Alexander Vasilevich Alexandrov |

Alexander Alexandrov

AV Alexandrov nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm Soviet suab paj nruag kos duab feem ntau yog tus sau nkauj zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nkauj qub thiab ua tus tsim ntawm Red Banner Song thiab Dance Ensemble ntawm Soviet Army, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws hom. Alexandrov kuj tau sau tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lwm yam, tab sis muaj ob peb ntawm lawv: 2 operas, ib tug symphony, ib tug symphonic paj huam (tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau), ib tug sonata rau violin thiab piano. Nws nyiam ib hom ntawv yog zaj nkauj. Cov nkauj, tus kws sau ntawv tau thov, yog qhov pib ntawm kev pib ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag. Cov nkauj txuas ntxiv yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws, huab hwm coj, feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv cov duab kos duab. Lub tswv yim no tau lees paub los ntawm 81 thawj zaj nkauj thiab tshaj 70 kev hloov pauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem thiab cov nkauj tawm suab.

Alexandrov yog ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig nrog lub suab zoo nkauj thiab tsis tshua muaj suab paj nruag. Twb yog ib tug me nyuam tub muaj cuaj xyoos lawm, nws hu nkauj hauv ib pawg hu nkauj St. Nyob rau ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm tus zoo choral conductor A. Arkhangelsky, tus tub hluas nkag siab txog intricacies ntawm suab paj nruag kos duab thiab regency. Tab sis Alexandrov fascinated tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm choral suab paj nruag. Nws tas li mus koom symphony thiab chamber concerts, ua yeeb yam opera.

Txij li thaum 1900 Aleksandrov yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg Conservatory nyob rau hauv lub composition ntawm A. Glazunov thiab A. Lyadov. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev nws raug yuam kom tawm hauv St. Petersburg thiab cuam tshuam nws txoj kev kawm rau lub sijhawm ntev: kev nyab xeeb ntawm St. Petersburg, kev kawm nyuaj, thiab cov khoom siv nyuaj ua rau tus tub hluas txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1909 tau Aleksandrov nkag mus rau hauv Moscow Conservatory nyob rau hauv ob specialties ib zaug - nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg (chav kawm ntawm Prof. S. Vasilenko) thiab vocals (chav kawm U. Mazetti). Nws tau nthuav tawm ib qho kev ua yeeb yam Rusalka raws li A. Pushkin ua qhov kev kawm tiav ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig Nyiaj Txiag Loj rau nws.

Nyob rau hauv 1918, Alexandrov raug caw mus rau Moscow Conservatory raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv ntawm suab paj nruag thiab theoretical kev qhuab qhia, thiab 4 xyoo tom qab ntawd nws tau txais lub title ntawm professor. Ib qho kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Aleksandrov tau cim rau xyoo 1928: nws tau los ua ib tus neeg tsim khoom thiab tus thawj coj kos duab ntawm lub teb chaws thawj Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog thiab Dance Ensemble. Tam sim no nws yog Tchaikovsky Liab Banner Academic Song thiab Dance Ensemble ntawm Soviet Army, uas tau txais koob meej thoob ntiaj teb ob zaug. AV Alexandrova. Tom qab ntawd cov pawg tsuas muaj 12 tus neeg: 8 tus neeg hu nkauj, accordion player, nyeem ntawv thiab 2 tus neeg seev cev. Twb tau thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam thaum Lub Kaum Hli 12, 1928 hauv Central House of the Red Army nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Alexandrov ntsib nrog kev txaus siab txais tos los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Raws li lub premiere, pawg tau npaj ib qho kev sau ntawv thiab suab paj nruag montage "Lub 22nd Krasnodar Division hauv Nkauj". Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub koom haum yog ua haujlwm rau cov tub rog Liab, tab sis nws kuj ua rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov neeg txawj ntse hauv Soviet. Aleksandoov tau mloog zoo rau lub koom txoos lub repertoire. Nws tau mus ncig ntau lub tebchaws, sau thiab sau cov nkauj ua tub rog, thiab tom qab ntawd pib sau nws tus kheej. Nws thawj zaj nkauj ntawm lub ntsiab lus yog "Cia peb nco txog, cov phooj ywg" (Art. S. Alymova). Nws tau ua raws los ntawm lwm tus - "Tsib saum ntuj, dav hlau", "Zabaikalskaya", "Krasnoflotskaya-Amurskaya", "Song of the Fifth Division" (tag nrho ntawm S. Alymov chaw nres tsheb), "Song of partisans" (art. S. . Mikhalkov). Echelonnaya (poem los ntawm O. Kolychev) yeej tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj koob meej.

Xyoo 1937, tsoomfwv tau txiav txim siab xa cov khoom siv rau Paris, mus rau Lub Ntiaj Teb Exhibition. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 9, 1937, Red Banner pawg hauv cov tub rog hnav ris tsho tau sawv ntawm theem ntawm Pleyel concert Hall, muaj peev xwm nrog cov neeg mloog. Rau kev qhuas ntawm cov pej xeem, Alexandrov nce mus rau theem, thiab lub suab ntawm Marseillaise tau nchuav rau hauv lub tsev. Sawv daws sawv. Thaum lub suab paj nruag zoo siab ntawm Fabkis Revolution suab nrov, muaj suab nrov nrov. Tom qab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm "International" lub suab nrov tau ntev dua. Hnub tom qab, rave tshuaj xyuas txog pawg thiab nws cov thawj coj tau tshwm sim hauv Parisian cov ntawv xov xwm. Tus kws sau nkauj Fabkis tus kws sau nkauj thiab suab paj nruag nto moo J. Auric tau sau tias: "Dab tsi yog qhov kev hu nkauj zoo li no piv rau? ... Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob raug ntes los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm nuances, purity ntawm lub suab thiab, tib lub sijhawm, kev sib koom ua ke. uas hloov cov neeg hu nkauj no rau hauv ib qho cuab yeej thiab zoo li cas. Cov pawg no twb tau kov yeej Paris ... Ib lub tebchaws uas muaj cov kws ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem txaus siab rau. Alexandrov ua hauj lwm nrog redoubled zog thaum lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Nws tau sau ntau zaj nkauj zoo nkauj, xws li Dawb Huv Leninist Banner, 25 Xyoos ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab, paj huam txog Ukraine (tag nrho ntawm O. Kolychev qhov chaw nres tsheb). Ntawm cov no, - sau Alexander Vasilyevich, - "Kev Tsov Rog Dawb Huv" nkag mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov tub rog thiab tag nrho cov neeg raws li zaj nkauj ntawm kev ua pauj thiab foom phem tawm tsam Hitlerism. Lub tswb no, zaj nkauj cog lus, thiab tam sim no, zoo li nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ua tsov ua rog hnyav, ua rau cov neeg Soviet nyiam heev.

Nyob rau hauv 1939, Alexandrov sau "Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach). Thaum kev sib tw rau kev tsim lub suab nkauj tshiab ntawm Soviet Union tau tshaj tawm, nws nthuav tawm cov nkauj ntawm "Hymn ntawm Bolshevik Party" nrog cov ntawv ntawm S. Mikhalkov thiab G. El-Registan. Hmo ua ntej xyoo 1944, txhua lub xov tooj cua hauv lub tebchaws thawj zaug tau xa cov nkauj tshiab ntawm Soviet Union ua los ntawm Red Banner Ensemble.

Ua haujlwm loj heev hauv kev pabcuam cov tub rog ntawm Soviet Army, ob qho tib si thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog thiab hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, Aleksandrov kuj tau qhia txog kev txhawj xeeb rau kev kawm zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg Soviet. Nws tau ntseeg tias Red Banner Ensemble ntawm Red Army Song thiab seev cev tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum ua piv txwv rau kev tsim cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm cov koom haum. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Alexandrov tsis tsuas yog muab cov lus qhia txog kev tsim cov pab pawg hu nkauj thiab seev cev, tab sis kuj muab kev pabcuam rau lawv. Txog thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub, Alexandrov tau ua haujlwm nrog nws lub zog muaj tswv yim loj - nws tuag hauv Berlin, thaum mus ncig ua si. Nyob rau hauv ib ntawm nws tsab ntawv kawg, zoo li yog hais txog nws lub neej, Alexander Vasilyevich tau sau tias: “… Ntau npaum li cas tau ntsib thiab txoj kev twg tau taug kev los ntawm lub sijhawm kuv tseem yog menyuam tub hauv khau bast mus rau lub sijhawm tam sim no… ntau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Thiab lub neej yog ib qho kev tawm tsam tas mus li, kev ua haujlwm puv ntoob, kev txhawj xeeb… Tab sis kuv tsis yws txog dab tsi. Kuv ua tsaug rau txoj hmoo rau qhov tseeb tias kuv lub neej, kuv txoj haujlwm tau coj qee yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau Txiv Plig thiab tib neeg. Qhov no yog kev zoo siab heev… ”

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