Domenico Cimarosa (Domenico Cimarosa) |

Domenico Cimarosa

Cimarosa lub suab paj nruag yog fiery, fiery thiab zoo siab… B. Asafiev

Domenico Cimarosa tau nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ua ib tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Neapolitan opera tsev kawm ntawv, ua tus tswv ntawm buffa opera, uas ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Italian comic opera ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX hauv nws txoj haujlwm.

Cimarosa yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug bricklayer thiab ib tug ntxhua khaub ncaws. Tom qab nws tus txiv tuag, nyob rau hauv 1756, nws niam tso me ntsis Domenico nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov neeg pluag ntawm ib tug ntawm cov monasteries nyob rau hauv Naples. Nws nyob ntawm no tias yav tom ntej tus kws sau nkauj tau txais nws thawj cov lus qhia suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, Cimarosa tau ua tiav tseem ceeb thiab nyob rau hauv 1761 tau txais mus rau Site Maria di Loreto, lub tsev qub tshaj plaws hauv Naples. Cov kws qhia ntawv zoo tau qhia nyob rau ntawd, ntawm lawv yog cov loj, thiab qee zaum cov kws sau ntawv zoo. Rau 11 xyoo ntawm conservatory Cimarosa tau dhau los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kws sau ntawv zoo heev: nws tau sau ntau pawg thiab motets, paub txog kev hu nkauj, ntaus nkauj violin, cembalo thiab lub cev kom zoo. Nws cov xib fwb yog G. Sacchini thiab N. Piccinni.

Thaum 22, Cimarosa kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub teb ntawm Opera composer. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd ntawm Neapolitan theatre dei Fiorentini (del Fiorentini) nws thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam, Tus Count's Whims, tau ua tiav. Nws tau ua raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus li succession los ntawm lwm yam comic operas. Cimarosa lub koob meej tau loj hlob. Ntau lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv Ltalis pib caw nws. Lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam, cuam tshuam nrog kev mus tas li, tau pib. Raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, operas yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub nroog qhov chaw uas lawv tau staged, yog li ntawd tus composer yuav coj mus rau hauv tus account lub peev xwm ntawm lub troupe thiab tastes ntawm lub zos pej xeem.

Ua tsaug rau nws qhov kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev ua tsis tiav, Cimarosa tsim nrog kev ceev nrawm. Nws comic operas, tseem ceeb ntawm lawv Ib tug Italian nyob rau hauv London (1778), Gianina thiab Bernardone (1781), Malmantile Market, los yog Deluded Vanity (1784) thiab Unsuccessful Intrigues (1786), tau staged nyob rau hauv Rome, Venice, Milan, Florence, Turin thiab lwm lub nroog Italian.

Cimarosa tau los ua tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Ltalis. Nws hloov tau cov tswv zoo li G. Paisiello, Piccinni, P. Guglielmi, uas nyob txawv teb chaws thaum ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau ntawv me me, tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm ruaj ntseg hauv nws lub tebchaws. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1787, nws tau txais ib tug caw mus rau lub tsev hais plaub bandmaster thiab "suab paj nruag" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab imperial tsev hais plaub. Cimarosa siv sijhawm li peb thiab ib nrab xyoo hauv tebchaws Russia. Lub sijhawm xyoo no, tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau sau ntau npaum li hauv Ltalis. Nws mob siab rau ntau lub sij hawm los tswj lub tsev hais plaub opera tsev, staging operas, thiab qhia.

Ntawm txoj kev rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws, qhov chaw uas tus kws sau ntawv mus rau xyoo 1791, nws tau mus xyuas Vienna. Zoo siab txais tos, kev caw mus rau lub tsev hais plaub bandmaster thiab - qhov ntawd yog qhov tos Cimarosa ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Austrian Emperor Leopold II. Nyob rau hauv Vienna, ua ke nrog tus kws sau paj lug J. Bertati, Cimarosa tsim qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov creations - lub buff opera The Secret Marriage (1792). Nws lub premiere yog ib qho kev vam meej, lub opera tau engraved nyob rau hauv nws tag nrho.

Rov qab los rau xyoo 1793 rau nws haiv neeg Naples, tus kws sau nkauj tau coj txoj haujlwm ntawm tsev hais plaub bandmaster nyob ntawd. Nws sau opera seria thiab opera buffa, cantatas thiab instrumental tej hauj lwm. Ntawm no, opera "Secret Marriage" tau tawm tsam ntau dua 100 qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Qhov no tsis tau hnov ​​​​txog xyoo 1799 hauv tebchaws Ltalis. Nyob rau hauv 4, ib tug bourgeois kiv puag ncig tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Naples, thiab Cimarosa zoo siab txais tos rau kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub koom pheej. Nws, zoo li ib tug tiag tiag patriot, teb rau qhov kev tshwm sim nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm "Patriotic Hymn". Txawm li cas los xij, lub tebchaws tau siv sijhawm li ob peb lub hlis xwb. Tom qab nws swb lawm, tus composer raug ntes thiab muab pov rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Lub tsev uas nws nyob tau raug puas tsuaj, thiab nws nto moo clavichembalo, muab pov rau hauv lub cobblestone pavement, raug smashed rau smithereens. XNUMX lub hlis Cimarosa tos kev tua. Thiab tsuas yog daim ntawv thov ntawm cov neeg muaj hwj chim tau coj nws lub siab xav tso tawm. Lub sijhawm nyob hauv tsev lojcuj tau ua rau nws muaj kev noj qab haus huv. Tsis xav nyob hauv Naples, Cimarosa mus rau Venice. Nyob ntawd, txawm tias tsis xis nyob, nws sau ib zaj nkauj "Artemisia". Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau ntawv tsis pom qhov premiere ntawm nws txoj haujlwm - nws tshwm sim ob peb hnub tom qab nws tuag.

Ib tug zoo tswv ntawm lub Italian opera theatre ntawm lub xyoo pua 70th. Cimarosa tau sau ntau dua operas. Nws txoj haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm G. Rossini. Hais txog kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau nkauj - onepe-buffa "Secret Marriage" E. Hanslik tau sau tias nws "muaj lub teeb golden tiag tiag, uas tsuas yog ib qho tsim nyog rau lub suab paj nruag comedy ... nrog pearls, yog li lub teeb thiab kev xyiv fab, uas tus mloog tsuas yog txaus siab rau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws creation ntawm Cimarosa tseem nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb opera repertoire.

I. Vetlitsyna