Otar Vasilyevich Taktakishvili |

Otar Taktakishvili

Lub zog ntawm cov roob, kev txav ceev ntawm cov dej ntws, kev paj ntawm qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Georgia thiab cov neeg muaj kev txawj ntse ntau pua xyoo - tag nrho cov no tau ntxim nyiam nyob rau hauv nws txoj haujlwm los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Georgian zoo O. Taktakishvili. Raws li kev lig kev cai ntawm Georgian thiab Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruas classics (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm composer Z. Paliashvili), Taktakishvili tau tsim ntau yam hauj lwm uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub golden nyiaj ntawm Soviet multinational kab lis kev cai.

Taktakishvili loj hlob hauv tsev neeg suab paj nruag. Kawm hauv Tbilisi Conservatory hauv chav kawm ntawm xibfwb S. Barkhudaryan. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm conservatory xyoo uas cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag txuj ci tau tawm sai sai, uas nws lub npe twb dhau los ua nto moo thoob plaws hauv Georgia. Tus kws sau nkauj hluas tau sau ib zaj nkauj, uas tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib tw Republican thiab pom zoo raws li National Anthem ntawm Georgian SSR. Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv (1947-50), kev sib raug zoo nrog lub conservatory tsis cuam tshuam. Txij li xyoo 1952, Taktakishvili tau qhia ntau yam lus thiab cov cuab yeej siv nyob ntawd, xyoo 1962-65. - nws yog tus rector, thiab txij li xyoo 1966 - xibfwb nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv.

Cov hauj lwm tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm kev kawm thiab mus txog rau nruab nrab-50s qhia txog cov tub ntxhais sau cov fruitful assimilation ntawm classical romantic kab lig kev cai. 2 symphonies, Thawj Piano Concerto, symphonic paj huam "Mtsyri" - cov no yog tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas lub imagery thiab ib co txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm romantics thiab sib xws rau lub hnub nyoog romantic ntawm lawv tus sau tau xav txog qhov loj tshaj plaws. .

Txij li thaum nruab nrab 50s. Taktakishvili nquag ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm chamber suab paj nruag. Lub suab voj voog ntawm cov xyoo ntawd tau los ua tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag qhov chaw sim muaj tswv yim: hauv lawv nws nrhiav nws lub suab intonation, nws tus kheej style, uas tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm nws cov opera thiab oratorio compositions. Ntau cov romances ntawm nqe lus los ntawm Georgian kws sau paj lug V. Pshavela, I. Abashidze, S. Chikovani, G. Tabidze tom qab ntawd suav nrog hauv cov suab paj nruag loj thiab symphonic los ntawm Taktakishvili.

Lub opera "Mindiya" (1960), sau raws li cov paj huam ntawm V. Pshavela, tau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub composer txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Txij thaum ntawd los, nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Taktakishvili, ib tug tig yog npaj rau ib hom ntawv loj - operas thiab oratorios, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm instrumental music - mus concerts. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov hom ntawv no uas muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus composer lub tswv yim txuj ci tau tshwm sim. Opera "Mindiya", uas yog ua raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug tub hluas Mindni, muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog lub suab ntawm xwm, qhia tag nrho cov zoo ntawm Taktakishvili playwright: lub peev xwm los tsim cov suab paj nruas dluab, qhia lawv lub hlwb kev loj hlob. , thiab tsim complex pawg scenes. "Mindiya" tau ua tiav hauv ntau lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv peb lub tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws.

Tom ntej no 2 operas los ntawm Taktakishvili - lub triptych "Three Lives" (1967), tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm M. Javakhishvili thiab G. Tabidze, thiab "Lub Abduction ntawm lub hli" (1976) raws li cov tshiab los ntawm K. . Gamsakhurdia – qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg Georgian nyob rau hauv lub pre-revolutionary lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv thawj revolutionary hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub 70s. 2 comic operas kuj tau tsim, nthuav tawm lub ntsej muag tshiab ntawm Taktakishvili lub peev xwm - lyricism thiab kev lom zem zoo. Cov no yog "Tus Hluas Nkauj" raws li zaj dab neeg luv luv los ntawm M. Javakhishvili thiab "Eccentrics" ("Thawj Hlub") raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm R. Gabriadze.

Keeb kwm thiab pej xeem kos duab, cov duab ntawm Georgian keeb kwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm Taktakishvili lub suab thiab symphonic tej hauj lwm - oratorios thiab cantatas. Taktakishvili ob lub ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws, "Ua raws Rustaveli's Footsteps" thiab "Nikoloz Baratashvili", muaj ntau yam sib xws. Nyob rau hauv lawv, tus composer xav txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, lawv txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub oratorio Nyob rau hauv lub footsteps ntawm "Rustaveli" (1963) yog ib lub voj voog ntawm paj huam los ntawm I. Abashidze. Lub subtitle ntawm txoj hauj lwm "Solemn Chants" txhais lub ntsiab hom suab paj nruas dluab - qhov no yog chanting, qhuas rau legendary kws sau paj lug ntawm Georgia thiab ib zaj dab neeg txog nws txoj hmoo tragic. Lub oratorio Nikoloz Baratashvili (1970), mob siab rau Georgian romantic kws sau paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, suav nrog kev xav ntawm kev poob siab, mob siab rau lyrical monologues, thiab maj nrawm rau kev ywj pheej. Kev lig kev cai dab qhuas yog tshiab thiab ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv Taktakishvili lub suab-symphonic triptych - "Gurian Songs", "Mingrelian Songs", "Georgian secular nkauj hu". Nyob rau hauv cov compositions, thawj txheej ntawm ancient Georgian suab paj nruag folklore yog dav siv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tus composer sau lub oratorio "Nrog lub lyre ntawm Tsereteli", lub choral voj voog "Kartala tunes".

Taktakishvili sau ntau zaj nkauj. Nws yog tus sau plaub concertos rau piano, ob rau violin, ib qho rau cello. Chamber music (Quartet, Piano Quintet, Piano Trio), thiab suab paj nruag rau xinesmas thiab ua yeeb yam (Oedipus Rex ntawm S. Rustaveli Theatre hauv Tbilisi, Antigone ntawm I. Franko Theatre hauv Kyiv, "Lub caij ntuj no zaj dab neeg" hauv Moscow Art Theatre) .

Taktakishvili feem ntau ua tus thawj coj ntawm nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm (ntau yam ntawm nws premieres tau ua los ntawm tus sau), raws li tus sau ntawm cov khoom kov txog cov teeb meem loj ntawm composer creativity, kev sib raug zoo ntawm pej xeem thiab kev kos duab, thiab suab paj nruas kev kawm. Ua haujlwm ntev raws li Minister of Culture ntawm Georgian SSR, ua haujlwm nquag hauv Union of Composers ntawm USSR thiab Georgia, sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg txiav txim siab ntawm txhua lub koom haum thiab kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb - tag nrho cov no yog lub ntsej muag ntawm pej xeem kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus sau Otar Taktakishvili, uas nws tau mob siab rau tib neeg, ntseeg tias "tsis muaj ib txoj haujlwm tsim nyog rau tus kws kos duab ntau dua li ua neej nyob thiab tsim rau tib neeg, hauv lub npe ntawm cov neeg.

V. Cenova