Chansonnier |

Chansonier (Fabkis chansonnier, los ntawm chanson – song).

1) Fabkis. cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau nkauj (feem ntau yog tus sau lawv cov nkauj, qee zaum lawv cov suab paj nruag; feem ntau lawv siv suab paj nruag nrov). Keeb kwm ntawm Fabkis Sh. rov qab mus rau lub tsho ntawm minstrels, troubadours, trouveurs. Puas tau txij li satire. "Mazarinade" (17th caug xyoo) yog qhov tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Sh. coloring, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ci thaum lub sij hawm revolutions ntawm 1830, 1848 thiab Paris Commune ntawm 1871. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm revolutionary kev ywj pheej. Fabkis txoj kab lig kev cai. paj huam thiab art-wa Sh. ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb zoo fr. kws sau paj lug PJ Beranger, uas embodied nyob rau hauv nws zaj nkauj tag nrho cov keeb kwm. era. 2nd pem teb 19th caug xyoo Nws muab tso rau pem hauv ntej Swiss revolutionaries, ntawm lawv E. Pottier, tus sau ntawv ntawm lub Internationale, thiab JB Clement, ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm Paris Commune. Tus successor ntawm lawv cov kev lig kev cai yog tus singer-Sh. G. Montegus, nkauj thiab yuav ua. Cov khaub ncaws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm VI Lenin (Montegus cov nkauj tau hnov ​​dua thaum lub xyoo ntawm Fabkis Resistance). Los ntawm con. 19th caug xyoo Sh. kuj hu ua ntau prof. estr. cov neeg hu nkauj. Kev nthuav dav ntawm cafe-chantans, cabarets ("Sha noir"), thiab tom qab ntawd cov tsev suab paj nruag tau pab txhawb rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub galaxy ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj nto moo, ntawm lawv - I. Gilbert, tus neeg ntxeev siab hu nkauj A. Bruant (cov tsos ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam no. raug ntes ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Fabkis tus kws kos duab A. Toulouse-Lautrec). Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 (1914-18), lub sijhawm ntawm kev nom kev tswv tau pib. nkauj. Kev cai ywj pheej ntawm Sh. hauv 50s. XNUMXth caug xyoo pom muaj kev xav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, kws sau ntawv thiab tus hu nkauj F. Lemark. E. Piaf cov nkauj tau dhau los ua neeg thoob ntiaj teb. Kev sau xov xwm. qhov ntse ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, kev nplua nuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv poetic, kev xav paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov niaj hnub no. C. – C. Trenet, J. Brassens, J. Brel, J. Beco, M. Chevalier, C. Aznavour, S. Adamo, M. Mathieu. Qhov kev thov ntawm Sh. ua pov thawj rau txhais tau tias. cuam ​​tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub ntiaj teb no estr. suab paj nruag.

2) Lub npe ntawm cov ntawv sau los yog sau cov nkauj uas siv hauv Fabkis lub Kaum Ob Hlis. cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm 13th-14th centuries. thiab collections ntawm vaudeville 18-19 centuries.

References: Butkovskaya T., Fabkis zaj nkauj nyob rau hauv Moscow, "MF", 1973, No 2; Erisman Guy, French song, (M., 1974); Bercy A. de, Ziwis A., Montmartre… le soir. Cabarets thiab chansonniers d hier, P., (1951); Brochon P., La chanson populaire au XIX siècle. Sociétés chantantes thiab goguettes, hauv: La chanson française. Byranger thiab tus tub temps, P., 1956; In arjon L., La chanson d aujourd hui, P., (1959); Rioux L., 20 ans de chansons en France, (P., 1966).

IAB Medvedeva