Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (ETA Hoffmann) |

ETA Hoffman

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor (Wilhelm) Amadeus (24 I 1776, Koenigsberg - 25 Lub Rau Hli 1822, Berlin) - Tus kws sau ntawv German, kws sau ntawv, tus neeg saib xyuas, tus neeg pleev kob. Tus tub ntawm ib tug nom, nws tau txais kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv University of Königsberg. Nws tau koom nrog kev sau ntawv thiab pleev xim, nws kawm suab paj nruag ua ntej nrog nws tus txiv ntxawm, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog tus kws kho mob H. Podbelsky (1790-1792), tom qab ntawd hauv Berlin nws tau coj cov lus qhia los ntawm IF Reichardt. Nws yog tus kws ntsuam xyuas hauv tsev hais plaub hauv Glogow, Poznan, Plock. Txij li thaum 1804, lub xeev council nyob rau hauv Warsaw, qhov chaw uas nws tau los ua tus organizer ntawm lub Philharmonic Society, lub symphony orchestra, ua raws li ib tug conductor thiab composer. Tom qab txoj haujlwm ntawm Warsaw los ntawm Fabkis cov tub rog (1807), Hoffmann rov qab los rau Berlin. Nyob rau hauv 1808-1813 nws yog ib tug conductor, composer thiab ua yeeb yam decorator nyob rau hauv Bamberg, Leipzig thiab Dresden. Los ntawm 1814 nws nyob rau hauv Berlin, qhov chaw uas nws yog ib tug kws pab tswv yim rau kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws txiav txim lub cev thiab kev cai lij choj commissions. Ntawm no Hoffmann tau sau nws cov ntawv sau tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws thawj cov ntawv tau tshaj tawm nyob rau nplooj ntawv ntawm Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig), uas nws tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1809.

Ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv German romantic, Hoffmann tau los ua ib tus tsim ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj thiab kev thuam. Twb tau nyob rau theem pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruag romantic, nws tsim nws cov yam ntxwv thiab qhia txog kev tu siab ntawm tus kws ntaus nkauj romantic hauv zej zog. Hoffmann xav txog cov suab paj nruag raws li lub ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm rau tus neeg lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj kev xav thiab kev nyiam, nrog rau kev nkag siab qhov xwm txheej ntawm txhua yam tsis meej thiab tsis meej. Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm kev sau ntawv romanticism, Hoffmann pib sau txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag, hais txog cov suab paj nruag, composers thiab ua yeeb yam. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm KV Gluck, WA ​​Mozart thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog L. Beethoven, nws tau qhia txog kev nyiam ua rau kev coj noj coj ua. Ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm Hoffmann lub suab paj nruag thiab kev zoo nkauj yog nws cov dab neeg luv luv: "Cavalier Gluck" ("Ritter Gluck", 1809), "Lub Suab Nkauj ntawm Johannes Kreisler, Kapellmeister" ("Johannes Kreisler's, des Kapellmeisters musikalische, 1810)" , “Don Giovanni” (1813), dialogue “The Poet and the Composer” (“Der Dichter und der Komponist”, 1813). Hoffmann cov dab neeg tom qab tau sib sau ua ke hauv kev sau Fantasies hauv Ntsuj Plig ntawm Callot (Fantasiesucke hauv Callot's Manier, 1814-15).

Nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg luv luv, nrog rau hauv Fragments ntawm Biography ntawm Johannes Kreisler, tau qhia rau hauv phau ntawv tshiab Lub Ntiaj Teb Saib ntawm Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Katers Murr, 1822), Hoffmann tsim cov duab tu siab ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag, Kreisler's "mad Kapellmeister”, uas tawm tsam philistinism thiab raug kev txom nyem. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Hoffmann cuam tshuam rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm KM Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. Lub poetic dluab ntawm Hoffmann tau embodied nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm ntau composers - R. Schumann ("Kreislerian"), R. Wagner ("The Flying Dutchman"), PI Tchaikovsky ("Lub Nutcracker"), AS Adas ("Giselle") , L. Delibes (“Coppelia”), F. Busoni (“Kev Xaiv Ntawm Tus Poj Niam”), P. Hindemith (“Cardillac”) thiab lwm yam. Nicknamed Zinnober”, “Princess Brambilla”, thiab lwm yam. Hoffmann yog tus phab ej ntawm kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm J. Offenbach (“Tales of Hoffmann”, 1881) thiab G. Lachchetti (“Hoffmann”, 1912).

Hoffmann yog tus sau zaj nkauj, suav nrog thawj German romantic opera Ondine (1813, post. 1816, Berlin), opera Aurora (1811-12; tejzaum nws post. 1813, Würzburg; posthumous post. 1933, Bamberg), symphonies, hu nkauj, chamber compositions. Xyoo 1970, kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom siv suab paj nruag xaiv los ntawm Hoffmann pib hauv Mainz (FRG).

Cov khoom xyaw: ua, ed. los ntawm G. Ellinger, B.-Lpz.-W.-Stuttg., 1927; poetic tej hauj lwm. Kho los ntawm G. Seidel. Foreword los ntawm Hans Mayer, vols. 1–6, V., 1958; Suab paj nruag novellas thiab sau ua ke nrog cov tsiaj ntawv thiab chaw muag mis nyuj nkag. Xaiv thiab piav qhia los ntawm Richard Münich, Weimar, 1961; hauv рус. rau. — Избранные произведения, т. 1-3, M., ib., 1962.

References: Braudo EM, ETA Hoffman, P., 1922; Ivanov-Boretsky M., ETA Hoffman (1776-1822), “Music Education”, 1926, No No 3-4; Rerman VE, German romantic opera, hauv nws phau ntawv: Opera House. Cov ntawv thiab tshawb fawb, M., 1961, p. 185–211; Zhitomirsky D., Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov tseeb hauv kev zoo nkauj ntawm ETA Hoffmann. “SM”, 1973, nr 8.

CA Marcus