Lev Nikolayevich Revutsky |
Lev Revutsky
Ib theem tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ukrainian Soviet suab paj nruag yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm L. Revutsky. Tus kws sau ntawv cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim me me - 2 symphonies, piano concerto, sonata thiab cov khoom me me rau pianoforte, 2 cantatas ("Handkerchief" raws li T. Shevchenko cov paj huam "Kuv tsis tau taug kev hnub Sunday" thiab lub suab-symphonic. paj huam "Ode to a Song" raws li M. Rylsky cov nqe lus), nkauj, hu nkauj thiab tshaj 120 qhov kev hloov ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate tus composer txoj kev pab rau lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai. Nws qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj yog thawj tus piv txwv ntawm hom ntawv no hauv Ukrainian kev suab paj nruag, Qhov Thib Ob Symphony nteg lub hauv paus ntawm Ukrainian Soviet symphony. Nws cov kev sau thiab cov voj voog ntawm kev hloov pauv tau tsim cov kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm cov neeg hais lus xws li N. Lysenko, K. Stetsenko, Ya. Stepova. Revutsky yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua ntawm Soviet lus dab neeg.
Qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov neeg sau ua haujlwm tau tuaj rau xyoo 20s. thiab coincided nrog lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub teb chaws tus kheej, active kawm txog nws keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai yav dhau los. Lub sijhawm no, muaj kev txaus siab ntxiv rau hauv kev kos duab ntawm xyoo 1921th, imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev tiv thaiv serfdom. (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm T. Shevchenko, I. Franko, L. Ukrainka), rau pej xeem kos duab. Nyob rau hauv 1919, lub suab paj nruag thiab ethnographic chaw ua hauj lwm tau qhib nyob rau hauv Kyiv ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub Ukrainian SSR, collections ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj thiab folklore kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb pej xeem K. Kvitka, G. Verevka, N. Leontovich tau luam tawm, thiab cov ntawv xov xwm suab paj nruag. tau luam tawm. Thawj lub koom haum koom pheej symphony orchestra tau tshwm sim (XNUMX), cov rooj sib txoos hauv tsev, lub teb chaws suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam tau qhib. Nws yog lub sijhawm xyoo no uas qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm Revutsky tau tsim thaum kawg, yuav luag tag nrho nws cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim. Qhov tob tob hauv cov neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws, cov suab paj nruag Revutsky tau txais nws qhov tshwj xeeb siab dawb lyricism thiab epic dav, lub siab lub ntsws ci ntsa iab thiab ci ntsa iab. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm classical kev sib haum xeeb, proportionality, kaj optimistic mus ob peb vas.
Revutsky tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntse suab paj nruag. Concerts feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv tsev, uas lub suab paj nruag ntawm kuv, S. Bach, WA Mozart, F. Schubert suab. Thaum ntxov heev tus tub hluas tau paub txog cov nkauj pej xeem. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos, Revutsky pib kawm suab paj nruag nrog nws niam, tom qab ntawd nrog ntau tus kws qhia ntawv hauv xeev. Nyob rau hauv 1903, nws nkag mus rau lub Kyiv Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam, qhov chaw uas nws tus kws qhia piano yog N. Lysenko, ib tug zoo composer thiab founder ntawm Ukrainian kev suab paj nruag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txaus siab ntawm Revutsky hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis txwv rau suab paj nruag, thiab xyoo 1908. nws tau nkag mus rau Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics thiab lej thiab Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Kyiv University. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws sau nkauj yav tom ntej tuaj koom cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm RMO Music School. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no, muaj ib tug muaj zog opera troupe nyob rau hauv Kyiv, uas staged Lavxias teb sab thiab Western European classics; symphonic thiab chamber concerts tau systematically tuav, xws li zoo heev ua yeeb yam thiab composers li S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, V. Landovskaya, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov ncig saib. Maj mam, lub suab paj nruag lub neej ntawm lub nroog captivates Revutsky, thiab, txuas ntxiv nws cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws nkag mus rau lub conservatory uas qhib nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm R. Gliere (1913). Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev khiav tawm ntawm txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv txuas nrog nws cuam tshuam cov kev tshawb fawb hauv lub cev. Nyob rau hauv 1916, Revutsky kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub conservatory ntawm ib tug ceev ceev (ob feem ntawm lub First Symphony thiab ob peb lub piano daim ntawv qhia raws li ib tug thesis ua hauj lwm). Hauv 2, nws xaus rau ntawm Riga pem hauv ntej. Tsuas yog tom qab Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Kev Cai Lij Choj Loj, rov qab los tsev rau Irzhavets, tus kws sau paj huam tau koom nrog hauv kev muaj tswv yim - nws tau sau romances, cov nkauj nrov, hu nkauj, thiab ib qho ntawm nws cov nkauj zoo tshaj plaws, cantata The Handkerchief (1917).
Nyob rau hauv 1924, Revutsky tsiv mus rau Kyiv thiab pib qhia nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam lub koom haum, thiab tom qab nws faib mus rau hauv ib tug ua yeeb yam tsev kawm ntawv thiab ib tug conservatory, nws tsiv mus rau lub department ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub conservatory, qhov twg, ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, tag nrho. Constellation ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv Ukrainian tawm hauv nws chav kawm - P thiab G. Mayboroda, A. Filippenko, G. Zhukovsky, V. Kireyko, A. Kolomiets. Tus kws sau ntawv lub tswv yim muaj tswv yim yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov dav thiab ntau yam. Tab sis lub hauv paus chaw nyob rau hauv lawv belongs rau kev npaj ntawm pej xeem nkauj - comic thiab keeb kwm, lyrical thiab ritual. Qhov no yog li cas lub voj voog "Lub Hnub, Galician Songs" thiab cov sau "Cossack Songs" tshwm sim, uas nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv cov neeg sau keeb kwm. Cov lus dab neeg tob tob ntawm cov lus hauv kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub, qhov tseeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag ze rau pej xeem cov nkauj, thiab paj huam tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Revutsky txoj kev sau ntawv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug artistic rethinking ntawm folklore yog lub thib ob Symphony (1927), lub Piano Concerto (1936) thiab symphonic variations ntawm Cossack.
Hauv 30s. tus composer sau cov me nyuam hu nkauj, suab paj nruag rau zaj duab xis thiab ua yeeb yam productions, instrumental compositions ("Ballad" rau cello, "Moldavian lullaby" rau oboe thiab hlua orchestra). Los ntawm 1936 txog 1955 Revutsky tau koom nrog kev ua tiav thiab kho cov kev tsim sab saum toj ntawm nws tus kws qhia - N. Lysenko's Opera "Taras Bulba". Nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, Revutsky tsiv mus rau Tashkent thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj haujlwm tam sim no yog nyob ntawm ib zaj nkauj patriotic.
Nyob rau hauv 1944 Revutsky rov qab mus rau Kyiv. Nws yuav siv sij hawm tus neeg sau ntau ntawm kev siv zog thiab sij hawm los kho cov qhab nia ntawm ob lub suab paj nruag thiab cov concerto uas tau ploj thaum ua tsov ua rog - nws sau lawv los ntawm kev nco, hloov pauv. Ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab yog "Ode to a Song" thiab "Song of the Party", sau ua ib feem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, Revutsky coj lub Union ntawm Composers ntawm lub Ukrainian SSR, thiab ua ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau ua hauj lwm ntawm Lysenko. Txog rau hnub kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Revutsky ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv, luam tawm cov ntawv, thiab ua yeeb yam hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam.
... Ib zaug, twb tau lees paub tias yog ib tug txwj laus ntawm Ukrainian suab paj nruag, Lev Nikolayevich tau sim ntsuas nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim hauv kev kos duab thiab chim siab los ntawm qhov tsawg ntawm cov opuses vim nquag, hloov kho cov ntawv sau tiav. Dab tsi ua rau nws nrog qhov kev mob siab ntev dua thiab rov qab mus rau qhov nws tau sau? Kev sib zog ua kom tiav, rau qhov tseeb thiab kev zoo nkauj, qhov tseeb thiab tus cwj pwm tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev ntsuas tus kheej txoj haujlwm. Qhov no yeej ib txwm txiav txim siab muaj tswv yim credo ntawm Revutsky, thiab thaum kawg, tag nrho nws lub neej.
O. Dashevskaya
