Heitor Villa-Lobos |

Hector Villa-Lobos

Vila Lobos tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov duab zoo ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub thiab kev txaus siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tebchaws uas yug nws. P. Casal

Tus kws sau nkauj Brazilian, tus neeg saib xyuas, cov neeg hais lus dab neeg, tus kws qhia ntawv thiab suab paj nruag thiab pej xeem cov duab E. Vila Lobos yog ib tus kws sau ntawv loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. "Vila Lobos tau tsim lub teb chaws Brazilian suab paj nruag, nws ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau cov lus dab neeg ntawm nws cov neeg kawm thiab tau tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov uas cov tub ntxhais hluas Brazilian tau tsim tsa lub Tuam Tsev zoo," sau V. Maryse.

Lub neej yav tom ntej composer tau txais nws thawj suab paj nruag impressions los ntawm nws txiv, ib tug passionate music lover thiab ib tug zoo amateur cellist. Nws qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas Heitor nyeem suab paj nruag thiab ua si hauv cello li cas. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg sau yav tom ntej ntawm nws tus kheej tau paub ntau yam cuab yeej cuab tam Los ntawm hnub nyoog 16 xyoo, Vila Lobos pib lub neej ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag. Ib leeg lossis nrog ib pab pawg neeg ua yeeb yam, nrog rau tus khub tsis tu ncua - guitar, nws mus ncig thoob tebchaws, ua si hauv khw noj mov thiab xinesmas, kawm txog pej xeem lub neej, kev lis kev cai, sau thiab sau cov nkauj thiab suab paj nruag. Tias yog vim li cas, ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov composer tej hauj lwm, ib qho chaw tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj thiab seev cev los ntawm nws.

Tsis muaj peev xwm tau txais kev kawm hauv lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntawm nws txoj kev xav suab paj nruag hauv tsev neeg, Vila Lobos tau paub txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev txawj sau ntawv feem ntau vim nws cov txuj ci zoo, kev ua siab ntev, kev mob siab rau, thiab txawm tias kev kawm luv luv nrog F. Braga thiab E. Oswald.

Paris ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Vila Lobos. Ntawm no, txij li xyoo 1923, nws tau txhim kho raws li tus kws sau ntawv. Cov rooj sib tham nrog M. Ravel, M. de Falla, S. Prokofiev thiab lwm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev tsim tus kws sau ntawv tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim. Hauv 20s. Nws composes ntau, muab concerts, ib txwm ua txhua lub caij nyob rau hauv nws homeland raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib, ua nws tus kheej compositions thiab ua hauj lwm los ntawm niaj hnub European composers.

Vila Lobos yog lub suab paj nruag loj tshaj plaws thiab pej xeem hauv Brazil, nws tau pab txhawb txhua txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho nws cov suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Txij li xyoo 1931, tus kws sau nkauj tau dhau los ua tsoomfwv tus thawj coj rau kev kawm suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm lub teb chaws, nws nrhiav tau lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag thiab hu nkauj, tsim ib tug zoo-xav-txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag rau cov me nyuam, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug loj qhov chaw tau muab rau choral hu nkauj. Tom qab ntawd, Vila Lobos tau teeb tsa National Conservatory of Choral Singing (1942). Ntawm nws tus kheej txoj kev pib, xyoo 1945, Brazilian Academy of Music tau qhib hauv Rio de Janeiro, uas tus kws sau nkauj tau mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub. Vila Lobos tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kawm txog suab paj nruag thiab paj huam dab neeg ntawm Brazil, tsim ib tug rau-ntim "Cov Tswv Yim Qhia Txog Kev Kawm Ntawm Folklore", uas muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag.

Tus kws sau nkauj ua haujlwm yuav luag txhua hom suab paj nruag - los ntawm opera mus rau suab paj nruag rau menyuam yaus. Vila Lobos cov cuab yeej cuab tam loj ntawm ntau dua 1000 cov haujlwm suav nrog symphonies (12), symphonic paj huam thiab suites, operas, ballets, instrumental concertos, quartets (17), piano pieces, romances, thiab lwm yam. thiab influences, cov uas cuam tshuam ntawm impressionism yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau paj huam muaj lub cim hauv lub tebchaws. Lawv sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm Brazilian pej xeem kos duab: modal, harmonic, ib hom ntawv nyeem; feem ntau lub hauv paus ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog nrov pej xeem nkauj thiab seev cev.

Ntawm ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm Vila Lobos, 14 Shoro (1920-29) thiab Brazilian Bahian voj voog (1930-44) tsim nyog tshwj xeeb. "Shoro", raws li tus kws sau ntawv, "yog ib hom suab paj nruag tshiab, ua ke ntau hom suab paj nruag Brazilian, Negro thiab Indian, xav txog cov suab paj nruag thiab hom originality ntawm pej xeem kos duab." Vila Lobos embodied ntawm no tsis yog ib daim ntawv ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag ua, tab sis kuj yog ib tug cam khwb cia ntawm performers. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, "14 Shoro" yog ib hom suab paj nruas duab ntawm Brazil, nyob rau hauv uas hom ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj thiab seev cev, lub suab ntawm pej xeem seev yog recreated. Lub voj voog Brazilian Bahian yog ib qho haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws los ntawm Vila Lobos. Lub originality ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm tag nrho cov 9 suites ntawm lub voj voog no, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev qhuas rau cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm JS Bach, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias tsis muaj stylization ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm German composer zoo nyob rau hauv nws. Qhov no yog ib hom suab paj nruag Brazilian, ib qho ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb chaws style.

Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub composer thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej tau txais ntau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Brazil thiab txawv teb chaws. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub composer, ib tug kev sib tw coj nws lub npe yog systematically tuav. Qhov kev tshwm sim suab paj nruag, dhau los ua lub hnub so tiag tiag, nyiam cov kws ntaus nkauj los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.

I. Vetlitsyna