub thiab rau ib tug tej yam ncaj ncees, ces cov khoom ntawm lub 90s thiab thaum ntxov 900s yog ib tug sib txawv xwm. Qhov no feem ntau yog thuam los ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm romanticism thiab, nyob rau hauv opera, puas siab puas ntsws realism. Lub assimilation ntawm cov qauv ntawm yav dhau los tseem tsis tau raug soj ntsuam raws li tus qauv thiab tau pom tias yog kev rov qab los yog kev tsis sib xws, kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, phooj ywg, sau ntawv thiab memoirs txog Taneyev - Yu. D. Engel sau nyob rau hauv ib tug obituary: "Tom qab Scriabin, tus tsim ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, kev tuag yuav siv sij hawm Taneyev, uas nws cov kos duab yog heev rooted nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm yav dhau los nyob deb.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 1913, lub hauv paus twb tshwm sim rau ib tug ntau tiav kev nkag siab ntawm keeb kwm thiab stylistic teeb meem ntawm Taneyev lub suab paj nruag. Hauv qhov no, kev txaus siab yog cov khoom los ntawm VG Karatygin, thiab tsis yog cov neeg mob siab rau Taneyev xwb. Nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm XNUMX, "Tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws hauv Western European Music," nws txuas - hais lus feem ntau ntawm Frank thiab Reger - qhov kev txhawb siab ntawm cov qauv qub nrog cov suab paj nruag "hnub no." Hauv lwm tsab xov xwm, tus neeg thuam tau hais tawm lub tswv yim zoo txog Taneyev uas yog tus thawj coj ncaj qha rau ib qho ntawm cov kab ntawm Glinka cov keeb kwm. Muab piv rau keeb kwm lub hom phiaj ntawm Taneyev thiab Brahms, lub pathos ntawm uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub exaltation ntawm classical kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lig romanticism, Karatygin txawm hais tias "qhov tseem ceeb keeb kwm ntawm Taneyev rau Russia yog ntau dua li ntawm Brahm rau lub teb chaws Yelemees", qhov twg "cov kev cai classical yeej ib txwm muaj zog heev, muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv". Hauv tebchaws Russia, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev lig kev cai tiag tiag, los ntawm Glinka, tau tsim tsawg dua li lwm cov kab ntawm Glinka lub tswv yim. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tib tsab xov xwm, Karatygin characterizes Taneyev raws li ib tug composer, "ntau centuries lig yug los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no"; vim li cas rau qhov tsis muaj kev hlub rau nws cov suab paj nruag, cov neeg thuam pom nyob rau hauv nws qhov tsis sib haum xeeb nrog "kev kos duab thiab kev xav ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev niaj hnub, nrog rau nws cov lus tshaj tawm rau kev loj hlob tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab xim ntawm cov suab paj nruag kos duab." Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov npe ntawm Glinka thiab Taneyev yog ib qho kev xav ntawm BV Asafiev, uas tau tsim ntau yam haujlwm ntawm Taneyev thiab pom hauv nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev ua ub no txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai: zoo nkauj heev hauv nws. ua hauj lwm, ces rau nws, tom qab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub xyoo caum ntawm evolution ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag tom qab kev tuag ntawm Glinka, SI Taneyev, ob qho tib si theoretical thiab muaj tswv yim. Tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm no txhais tau hais tias siv cov txheej txheem polyphonic (xws li kev sau ntawv nruj) rau Lavxias teb sab melos.
Cov tswv yim thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm BL Yavorsky feem ntau yog los ntawm kev kawm ntawm Taneyev tus kws sau ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1940, lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Taneyev thiab Lavxias teb sab composers - N. Ya. Myaskovsky, V. Ya. Shebalin, DD Shostakovich - muaj los ntawm Vl. V. Protopopov. Nws tej hauj lwm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws pab rau txoj kev kawm ntawm Taneyev style thiab suab paj nruas hom lus tom qab Asafiev, thiab sau los ntawm cov ntawv sau los ntawm nws, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1947, ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug collective monograph. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Taneyev muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau txog phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm GB Bernandt. LZ Korabelnikova's monograph "Creativity ntawm SI Taneyev: Keeb Kwm thiab Stylistic tshawb fawb" yog mob siab rau kev xav txog keeb kwm thiab stylistic teeb meem ntawm Taneyev cov cuab yeej cuab tam los ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj tshaj plaws thiab hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub sijhawm.
Lub personification ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob centuries - ob lub sij hawm, ib tug tas li renewing kev lig kev cai, Taneyev nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev strove "mus rau tshiab shores", thiab ntau ntawm nws lub tswv yim thiab incarnations mus txog lub shores ntawm niaj hnub.
L. Korabelnikova
- Chamber-instrumental creativity ntawm Taneyev →
- Taneyev's romances →
- Choral tej hauj lwm ntawm Taneyev →
- Cov ntawv sau los ntawm Taneyev ntawm cov npoo ntawm clavier ntawm tus poj huab tais ntawm Spades
