Vytautas Prano Barkauskas (Vytautas Barkauskas) |

Vytautas Barkauskas

Ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Lithuania, V. Barkauskas, belongs rau tiam ntawm Lithuanian composers uas ua rau lawv tus kheej paub nyob rau hauv lub 60s. raws li "tus tsim teeb meem", tig mus rau qhov kev xav tshiab, ib qho tshiab, qee zaum xav tsis thoob avant-garde lus. Los ntawm thawj cov kauj ruam, Barkauskas tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm no tshiab twb tsis tau yuam, tab sis ua nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov tsoos, kiag li ua raws li cov artistic tsim. Thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim, Barkauskas 'style hloov pauv hloov pauv - hom lus thiab cov tswv yim hloov pauv, tab sis cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tseem tsis hloov pauv - cov ntsiab lus sib sib zog nqus, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev xav nrog kev txawj ntse.

Tus kws sau cov cuab yeej cuab tam suav nrog txhua yam: theem (opera Cov Lus dab neeg ntawm Kev Hlub, choreographic theem tsis sib haum xeeb), symphonic thiab chamber suab paj nruag (xws li 5 symphonies, Peb Yam triptych, 3 concertos, Monologue rau oboe solo, Partita rau solo violin, 3 violin sonatas, 2 txoj hlua quartets, Quintet thiab Sextet rau cov hlua nrog piano), choirs, cantatas thiab oratorios, suab nkauj (ntawm kab ntawm P. Eluard, N. Kuchak, V. Palchinskaite), organ thiab piano compositions (xws li rau 4, 6 thiab 8 tes), suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas. Barkauskas them zoo rau cov me nyuam lub repertoire.

Thawj qhov kev qhia suab paj nruag pib hauv tsev, tom qab ntawd - ntawm lub tsev kawm piano ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag. Y. Tallat-Kyalpshi hauv Vilnius. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau ntawv tsis pom nws txoj haujlwm tam sim ntawd, nws tau txais nws thawj txoj haujlwm ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics thiab lej ntawm Vilnius Pedagogical Institute (1953). Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd Barkauskas txiav txim siab muab nws tus kheej rau suab paj nruag - hauv 1959 nws kawm tiav los ntawm Vilnius Conservatory hauv chav kawm ntawm tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus kws qhia ntawv A. Raciunas.

Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum muaj tswv yim, Barkauskas 'suab paj nruag feem ntau yog cim los ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev sim, kev siv ntau yam txuj ci sau (atonalism, dodecaphony, sonoristics, aleatorics).

Qhov no tau qhia meej meej tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm 60s. - nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag chamber, qhov twg, nrog rau cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, neoclassical tendencies tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub sij hawm no ntawm Soviet suab paj nruag (ntshiab constructiveness, transparency ntawm kev nthuav qhia, gravitation ntawm polyphony) kuj nthuav dav siv. Qhov ze tshaj plaws rau cov tswv ntawm yav dhau los rau Barkauskas yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj - ib hom kev ua si nrog timbres, dynamics, virtuoso cov tswv yim, ntau hom thematics. Cov no yog nws Concertino rau plaub pawg chamber (1964), "Contrast music" rau flute, cello thiab percussion (1968), "Intimate composition" rau oboe thiab 12 txoj hlua (1968), uas yog tus zoo tshaj plaws tsim los ntawm tus composer. Thiab tom qab ntawd, Barkauskas tsis koom nrog kev hais kwv txhiaj (Concertos rau lub cev "Gloria urbi" - 1972; flutes thiab oboes nrog orchestra - 1978; Peb concert etudes rau piano - 1981).

Tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb yog Concerto rau viola thiab chamber orchestra (1981), ua haujlwm tseem ceeb uas suav nrog kev tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los thiab hais txog qhov kev xav, kev nyiam nyiam, uas ua rau muaj zog hauv cov neeg sau ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov lus tau nkag mus tau yooj yim dua thiab meej, cov duab nraaj qub yog tam sim no nce ntxiv nrog cov yeeb yuj suab. Tag nrho cov nta no ua pov thawj rau qhov kev xav tsis tu ncua ntawm Barkauskas los tsim cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav, kom tob rau cov ntsiab lus. Txawm tias nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum ntxov, tus kws sau nkauj tau tig mus rau pej xeem, feem ntau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - hauv cantata-poem "Lo lus ntawm Kev Hloov Kho" (ntawm st. A. Drilinga - 1967), nyob rau hauv lub voj voog "Promemoria" rau ob lub tshuab raj, bass clarinet, piano, harpsichord thiab percussion (1970), qhov uas nws kov cov ntsiab lus tub rog thawj zaug. Tom qab ntawd, Barkauskas rov qab mus rau nws, muab nws lub tswv yim zoo heev rau ntau daim ntawv symphonic - hauv Plaub (1984) thiab Fifth (1986) symphonies.

Zoo li ntau lwm tus neeg sau ntawv Lithuanian, Barkauskas txaus siab rau nws haiv neeg keeb kwm, sib txuas nws cov lus nrog cov lus niaj hnub ntawm kev qhia hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Ib qho piv txwv txaus nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib txuas lus yog symphonic triptych Three Aspects (1969).

Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Barkauskas, nws tau koom nrog kev kawm thiab kev coj noj coj ua - nws ua haujlwm ntawm Vilnius Music College. J. Tallat-Kelpsy, ntawm Republican House of Folk Art, qhia txoj kev xav (txij li xyoo 1961) thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg (txij li xyoo 1988) ntawm Lithuanian State Conservatory. Tus composer paub tsis yog nyob hauv tsev, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Piav lub tswv yim ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv sau tshiab, Barkauskas tau sau tias: "Kuv tau xav txog Txiv neej thiab nws txoj hmoo." Thaum kawg, lub ntsiab lus no tau txiav txim siab qhov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb rau Lithuanian artist.

G. Zhdanova